Study on Developing Reference Data Model to Share and Open Data in Public Domain

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1 , pp Study on Developing Reference Data Model to Share and Open Data in Public Domain Chul Hyun Hwang 1, and Hyuwoong Han 1, Kwangchul Shin 1 and Hoe Kyung Jung 2* 1 Director, einss&c, , Ace High City, 55-20, Mullae-Dong 3ga, Seoul, South 1 Graduate School of Business IT, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-Ro, Seongbuk- Gu, Seoul, South Korea, 1 Graduate School of Business IT, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-Ro, Seongbuk- Gu, Seoul, South Korea 2 Dept. Of Computer Engineering, PciChai Univ., Baejae-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, South Korea, 1 chhwang@einssnc.com, 1 hyun_woong@lycos.co.kr, 1 kcshin@b2en.com, 2 hkjung@pcu.ac.kr Abstract Reference model is widely used in building up information system since it provides a variety of advantages such as verified framework and blueprint. However, the existing reference model that is provided particularly for each industrial group has a limitation on the application for the public domain that has a purpose of sharing the data of various business patterns. This study has its purpose of developing reference data model that is not dependent on a particular industry or business pattern. What is proposed here is to develop modelling method that interprets the real world with four elements of Party, Service, Activity and Thing and to suggest the possibility of universal application of it in public domain without being dependent on particular domains. Key words: Reference data model, Data modelling, Conceptual data model, Open data, Data sharing 1. Introduction Reference model is a unique form of conceptual model and suggests a general solution to solve particular problems in a limited domain [1]. It is widely used when the information system is built up, due to its advantages such as reuse of the knowledge, increase of the product quality, decrease of the risk of project build-up and save on the cost and time when building it up [3, 12]. The purpose of this work is to propose a development method for a universal reference data model that can be utilized by the various institutes at the same time under the environment of open information system where a variety of business models co-exist. This is because the recent call for the data sharing and opening in the public domain, in association with the e-government, is based on the conceptual model which is universal, beyond the conceptual domain in the individual information system. * Corresponding Author ISSN: IJSEIA Copyright c 2014 SERSC

2 The present paper is composed of five chapters: chapter 2 addresses the necessity of the reference model that can be widely and jointly used; chapter 3 explains conceptual model of the proposed PSAT, its organization and function and the method to apply; chapter 4 illustrates the real examples applied, to find out the possibility of using the proposed modelling method in the real world; and chapter 5 concludes the paper with the proposal on the future work plan. 2. Related Work Reference model has been produced and applied upon the premise that it will be widely used within the similar domain class in the real world, and is often called universal model, generic model or model pattern. [9, 11] Another role of reference model is to visualize the objects and the process of modelling and to optimize the process-related issue such as business process [2, 4-6]. The premise that reference model is to be used in the particular domain class involves the problem that its advantage might not be fully employed when used in different domain classes. Studies on reference model are conducted in two directions: one is for the conceptual modelling [2, 4, 5, 7, 8] to develop and reuse reference model, and the other is for the framework [10, 11] to evaluate the quality of reference model. The existing study results on reference model will be used as the principal criteria in this paper for the wide applicability of reference model, possibility of sharing optimized process and consistency of quality of tailored model. 3. PSAT Reference Data Model 3.1. PSAT Conceptual Approach Method The proposed model begins with the fundamental concept that every phenomenon in the real world is composed of the four elements of Party, Thing, Service and Activity; in other words, the first two elements of Party and Thing are defined as constituents that are the individual entities that directly participate in phenomena. And the other two elements, Service and Activity, have the meta-character (what phenomenon is made through the combination of the constituents) that the constituents themselves explain the events. These are the basic concepts when the proposed model is being approached; for example, the phenomenon that H 2 O is composed of two Hs and one O can be explained that H, O and H 2 O are the individual entities that constitute the phenomenon and the required conditions, process and the result are interpreted as meta-characteristic outcome in producing water (H 2 O). When these are seen from the data perspective, the events of the real world are reconstructed with Party and Thing becoming relationship among data instance and Service and Activity becoming Meta Data. - Party and Thing: Party represents individuals and groups, acting with a characteristic of intrinsic properties of entities, not of subjects or objects. Thing contains information on objects that exist in real world, excluding individuals and groups. Objects here should be (visibly) observed or divided individually. These features of the objects can be represented as hierarchical classification and inheritance of attributes in the natural world by the super-level category. - Service and Activity: Service and Activity, unlike Party and Thing, are invisible and explain the activities and relationship between subjects and objects. Service exhibits 118 Copyright c 2014 SERSC

