Views of Database. Dr. M. Anthony Kapolka III Wilkes University

Transcription

1 Views of Database Dr. M. Anthony Kapolka III Wilkes University

2 File System Source: UIT, Second Ed., Williams, Sawyer, Hutchinson, Irwin, 1997

3 File System Source: Discovering Computers 98,Shelly, Cashman, Waggoner, Course Technology, 1998 Hierarchical structure

4 Database System Source: UIT, Second Ed., Williams, Sawyer, Hutchinson, Irwin, 1997

5 Database Advantages Reduces data redundancy Improved data integrity Data becomes application independent Better data access Centralized management, security

6 Database Disadvantages Cost Security Privacy issues Accuracy and completeness

7 Database Structure Hierarchical Network Relational Object Oriented

8 Data Hierarchy Source: Computer Confluence, Beekman, Addison Wesley, 1998 Database Files Records Fields Characters Bits

9 Database Tables Patient Domain Physician Domain Each Table called a Relation Cardinality Row Tuple Attributes Degree

10 Primary Key Identifies each row as unique Involve as few columns as possible SSN not adequate as primary key

11 Normalization... What if a patient moves?

12 Introduce Multiple Relations

13 Database Partitioning Consider DB for a hospital with multiple branch clinics Vertical Partitioning Horizontal Partitioning

14 Database Administrator Designs Tables Maintains DB Writes Queries Source: Discovering Computers 98, Shelly, Cashman, Waggoner, Course Technology, 1998 SQL select patient from tests where PID= K001

15 Hardware can support... Quicker access to data Greater reliability RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks Data striping, Data mirroring

16 RAID Level 0 Data striping across multiple disks - faster I/O No data redundancy Source: MS SQL Server 6.5 Unleashed, Third Ed. SAMS, 1998

17 RAID Level 1 Hardware data mirroring No data striping Source: MS SQL Server 6.5 Unleashed, Third Ed. SAMS, 1998

18 RAID Level 2 Parallel access of disks Bit level interleaving Source: MS SQL Server 6.5 Unleashed, Third Ed. SAMS, 1998

19 RAID Level 3 Parallel access of disks Parity disk enables recovery Source: MS SQL Server 6.5 Unleashed, Third Ed. SAMS, 1998

20 RAID Level 5 Parallel access of disks Parity information striped Source: MS SQL Server 6.5 Unleashed, Third Ed. SAMS, 1998

21 Case Study: STAR Search, Tracking and Registry System Leukemia patients need bone marrow transplant Created 1992 by National Marrow Donor Program Implemented as 5 RDBMS with 125 different tables Linked to over 300 centers in over 30 countries Finds matches quickly; over 60 per month See: Matchmaker, Matchmaker, Computerworld April 10, 1995

22 Case Study: HL7 Standard Most standards are specialized within a field of practice. HL7 was formed to focus on the interface requirements of the entire healthcare organization. Slide Created By: Rich Havard Information from:

23 What is Health Level-7?! Voluntary standard for electronic data exchange in healthcare environments.! HL7 is also the name of the group, founded in March 1987, that publishes the standards.! Accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Slide Created By: Rich Havard

24 What s in a Name Level 7 refers to the highest level of the OSI Model. The developers of HL7 standard are primarily interested in issues associated with the application level Slide Created By: Rich Havard

25 The Scope of HL7 Slide Created By: Rich Havard Image from

26 A Data Warehouse Source: Discovering Computers 98,Shelly, Cashman, Waggoner, Course Technology, 1998

27 Data Warehousing Source: UIT, Second Ed., Williams, Sawyer, Hutchinson, Irwin, 1997

28 Data Warehousing Source: UIT, Second Ed., Williams, Sawyer, Hutchinson, Irwin, 1997

29 Data Warehousing Source: UIT, Second Ed., Williams, Sawyer, Hutchinson, Irwin, 1997

30 Data Warehousing Source: UIT, Second Ed., Williams, Sawyer, Hutchinson, Irwin, 1997

31 Using the Warehouse Source: UIT, Second Ed., Williams, Sawyer, Hutchinson, Irwin, 1997

32 Data Warehouse Sales

33 Conclusion Databases essential Database structure effects utility Hardware design supports software Databases can be mined for metadata