The Unicode Standard Version 6.1 Core Specification

Transcription

1 The Unicode Standard Version 6.1 Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. Copyright Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium ; edited by Julie D. Allen... [et al.]. Version 6.1. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN ( 1. Unicode (Computer character set) I. Allen, Julie D. II. Unicode Consortium. QA268.U ISBN Published in Mountain View, CA April 2012

2 Figures Figure 1-1. Wide ASCII Figure 1-2. Unicode Compared to the 2022 Framework Figure 2-1. Text Elements and Characters Figure 2-2. Characters Versus Glyphs Figure 2-3. Unicode Character Code to Rendered Glyphs Figure 2-4. Bidirectional Ordering Figure 2-5. Writing Direction and Numbers Figure 2-6. Typeface Variation for the Bone Character Figure 2-7. Dynamic Composition Figure 2-8. Abstract and Encoded Characters Figure 2-9. Overlap in Legacy Mixed-Width Encodings Figure Boundaries and Interpretation Figure Unicode Encoding Forms Figure Unicode Encoding Schemes Figure Unicode Allocation Figure Allocation on the BMP Figure Allocation on Plane Figure Writing Directions Figure Combining Enclosing Marks for Symbols Figure Sequence of Base Characters and Diacritics Figure Reordered Indic Vowel Signs Figure Properties and Combining Character Sequences Figure Stacking Sequences Figure Ligated Multiple Base Characters Figure Equivalent Sequences Figure Canonical Ordering Figure Types of Decomposables Figure 3-1. Enclosing Marks Figure 4-1. Positions of Common Combining Marks Figure 5-1. Two-Stage Tables Figure 5-2. Normalization Figure 5-3. Consistent Character Boundaries Figure 5-4. Dead Keys Versus Handwriting Sequence Figure 5-5. Truncating Grapheme Clusters Figure 5-6. Inside-Out Rule Figure 5-7. Fallback Rendering Figure 5-8. Bidirectional Placement Figure 5-9. Justification Figure Positioning with Ligatures Figure Positioning with Contextual Forms Figure Positioning with Enhanced Kerning Figure Sublinear Searching Figure Uppercase Mapping for Turkish I Figure Lowercase Mapping for Turkish I Figure Casing of German Sharp S Figure 6-1. Overriding Inherent Vowels Figure 6-2. Forms of CJK Punctuation Figure 6-3. European Quotation Marks

3 xviii Figures Figure 6-4. Asian Quotation Marks Figure 6-5. Examples of Ancient Greek Editorial Marks Figure 6-6. Use of Greek Paragraphos Figure 6-7. CJK Parentheses Figure 7-1. Alternative Glyphs in Latin Figure 7-2. Diacritics on i and j Figure 7-3. Vietnamese Letters and Tone Marks Figure 7-4. Variations in Greek Capital Letter Upsilon Figure 7-5. Coptic Numerals Figure 7-6. Georgian Scripts and Casing Figure 7-7. Tone Letters Figure 7-8. Double Diacritics Figure 7-9. Positioning of Double Diacritics Figure Use of CGJ with Double Diacritics Figure Interaction of Combining Marks with Ligatures Figure Use of Vertical Line Overlay for Negation Figure Double Diacritics and Half Marks Figure 8-1. Directionality and Cursive Connection Figure 8-2. Using a Joiner Figure 8-3. Using a Non-joiner Figure 8-4. Combinations of Joiners and Non-joiners Figure 8-5. Placement of Harakat Figure 8-6. Arabic Year Sign Figure 8-7. Syriac Abbreviation Figure 8-8. Use of SAM Figure 9-1. Dead Consonants in Devanagari Figure 9-2. Conjunct Formations in Devanagari Figure 9-3. Preventing Conjunct Forms in Devanagari Figure 9-4. Half-Consonants in Devanagari Figure 9-5. Independent Half-Forms in Devanagari Figure 9-6. Half-Consonants in Oriya Figure 9-7. Consonant Forms in Devanagari and Oriya Figure 9-8. Rendering Order in Devanagari Figure 9-9. Marathi Allographs Figure Use of Apostrophe in Bodo, Dogri and Maithili Figure Use of Avagraha in Dogri Figure Requesting Bengali Consonant-Vowel Ligature Figure Blocking Bengali Consonant-Vowel Ligature Figure Bengali Syllable tta Figure Kssa Ligature in Tamil Figure Tamil Two-Part Vowels Figure Vowel Reordering Around a Tamil Conjunct Figure Tamil Ligatures with i Figure Spacing Forms of Tamil u Figure Tamil Ligatures with ra Figure Traditional Tamil Ligatures with aa Figure Traditional Tamil Ligatures with o Figure Traditional Tamil Ligatures with ai Figure Vowel ai in Modern Tamil Figure Tibetan Syllable Structure Figure Justifying Tibetan Tseks Figure Phags-pa Syllable Om Figure Phags-pa Reversed Shaping Figure Geographical Extent of the Kharoshthi Script

4 Figures xix Figure Kharoshthi Number Figure Kharoshthi Rendering Example Figure Consonant Ligatures in Brahmi Figure Common Ligatures in Khmer Figure Common Multiple Forms in Khmer Figure Examples of Syllabic Order in Khmer Figure Ligation in Muul Style in Khmer Figure Buginese Ligature Figure Writing dharma in Balinese Figure Representation of Javanese Two-Part Vowels Figure Han Spelling Figure Semantic Context for Han Characters Figure Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model Figure CJK Source Separation Figure Not Cognates, Not Unified Figure Ideographic Component Structure Figure The Most Superior Node of an Ideographic Component Figure Using the Ideographic Description Characters Figure Japanese Historic Kana for e and ye Figure Mongolian Glyph Convergence Figure Mongolian Consonant Ligation Figure Mongolian Positional Forms Figure Mongolian Free Variation Selector Figure Mongolian Gender Forms Figure Mongolian Vowel Separator Figure Tifinagh Contextual Shaping Figure Tifinagh Consonant Joiner and Bi-consonants Figure Examples of N Ko Ordinals Figure Short Words Equivalent to Deseret Letter Names Figure Distribution of Old Italic Figure Interpretion of Hieroglyphic Markup Figure Alternative Glyphs for Dollar Sign Figure Alternative Glyphs for Numero Sign Figure Wide Mathematical Accents Figure Style Variants and Semantic Distinctions in Mathematics Figure Easily Confused Shapes for Mathematical Glyphs Figure CJK Ideographic Numbers Figure Regular and Old Style Digits Figure Alternate Forms of Vulgar Fractions Figure Usage of Crops and Quine Corners Figure Usage of the Decimal Exponent Symbol Figure Examples of Specialized Music Layout Figure Precomposed Note Characters Figure Alternative Noteheads Figure Augmentation Dots and Articulation Symbols Figure Prevention of Joining Figure Exhibition of Joining Glyphs in Isolation Figure Effect of Intervening Joiners Figure Annotation Characters Figure Tag Characters Figure CJK Chart Format for the Main CJK Block Figure CJK Chart Format for CJK Extension A Figure CJK Chart Format for CJK Extension B Figure CJK Chart Format for Compatibility Ideographs

5 xx Figures Figure A-1. Example of Rendering