3 consistency with particular purposes whereas Activity is separated from objects, repetitive and carried out in a short time. Service without Activity cannot influence the real world, and Activity without Service bears the characteristic of emptiness by the meaningless repetition. Accordingly, all events can bear the meaning and be explained when they occur through the combination of Service and Activity. We conversely assume in this paper that a particular event that is meaningful can be divided into Service and Activity PSAT Composition of Reference Data Model PSAT Model is divided into Data domain of the aforementioned four elements and Operational data domain. Data domain of four elements is composed of party data model and category data model. The former employs ISO standard model on interested parties of individuals and organizations and the latter employs data model where the attribute is inherited with supercategory of the natural circle at the center. Operational data domain is a logical data model where the data generated from the four elements domain were applied to organizations and functions. Entity and attribute, constituents of the logical data model, are decided by the data of Service and Activity; and as for the attribute, the attributes that indicate Party and Thing are composed of the relationship between the related entities and primary key and foreign key. Conceptual date model that explains the structural relationship among entities in operational domain data using the four elements data is as Figure 1 below: Figure 1. PSAT Data Modeling Method and Conceptual Model 3.3. PSAT Applying Method Using Reference Data Model The general process of building up information system using reference model goes through the four steps of (1) defining issues and demands, (2) defining appropriate reference model, (3) tailoring reference model, and (4) building up of models that fit into organization and function [12]. To implement the proposed PSAT model, the specific measures are required for each phase where reference model is being used. For the details, see below: Copyright c 2014 SERSC 119

4 Table 1. Process to Apply the Proposed Model as Reference Model Phase Making Use of Reference Model Making Use of Proposed Model 1 Defining issues and requests Conceptualizing Party and Thing Defining Service and Process Reference Data Defining Party and Thing Category 2 Defining the appropriate reference model Model BMT (Bench Marking Test) Analyzing gap with business model 3 Tailoring reference model Deleting unnecessary elements in Core Model 4 Building up of models that fit into organization and function Creating entities by the classification of Party and Thing Creating operational domain entities using Service and Activity data The rules that apply to every phase are: (1) the four elements cannot be divided in particular business domain; (2) there is no mutual overlap; and (3) the atomic attribute that reconstitutes all events only with the produced classifications should exist. In addition, in order to build up operational data model using the four elements, the systems of classification, attribute and identification among elements must be secured. 4. Result of Tailoring Proposed Model and Analysis 4.1. Result of Insurance Service Tailoring In this chapter, the proposed model is applied to public domain insurance service and the result of reconstructing real world to deal with insurance service is presented as data model. The Figure 2 and 3 are the results of the aforesaid phase 1 which drew the structure of classifications and attributes of Service and Activity of insurance service which is modeling object. Figure 2. Service and Activity of Modeling Object 120 Copyright c 2014 SERSC

5 Figure 3. Attribute Inheritance Structure of Service and Activity The result of building up operational data using the structures of classifications and attributes confirmed above is as Diagram 4 below. The Diagram explains an example of particular biodata and is a biodata entity for payment period review for unemployment pay. The building up of this model represented all entities, attributes and relationship of the existing model with none of them being missed out. Figure 4. Result of Building up Operational History Data Model Copyright c 2014 SERSC 121

