Index. Symbols = (equal) operator, 87

Transcription

1 riordan.book Page 343 Thursday, December 16, :23 PM Index Symbols = (equal) operator, 87 A abstract entities, 14 abstract relations, 51 accelerator keys, Access (application), 7 access keys, Access Report Wizard, 312 accidental entries, correcting, 297 ActiveX Data Objects (ADO), 8 ad hoc reports, , additions, tracking, 218 ADO (ActiveX Data Objects), 8 ADO.NET, 8 Advanced Filter/Sort window, advanced users, designing for, 239, 319 aggregate functions, SQL, AllowZeroLength flag, 78 alternate keys, 33 AND operator, 87 ANSI_NULLS option, 88 applications, 5 architectures for user interfaces, AS keyword (SQL), 101 assistance. See user assistance attributes, 11, candidate and primary keys, constraints on, 213, defining data objects, of dimensional tables, changing, for entities, determining, in fact tables, 117 dimension keys, fact attribute characteristics, functional dependency, of relationships, determining, 187 restrictions on value ranges, audible feedback, 329 audience, for system design, auditing, AutoLookup operation (Jet database engine), 91 automatic report printing, AutoNumber fields, 34 B base relations, 85 beeping, as user feedback, 329 beginner users, designing for, 238, , 332 benefit analyses, binary relationships. See one-to-one relationships bit flags, 37 body, relation, 12 Boolean logic, Boyce/Codd normal form, building data models, 148, data object identification, domain analysis, entity review, normalization, 195 relationship definition, value range restrictions, business intelligence,

2 riordan.book Page 344 Thursday, December 16, :23 PM 344 Index business rules, 72, , See also integrity constraints; work processes entities and, 190 Business Services layer, 198 C candidate keys, 32 34, 50 51, 190 cardinality of relationships, 11, determining, 186 known, 62 Cartesian products, cascading deletes, 71, 295 cascading updates, 71, 295 change management, 231 character length constraints, 290 CHECK constraints, 77 78, 81, 213 checkbox controls, 277 classic MDI interfaces, client/server systems, closure, defined, code architectures, codes, non-scalar values for, combo box controls, command vectors, 320 communicating about design process, communicating with users, competence, communicating, 224 component integration, components, code, composite entries, 188 composite keys, 33 concatenation of recordsets, conceptual data model. See data model concrete entities, 14 confirmation messages, consistency in user interface design, constraints for relationships, 188, 190, 214 specifying in database schema, 213 on value ranges, , 276, 292 Input Mask property, 282, controls, status bar information, conventional value approach, 74 cost-benefit analyses, , 225 costs, answering questions about, 223 coverage tables, 123 criteria for project success, design, crosstab queries, 101 cube operator, 103 CUBE operator (SQL), 103 cubes (dimensional databases), 112. See also dimensional databases custom (ad hoc) reports, , cyclical join dependencies, D DAO (Data Access Objects), 8 data access object models, 8 data architectures, data constraints. See integrity constraints data definition environments, 8 9 data dependencies, data entry mistakes, handling, 297 data integrity, implementation of, integrity constraints, Data Interface layer, data marts, 113, 122 data mining, data models, 5, building, 148, data object identification, domain analysis, entity review, normalization, 195 relationship definition, value range restrictions, communicating about,

3 riordan.book Page 345 Thursday, December 16, :23 PM Index 345 differences from reality, handling, flexibility, integrity maintenance. See integrity constraints data objects, defining, Data Services layer, 198 data types, choosing, constraints on, , 290 user-defined (UDDTs), data validation, 200, 276. See also integrity constraints data warehouse, 113 database design process, 143 building data models, 148, data object identification, domain analysis, entity review, normalization, 195 relationship definition, value range restrictions, communicating to others, defining system parameters, 148, design criteria, system goals, system scope, defining work processes, 148, life cycle models, steps of, Windows controls, choosing, database engines, 7 database integrity constraints, 72 database reporting. See reporting database schemas, 5, code architecture and, communicating about, 228 components of, data architectures, preparing, 148 security, database structure, basic principles, dimensional databases, , 228. See also dimension tables; fact tables form design and, 272 flexibility, normalization, 31, 35 45, 195 Boyce/Codd normal form, 41 first normal form, fourth and fifth normal forms, second normal form, 38 third normal form, redundancy, eliminating, database system parameters, defining, 148, design criteria, system goals, system scope, database tools, 6 9 databases, defined, 3 6 DataField property, 279 DataGrid controls, 270, 281 datasheets, 281 date values, controls for representing, dates, 36 DateTime data type, 36 DateTimePicker controls, 282 deadlines, answering questions about, 223 declarative integrity, degree, relation, 11 deletions, tracking, 218 dependencies, determining, derived relations, 85 design criteria, developing, cost-benefit analyses, , 225 design process, 143 building data models, 148, data object identification, domain analysis, entity review, normalization, 195 relationship definition, value range restrictions, communicating to others,

