Chapter 11 Section 2! Russia s Birth

Transcription

1 Chapter 11 Section 2! The Russian Empire! Russia s Birth Mountains Carpathian Mountains Ural Mountains Run North & South, divide Asia & Europe. 1

2 Russia s Birth Mountains Carpathian Mountains Ural Mountains Run North & South, divide Asia & Europe. Rivers- Flow to Black Sea Volga (Dniester), Dnieper, Don Russia s Birth Rivers- Flow to Black Sea- ideal for trade Access to Mediterranean Volga (Dniester), Dnieper, Don 2

3 Russia s Birth Rivers- Flow to Black Sea- ideal for trade Access to Mediterranean Volga (Dniester), Dnieper, Don Vistula, Neman and Dvina provide regional transportation links. 3

4 ª 1500 BC - SE Europe inhabited. ª Invade SW Asia ª 400 AD Slavs settle Eastern Europe ª Invaders make Slavs into slaves. ª 800 s Vikings from Scandinavia drove into Eastern Europe. ª Trade was primary interest ª Rivers aid in development of trade routes. 4

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6 Kievan Russia ª Rurik - leader of people called Rus ª 826 AD Control from Novgorod to Kiev ª Kiev- Prospered because of location on trade route ª Russian Capital for 300 years. 6

7 Kievan Russia ª Religion ª Christianity introduced 800 AD ª By 980 Vladimir I sent observers to church services (Hagia Sophia) ª Impressed, admired the rituals of Orthodox Christianity. ª Vladimir I marries Anna, the sister of the Byzantine Emperor Kievan Russia ª Religion ª Christianity 800 AD ª By 980 Vladimir I sent observers to church services (Hagia Sophia) ª Impressed, admired the rituals of Orthodox Christianity. ª Vladimir I marries Anna, the sister of the Byzantine Emperor (Alliances) ª 988 orders all Kievans to convert ª Pagan statues destroyed ª Patriarch in Constatinople chose the bishop of Kievan church ª Religious themes dominate Kievan culture ª Mosaics and Frescoes. 7

8 Kievan Russia ª Yaroslav I ª Also called Yaroslav the Wise ª Great period in Russian History Kievan Russia ª Yaroslav I ª Also called Yaroslav the Wise ª Great period in Russian History ª Built many churches (400) ª Introduce Pravda Russkia 8

9 Kievan Russia ª Yaroslav I ª Also called Yaroslav the Wise ª Marries off his daughters and sisters to the Kings and Princes of Western Europe ª Great period in Russian History ª Built many churches ª Introduce Pravda Russkia ª Pravda Russkia = Russian Justice ª Yaroslav code ª Combines tribal customs with older traditional law. ª Outlines lawful responses in case of violence and other crimes. ª Cornerstone to civilization Kievan Russia ª By 1000 s trade had helped Kievan Russia become a strong and wealthy power ª Kiev and Byzantine empires Trade 9

10 Kievan Russia ª Economy ª Social classes emerge ª Top = Princes, Boyars ª Artisans and merchants ª Peasants - largest and lowest ª Clergy not really government or economic but. l Attacks on Kiev Chapter 11 Section 2 Russia & the Mongols ª Kiev - declined because Kievan rulers gave the outlying towns to their sons to rule independently ª Princes fought among themselves 10

11 Chapter 11 Section 2 Russia & the Mongols l Polovtsy = Turkish people who after 1055 controlled area south of Kiev. ª Interfered with Kiev s trade Chapter 11 Section 2 Russia & the Mongols l Polovtsy = Turkish people who after 1055 controlled area south of Kiev. ª Interfered with Kiev s trade l Kiev also suffered competition from Italian city states new trade routes. 11

12 Russia & the Mongols l Kiev s prosperity declines l Mongols take advantage of Kiev s weakness (Mongols from Russian Steppe area, east of Ural Mountains) l 1240 Mongols had conquered or destroyed almost every city in Kievan Russia. ª Continue on to Hungary - Poland Russia & the Mongols l NOT ON TEST OR BOOK 1240 Mongols had conquered or destroyed almost every city in Kievan Russia. ª Continue on to Hungary - Poland l 1242 Mongols defeat Hungary and Polish Army ª Batu (Mongol leader) calls off attack & returns to Russia for election Batu wants to influence the choice. ª Hungary and Poland thus escape long term Mongol rule 12

13 Russia & the Mongols ª Mongols control Kievan Russia until late 1400 s ª Strong influence on Slavic way of life ª Roads, taxes & communication ª Taxed people heavily ª As long as Slavs paid tax, they kept there Government and customs. ª Alexander Nevsky Novgorod s prince and military hero, advised his fellow princes to cooperate with Mongols. Even helped crush revolts against the Mongols. Russia & the Mongols ª Mongol rule contact with central and western Europe DECLINES! ª 1300 s Lithuania & Poland took territory from Kievan Russia (NOT IN BOOK) ª Kingdom hostile to Eastern Slavs ª Poles converted to Western Christianity ª Slavs kept Eastern Orthodox faith ª This set the Slavs apart from the Poles & Mongols 13

14 Russia & the Mongols ª Rise of Moscow ª Mongol rule weakens ª Princes more independent ª By 1300 s Moscow becomes major city. ª Moscow leader Prince Ivan I ª Mongols award him title of Great Prince in 1328 ª Leader of Orthodox Church moved to Moscow ª Increased power of Moscow 14

15 Rise of Moscow ª Ivan III ª Ivan the Great ª 1480 Ivan III no longer acknowledges Mongols ª Becomes first ruler of independent state of Russia (Absolute Monarch) 15

16 Rise of Moscow ª Ivan IV = Ivan the terrible (NOT ON TEST, CH 21 PG 608) ª years old ª Boyars actually rule ª 1547 Ivan IV takes over Rise of Moscow ª Ivan IV = Ivan the terrible ª years old ª Boyars actually rule ª 1547 Ivan IV takes over ª Thinks of himself as true heir of Roman and Byzantine Empire ª Czar or Caesar = Absolute Power. ª Builds modern legal code ª Renewed trade with the west ª Settles Siberia 16

17 Rise of Moscow ª Ivan IV = Ivan the terrible ª Power and authority of Russian Monarchs ª Laid down the foundation of new Russian state Rise of Moscow ª Ivan IV = Ivan the terrible ª Oprichniki = personal group of Civil Servants ª Arrest Boyars and gave land to Ivan & supporters ª Attack Novgorod and destroy the city ª 1581 murders oldest son = Ivan the terrible 17

18 Growth of Church ª Russian Orthodox church becomes powerful by acquiring land ª By 1500 church was a major Russian land owner ª Becomes more and more independent of Constantinople. ª 1589 Moscow s Church leader becomes Patriarch = Moscow is now center of Russian Church. Growth of Church ª 1453 Constantinople falls ª Removes major source of competition for church leadership 18

19 Growth of Church ª 1453 Constantinople falls ª Removes major source of competition for church leadership ª Moscow becomes 3rd Rome ª 1. Rome ª 2. Constantinople 19