6 4.2. Analysis of the Effect In addition, another important role of reference model lies in its ability to verify at an early stage whether it can accommodate the explicit demands of organization or service. [11] The existing method that has been mainly used for this was to systematize the classification of domain class on reference model and to reuse the reference model within the similar class. [10] This approach makes the core business within the domain class reused like data structure; thus, a various and great number of interested parties, when sharing the data in other business domains, should understand all conceptual models and reinterpret them from their own point of view. Furthermore, there exists a problem that information system is vulnerable to changes as the knowledge (information) is expressed as data structure. The propose model, to resolve this problem, has the domain characteristics be defined and managed at data instance level rather than data structure. This effort to overcome the domain dependencies through this is related to general and domain independent characteristics group among the three classifications of reference model by Peter Fettke and Peter Loos [9], which can be very important in public domain where the changes of business types and process occur in many occasions. The thing to notice in this application is that the most verification process on demands is completed in the stages of one to two from all four stages and to minimize the technological dependency in building up data model. This enables modeler to fully focus on business demands, without having to pay much attention to various logical relationships among entities. Nonetheless, the verification on demands through this method can be possible when core data instance, not data structure, is built up, therefore having limitation that it should adopt the methodology of drawing Service and Activity within the quickest possible time and verifying demands (including model BMT) through this. Due to this nature, it can be generally used for the next generation built-up business including BPR and process standardization, and for the government-wide consumer-oriented information service that manifoldly exists in various business models. 5. Conclusion and Future Work Areas In association with e-government, data sharing and opening is one of the most essential strategies and tasks to promote. For this, development and expansion of reference data model that can be shared should come first. Through this work, one could see that the universal principle and method to model a variety of public services and their environments do exist, which can be employed as reference model as well. The future studies will be on the increase of the sharing rate through the objective study on various public sectors and development on reference data model that will satisfy the quality level. References [1] B. S. Barn, On the Evaluation of Reference Model for Software Engineering Practice, ISEC 09, (2009) February [2] J. Becker and R. Schütte, Handels informations systeme. Landsberg/Lech, (1996). [3] W. Esswein, D. K. S. Zumpe and N. Sunke, Identifying the Quality of Ecommerce Reference Model, Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Electronic Commerce, Delft, The Netherlands, (2004). [4] M. Fowler, Analysis Patterns: Reusable Object Models, Menlo Park, CA, (1997). [5] D. C. Hay, Data Model Patterns Conventions of Thought, New York, NY, (1996). [6] A. Kawtrakul, I. Mulasastra, T. Khampachua and S. Ruengittinun, The Challenges of Accelerating Connected Government and Beyond: Thailand Perspectives, Electronic Journal of e-government, vol. 9, no. 2, (2011), pp Copyright c 2014 SERSC

7 [7] K. Lang, W. Taumann and F. Bodendorf, Business Process Reengineering with reusable Reference Process Building Blocks, Scholz-Reiter, B., Stickel, E.: Business Process Modelling, Berlin/New York, (1996), pp [8] C. Marshall, Enterprise Modeling with UML: Designing Successful Software through Business Analysis, Reading, MA, (1999). [9] P. Fettke and P. Loos, Classification of Reference Model: Methodology and its application, Information System and e-business management, (2003), pp [10] P. Fettke and P. Loos, Multiperspective evaluation of reference models: towards a framework, D. Gentner, G. Poels, H.J. Nelson, M. Piattini (Eds.), International Workshop on Conceptual Modeling Quality, IWCMQ_03, Evanston, IL, USA, (2003). [11] P. Fettke and P. Loos, Ontology Evaluation of reference models: Using the Bunge-Wand-Weber Model, Ninth Americas Conference on Information System, (2003), pp [12] B. Schlagheck, Objektorientierte Referenzmodelle für das Prozess-und Projektcontrolling. Dt. Univ.- Verlag, (2000), pp Authors Cheol Hyun Hwang, he received the B.S degree from the Kumoh Institute Technology in 1991, and M.S. degree in Computer Science from Kyung-Nam University, and he is currently studying toward the Ph. D. degree in Computer Science at University of Paichai University. His current research interests include data modeling, master data, data architectures. Hyunwoong Han, he has worked as a Banking IT consultant specialized in Enterprise Credit Evaluation and Enterprise Risk Management since He is a Ph.D student at Graduate School of Business IT, Kookmin University, Korea. His research interests include Enterprise Risk Management, Enterprise Credit Evaluation, Consumer Credit Rating, Data Modeling, Data Quality and Data Governance. Kwangchul Shin was born in Jeju, South Korea, on August 4, He received his Bachelor Degree in Department of Computer Science and Engineering from Incheon National University in 2007 and his MBA from Hanyang University Business School in He has worked as an IT consultant specialized in enterprise data issue since Before becoming an IT consultant, He had been a developer based on Microsoft technology like ASP, VB for 4 years. He is a Ph.D student at Graduate School of Business IT, Kookmin University, Korea. His research interests include Data Modeling, Data Quality, Data Governance, Physical Database Design and Database Performance Tuning. Copyright c 2014 SERSC 123

8 Hoe-Kyung Jung, he received the B.S degree in 1987 and Ph. D. degree in 1993 from the Department of Computer Engineering of Kwangwoon University, Korea. From 1994 to 2005, he worked for ETRI as a researcher. Since 1994, he has worked in the department of Computer Engineering at Paichai University, where he now works as a professor. His current research interests include multimedia document architecture modeling, information processing, information retrieval, and databases. 124 Copyright c 2014 SERSC