4 riordan.book Page 346 Thursday, December 16, :23 PM 346 Index design process (Continued) defining system parameters, 148, design criteria, system goals, system scope, defining work processes, 148, life cycle models, steps of, Windows controls, choosing, designing reports, detached data architectures, detail reports, 307 diagramming relationships, 50 diagramming work processes, differences, relational, dimension keys, dimension tables, changing dimensions, snowflaking, structure of, dimensional databases, , 228 dimension tables, changing dimensions, snowflaking, structure of, fact tables, 110, grain of, , 135 structure of, types of, form design and, 272 directly measurable criteria for success, 158 divide operations, document architectures, document structure, 222 documentation of work processes, documenting work processes, domain integrity constraints, 66 68, domains, 12, 18 20, constraints on, 213 for entities, determining, restrictions on value ranges, drop-down combo boxes, 279 E E/R (entity relationship) diagrams, 21 22, 110, defining relationships, interface architecture and, 247 end users, communicating with, engines, 7 English Query tool, 306 entities, constraints on, 213, reporting. See reporting representing in form design, reviewing, subclassing, 54 56, 124 weak vs. strong, 48 entity integrity constraints, 69 70, entity relationship (E/R) diagrams, 21 22, 110, defining relationships, interface architecture and, 247 environment criteria for success, Equal truth table, 87 equi-join operations, 90 ERDs. See E/R diagrams error messages, 330 errors, printing, evolutionary development model, Excel, 113 executive summaries, expert users, designing for, 239, 319 extend operator, 100 External Access Interface layer, 199, 201

5 riordan.book Page 347 Thursday, December 16, :23 PM Index 347 F fact tables, 110, grain of, , 135 structure of, types of, facts, 110 attribute characteristics, heterogeneous, fifth normal form, filtering data, first normal form, flags, non-scalar values for, 37 flexibility, flowcharts for work processes, foreign keys, constraints for, orphaning, 71 foreign relations, form-based reports, 308 format, domain, 194 format constraints, 290 formatting reports, forms, designing to represent entities, forms, filtering by, four-layered code architecture, fourth normal form, FROM clause, SELECT statement (SQL), 86 front-end development, 9 full outer joins, 94 functional dependency, G goals of system, developing, , design criteria, developing, grain, fact tables, , 135 graphic reporting, 307 graphic user interface. See user interface design GROUP BY clause, SELECT statement (SQL), 86, 99 CUBE operator, 103 ROLLUP clause, GUI. See user interface design H HasA relationship type, 48 heading, relation, 12 help systems, See also user assistance heterogeneous facts, hierarchies in form design, HOLAP (hybrid OLAP) systems, 110 hybrid OLAP systems, 110 I Identity fields, 34 implementation models (user interface), 237 incremental development model, index file, performance and, indirect interactions with entities, 189 inner joins, 93 input masks, 282 input masks (Input Mask property), integration of database components, integrity, data, implementation of, integrity constraints, integrity constraints, 65 73, See also data integrity business rules, 72, , entities and, 190 intrinsic constraints, interactions between entities, 189 interface architectures, MDIs (multiple document interfaces), SDIs (single document interfaces), work process support,

6 riordan.book Page 348 Thursday, December 16, :23 PM 348 Index interface design, 149, consistency, effectiveness of, understanding, 235 empowering users, integrity maintenance. See integrity constraints interface architectures, MDIs (multiple document interfaces), SDIs (single document interfaces), work process support, minimizing user workload, 242 models for, 236 prototypes and specifications, for reporting, representing entities in form design, hierarchies, many-to-many relationships, one-to-many relationships, one-to-one relationships, 264 user levels, 238 Windows controls, choosing intermediate users, designing for, 238, , 332 intersections, relational, interviewing users, intrinsic constraints, IS NULL and IS NOT NULL operators, 88 IsA relationship type, 48 J Jet database engine, 7 cascading deletes/updates, 71, 295 domain support, natural join operations, 91 physical data types, Relation objects, 83 JOIN clause, SELECT statement (SQL), 86, join dependencies, join operations, junction tables, 58 K key attributes (fact tables), 110 keyboard shortcuts, L layered paradigm, left outer joins, 94 length constraints, 290 levels of security, life cycle models, limitations. See constraints LinkChildFields property, 280 LinkMasterFields property, 280 list box controls, , 307 linked pair of, 281 ListField property, 279 listing reports, 307 logical data types, 66 logical operators, logical values, controls for representing, lossless decomposition, 31 M managing change, 231 manifest models (user interface), 237 many-to-many relationships, 20 21, form design and, snowflaking, 134 MDIs (multiple document interfaces), measuring project success, memory load, minimizing, mental models (user interface), 236 menu-based reporting interfaces, 308

