Using Text in Photoshop

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1 Using Text in Photoshop So, we re going to take a break for a while from talking about photographs and how to manipulate them, and instead focus on some design elements! We re going to spend a while talking about how to take those amazing pictures that you all do and turn them into even more amazing books, albums, and press products. To kick things off, we re taking a look at the one thing you ll need to put on any press product: text! Text is one of those deceptively simple parts of a design that people tend to just stick on at the last minute, but it can really make a huge impact on your finished design. (Check the last page of this document for definitions if you don t understand what a certain word is!) First off, let s take a moment to review the text tools, options, and palettes and where to find them. The text tool is the one that looks like this: When you click and hold, the tool brings up a list of options. For most of what we are doing, the first option (Horizontal Type Tool) will be fine. Just as a side note, readability is very important when you put text on a design, for this reason, I highly recommend against using the Vertical Type Tool. Stacking text vertically makes it much harder to read, and often leaves the text looking precariously balanced. Next up, we take a look at the text options on the toolbar: Horizontal/ Vertical Text Orientation Option Font Type Font Weight and Style Font Size Basic Text Alignment Text Color Text Warp The last things we re going to identify are the Character and Paragraph Palettes. You can find these by going up to Window>Character. This should bring up both the Character and the Paragraph palettes, which look like this: Character Palette Paragraph Palette

2 Here s a quick identification of the tools on the Character Palette: Font Size Font Kerning (The space between two individual characters) Stretch Type Vertically Font Style and Weight Font Leading (Space between two lines of type) Font Tracking (The space between all the letters in a block of selected text) Baseline Shift (Shift letters up or down) Language Faux Bold (only use this if the font set you have doesn t include bold) Faux Italic (only use this if the font set you have doesn t include italic) All Caps Stretch Type Horizontally Text Color Strikethrough Underline Subscript Superscript Small Caps And here s a quick identification of the tools on the Paragraph Palette: Justifications (This designates how your text will be aligned. The pictures are helpful guides!) Left Indent (Shifts entire blocks of text to the left) Left Indent (Shifts entire blocks of text to the right) Space After a Paragraph (Changes the amount of space at the bottom of a paragraph) Indent First Line (Only shifts the top line to the left.) Space Before a Paragraph (Changes the amount of space at the top of a paragraph) Hyphenate (Enables or disables the use of hyphens in your text)

3 Here are some basic rules for using type that are generally considered acceptable in graphic design: 1) Stick with a few fonts For the sake of readability, try to chose no more than 2 (at max 3) fonts to use in a piece. Don t forget that most fonts include several options such as Bold, Italic, Condensed, Extended, Book, Light, and more! Using a singly font with some of its many options can be a great way to add variety without adding confusion. Here is an example of some of the flexibility you can achieve with a single font: Myriad Pro Myriad Pro Black Condensed Myriad Pro Condensed Myriad Pro Light Condensed As you can see, using even just a single font can give you great flexibility in look while still maintaining an easier to read and more consistent piece. 2) Use centered alignment only when necessary Centering a paragraph can look cool on a page, but it s another of those sneaky issues that make things hard to read because it forces the reader to work harder to find the start of each line. Centering text works best when you only do it to a few lines. Take a brief look at the two paragraphs below and see which is easier for you to read: Centered Left Justified While the text on the left may have a better balanced feel, the text on the right is easier to read, and with a bit of careful tracking in your text, the right option can look just as balanced as the text on the left. Here you can see how a little effort has turned left justified text into something just as balanced to look at as centered text:

4 3) Be careful with your leading! (Leading is the space between each line of text.) Leading is one quick way to help make a piece feel drastically different and improve legibility. Compare the three different types of leading: Auto Leading Tight Leading Spaced Leading The first is what we re used to seeing when we type. The computer decides how much space there should be between lines, and puts it accordingly. It s fairly legible, and doesn t look bad, but large blocks of text can look intimidating with this sort of leading, and it lends a certain seriousness to the text. The second version uses the same leading size as the font size. (Ex: The font size is set to twelve and so the leading is set to twelve as well.) This is called tight leading, and gives text a heavier more intimidating feel. It also makes text harder to read. The third version has more space between the lines, and lends a lighter and more inviting feel to the text. It also makes the text easier to read. Be careful though! You can get leading too wide. When this happens, it makes the lines seem like they are meant to be read on their own, and makes it much harder for the reader to understand. 4) Don t use display fonts as body text Display fonts are fonts that are generally very ornate, and often meant to be used large and as headlines. When you use these sorts of fonts in body copy, or the main parts of your text, it often makes the text very difficult to read. Here are some examples of display fonts: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

5 The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog As you can see, these fonts get very hard to read in small font, and some are even hard to read in large type. A good rule of thumb for fonts is to take a project you are working on and show it to friends of family that know nothing about the project (or design!). Ask them if they can read the font easily. If not, consider changing the font. If they can t read it easily, it s likely a lot of other people won t be able to either! 5) Be wary of using all caps Using all caps can sometimes seem like a great way to add emphasis, but be very careful of how you use them. All caps have come to have an association with screaming at people, and are generally viewed as a very aggressive way to use fonts. Sometimes all caps can be perfect for a design, just try to use good judgment when finding those perfect moments. 6) Avoid stretching text There is an option in Photoshop to stretch a font horizontally or vertically. This is not just a legibility issue, but also an issue of changing someone s art! 7) Check Copyright Always be wary of fonts you download for free off the internet. Be sure to read the copyright and check that it s usable as a commercial font. A lot of free fonts available are not usable in commercial projects. 8) Make sure color contrast is high enough This can be especially difficult when using type on photography, as multicolored surfaces are harder to find a color that will be visible over all of it. I recommend fading out the photograph behind the text, adding a block of solid color where you want text, or making sure that your text falls in an area of the photograph that is mostly a solid color. These will help ensure that your text has maximum readability.

6 Bad Better 9) Watch your hyphenation Hyphenation happens when a word is too long to fit on one line. As a general rule, hyphenation should be avoided as much as possible, since it is not only less attractive to look at, but also can be disruptive to the flow of reading. Try to adjust the tracking of text lines to compensate for hyphenations, but be careful, tracking letters too close together or too far apart can make them difficult to read and make the paragraph read less smoothly. 10) Catch your widows Widows is basically a funny term for a single word that gets stuck alone on a line at the end of a paragraph. It s generally considered unsightly and ugly to leave these single words, so if you can, adjust the tracking to move the word up, or move some other words down so that the widow will not stand alone.

7 Quick Reference Type Definitions Alignment lining the top, bottom, sides, or middle of the text. Uses: Paragraph alignment, Baseline Alignment All Caps Text done completely in uppercase. Baseline An imaginary line that a line of text sits on. Black A typeface style that is usually heavy. Body Copy The bulk or main portion of a text. Bold A typeface style that uses thicker strokes. Center Alignment Aligning lines of text so that it is centered on a page. Character Spacing (Kerning) The amount of space between two letters. Font A particular style of type that is often used to express a mood. Hyphenate A small dash that appears at a word to indicate that the word did not fit all on one line and the rest of that word can be found on the next line down. Indent Moving a single line or several lines of text in on the right or left side. This is most often seen on the first line of a paragraph. Italic A typeface style that is slanted to the right. Justification The alignment of lines of text where both the left and right sides are flush. Kerning - The amount of space between two letters. Leading The space between two lines of type. Left Alignment Aligning lines of text so that there is a straight line down the left side of the lines. Rag A term for the jagged edge of a particular type style alignment. If txt is left aligned, the right side (the part that is uneven) is called the rag. Right Alignment Aligning lines of text so that there is a straight line down the right side of the text. Tracking The adjustment of the space between individual letters. It applies to a full block of text (as opposed to kerning, which only applies to the space between two specific letters.)

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