7 riordan.book Page 349 Thursday, December 16, :23 PM Index 349 menu shortcut keys, messages error messages, status bar information, methodologies, notes on, 149 Microsoft Access, 7 Access Report Wizard, 312 Microsoft ADO, 8 Microsoft Agent, 332 Microsoft English Query tool, 306 Microsoft Excel, 113 Microsoft Office Assistant, minimizing user workload, missing information problem, 67, See also null values mistakes in data entry, 297 mnemonic access keys, modal design, 240 modularity of code, MOLAP (multidimensional OLAP) systems, 110 MonthView controls, 282 MSDE (Microsoft Desktop Engine), 7 multi-select list box controls, 281 multidimensional OLAP systems, 110 multiple document interfaces (MDIs), multivalued dependency pairs, N N-cubes, 112. See also dimensional databases N-tiered data architectures, 210 natural join operations, 91 natural language interface, 306 networked databases, 206, 209 noise feedback, 329 nonexistent values, 67, normal forms, 31 normalization of databases,31, 35 45, 195 normalized databases, defined, 108 normalizing dimensions, Not Equal truth table, 87 novice users, designing for, 238, , 332 Null values, 74 76, aggregate functions, 100 constraints on, 291 numeric values, controls for representing, O objects, defining, Office Assistant, OLAP (on-line analytical processing) systems, 108 OLTP (on-line transactional processing) systems, 108, 113 on-demand report printing, one-to-many relationships, 20 21, 57 form design and, one-to-one relationships, 20, 20 21, 47, form design and, 264 online help, operations on relations, extensions to, relational operations, Set operations, option button controls, 277, 280 optionality of relationships, 48 49, 56 determining, OR operator, 87 ORDER BY clause, SELECT statement (SQL), 89, 302 orphan entities, 70 71, 288 outer join operations, Outlook-style interfaces, 251 overriding business rules, P paging mechanism, parameter definition process, 148, design criteria, system goals, system scope,

8 riordan.book Page 350 Thursday, December 16, :23 PM 350 Index partial relationship participation, 20 21, 47 participants of relationships, defined, 20 21, 47 passive mechanisms, user assistance, passwords, performance, data architectures and, physical data types, physical tables, defining in schemas, PIVOT clause, 102 primary keys, 32 34, 288 blank fields for, 293 unique indices vs., 82 primary relations, printer errors, privileges, assigning, 217 proactive mechanisms, user assistance, 320, problem space, 4 5, 188 procedural integrity, process analyses, profiles, user, 177 project interfaces, 256 projection operator, 89 prototyping user interface, , 237 purpose of system design, Q queries (Jet database engine), 85 stored queries, R radio button controls, 277, 280 ranges of values, restricting, , 292 reactive mechanisms, user assistance, 320, reality, differences from system model, recordsets. See relations redimensioning tables, redundancy eliminating, fact tables, 118 referential integrity constraints, 70 72, 82 83, regular entities, 48 Relation objects (Jet database), 83 relational algebra, extensions to, relational operations, Set operations, relational model, 9 13 relational OLAP systems, 110 relations (recordsets), 10 candidate and primary keys, defined, 11 tracking user activity, virtual, 200 relationships, 20 22, binary, 20, 47 cardinality. See cardinality of relationships constraints on, 188, 190, 214 defining, , diagramming, 50 hierarchies in form design, many-to-many, 20 21, form design and, snowflaking, 134 modeling, one-to-many, 20 21, 57 form design and, one-to-one, 20 21, form design and, optionality of, 48 49, 56 determining, participants of, defined, 20 21, 47 ternary, 20, 47, unary, 47, 58 rename operator, repeating groups, 37 Report Wizard, 312

9 riordan.book Page 351 Thursday, December 16, :23 PM Index 351 reporting, ad hoc (custom) reports, , printing reports, searching, sorting, and filtering, standard reports, 301, Required field, 78 restriction operator, 89 restrictions on value ranges, , 292 result sets. See relations reviewing entities, revision control, 231 Rich Textbox controls, 285 right outer joins, 94 risks, communicating about, ROLAP (relational OLAP) systems, 110 ROLLUP clause (SQL), rollup operator, Row Fix-Up operation (Jet database engine), 91 S scenarios, 177 schemas, 5, code architecture and, communicating about, 228 components of, data architectures, preparing, 148 security, scope of system, scroll bar controls, scrubbing, 133 SDIs (single document interfaces), searching data, second normal form, security issues, SELECT statements (SQL), extensions to, relational operations, searching, sorting, and filtering, set operations, storing, semi-additive facts, 119 service components, 198 sets of values, controls for representing, share-level security, 217 shortcut keys, simple keys, 33 single document interfaces (SDIs), single-tier data architectures, slider controls, snapshot tables, 122 snowflake schemas, 111 snowflaking, soft changes, tracking, sorting data, 302, 305 sound feedback, 329 speaking with end users, specifications for user interface, 230 spinner controls, 283 spiral model, 145 SQL Server, 7 aggregate functions, domain support, physical data types, UDDTs (user-defined data types), standalone systems, standard letters, standard reports, 301, standards, notes on, 149 star schemas, 110 state, defined, 211 state-transition diagram, 68 status bars, stored queries, strategies for design, 160 sub-datasheets, 270 sub-form controls, 281 subclassing, 54 56, 124

10 riordan.book Page 352 Thursday, December 16, :23 PM 352 Index success, developing criteria for, cost-benefit analyses, , 225 summarize operator, summary reports, 307 support mechanisms (user assistance), passive mechanisms, proactive mechanisms, 320, reactive mechanisms, 320, training, 332 surrogate keys, switchboard applications, 255 system architectures, system model vs. reality, system overview, documenting, system parameters, defining, 148, design criteria, system goals, system scope, system reports. See reporting system scope, determining, T tables, defining in schemas, task-based architectures, tasks. See also work processes defined, 167 dependencies, determining, identifying, user scenarios, 177 ternary relationships, 20, 47, text length constraints, 290 text values, controls for representing, textbox controls, theta-join operations, thin clients, 211 third normal form, three-tiered code architecture, 198 three-valued logic, timeline, answering questions about, 223 toolbar-based reporting interfaces, 308 tools for databases, 6 9 ToolTips, total relationship participation, 20 21, 47 tracking changes to dimensional databases, tracking user activity, transaction integrity, Transaction Interface layer, transaction tables, 122 transform operator, TRANSFORM statement (SQL), transition integrity constraints, TreeView controls, 270, 281 trigger procedures, 77 tuples, 11. See also cardinality of relationships transition integrity constraints, two-tiered data architectures, type-compatible domains, 19 U UDDTs (user-defined data types), unary relationships, 47, 58 unions, relational, unknown values, 67, update anomalies, 26 Update method, UpDown controls, 283 usability testing, 237 usage scenarios, 177 user assistance, passive mechanisms, proactive mechanisms, 320, reactive mechanisms, 320, training, 332 user-centered design, user-defined data types (UDDTs), user expertise, designing for, , 319 user interface design, 149, consistency, effectiveness of, understanding, 235 empowering users,

11 riordan.book Page 353 Thursday, December 16, :23 PM Index 353 integrity maintenance. See integrity constraints interface architectures, MDIs (multiple document interfaces), SDIs (single document interfaces), work process support, minimizing user workload, 242 models for, 236 prototypes and specifications, for reporting, representing entities in form design, hierarchies, many-to-many relationships, one-to-many relationships, one-to-one relationships, 264 user levels, 238 Windows controls, choosing User Interface layer, 199 user-level security, 217 user scenarios, 177 User Services layer, 198 users, communicating with, V validating data, 200, 276. See also integrity constraints ValidationRule property, 81 value ranges, restricting, , 292 value sets, controls for representing, variable-length character fields, 290 views (SQL Server), 85, violation responses, 76 virtual recordsets, 200 W waterfall model, weak entities, 48 weighted benefit analyses, What s This? tips, WHERE clause, SELECT statement (SQL), 89, 302 Windows controls, wizards, work processes, 72 analyzing, communicating about, defining, 148, defining data objects, documenting, entity effects, determining, supporting with interface architectures, workbook applications, 250 X XOR operator, 87