SMTP Mail. February 14, 2012 Lotus Mail Routing Team IBM Corporation

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1 SMTP Mail February 14, 2012 Lotus Mail Routing Team

2 Welcome Participant Passcode: IBM Corporation 2

3 SMTP: A Brief History SMTP (Simple Message Transfer Protocol) SMTP evolved and became a standard in August 1982 with RCF821 Updated in April 2001 with RFC2821 Again updated in 2008 with RFC5321 (current) ESMTP (Extended SMTP; also referred to as Enhanced SMTP) got its start in1995 with RFC1869 Out of work carrier pigeon 3 3

4 SMTP Mail Routing: The Basics What's needed? MX record PTR Record (for reverse DNS) DNS server SPF record (not required but recommended) What's the role of SMTP on the Domino server? The SMTP task is a listener task. 4

5 What Does the Router Do? Sends NRPC and SMTP mail Polls local MAIL.BOX for messages Determines whether each recipient is local (receives mail on local server) or remote Delivers messages to local recipients Calculates least-cost path to remote (destination) servers Performs MX record lookup for SMTP destinations and will use an A record if an MX record is not found Transfers messages to remote recipients including messages bound for the Internet Performs clean up and removes delivered and transferred messages from MAIL.BOX 5

6 SMTP Server Placement Placement of the Domino server will determine which SMTP inbound settings are necessary. Domino as an SMTP Gateway Behind a firewall (NAT, relay, or DMZ) When Domino is behind a firewall, it is the first hop that should be used for RDNS, SPAM, and name lookup. 6

7 What is the Purpose of the MAIL.BOX? Every Domino server must have a MAIL.BOX database(s) for mail routing to work. The Router scans the MAIL.BOX on the server for new messages and determines what to do with each message. The Router will either deliver them to a mail file on the local server or will transfer them to another server. It is recommended to always start with 2 MAIL.BOX files for mail box failover. This feature was introduced in Domino R6. 7

8 Troubleshooting SMTP Helpful tools to use to troubleshoot SMTP issues: Telnet NSLookup MXToolbox Trace from a Domino server console. Trace uses NRPC over port 1352 for Domino connections. It is also used to see if server names are resolving correctly in DNS. 8

9 Testing Using Telnet Steps for sending mail from Telnet: 1. Open command prompt 2. Type "telnet domain name(xyz.com) 25" and press enter 3. Type "ehlo domain name(xyz.com)" and press enter 4. Type "mail from: and press enter 5. Type "rcpt to: and press "enter" 6. Type "data" and press enter" 7. Type in any text and press "enter" 9. Type ". " and press "enter" 10. Type quit and press enter If successful, mail will be delivered to recipient specified in Step 5. -Please note that the above commands should be entered without the parentheses () or double quotes. 9

10 Using NSLookup NSLookup is necessary to resolve a domain name's MX (Mail Exchange) record To use NSLOOKUP, enter in the following at a command prompt: Nslookup (enter) Set type=mx (enter) Type the domain name (e.g., xyz.com)(enter) Valid MX records for the specified domain will be displayed. Use the the hostname or IP address returned for the mail exchange record. For more on NSLookup, see Technote # : How to use NSLOOKUP to verify DNS 10

11 Troubleshooting Inbound SMTP: An Outline 1)Issue the command show tasks the Domino server console 2)Gather the Delivery Failure Report and any relevant errors seen in the console.log or log.nsf 3)Verify an MX record exists in DNS for your Internet domain. 4)Go to the Basics tab of your server document and locate the field SMTP Listener Task. Ensure the task is enabled. 5)Check to see if any third-party software is configured to listen on port 25 and transfer mail to Domino over another port. 6) If a non-domino gateway sits between the outside world and the Domino environment. Use Telnet to test connectivity to Domino over port 25 from outside the firewall. Step through a complete SMTP conversation via Telnet. Find a workstation inside the firewall and repeat the same Telnet connectivity test. Telnet directly from the physical server to itself. 11

12 Troubleshooting Inbound SMTP -If you are unable to receive SMTP mail from all Internet domains (go to Step 1) -If you are able to receive SMTP mail from some Internet domains or addresses, but not others, go to Step 2. 1)Issue the command show tasks at the Domino console. a.)if you see SMTP Server: Listening for requests on port 25, go to Step 3. b.)if you do not see SMTP Server, go to Step 4. c.)if you see SMTP Server listening for requests on a different port than 25, go to Step 5. 2)Gather the Delivery Failure Report and any relevant errors seen in the console.log or log.nsf. Call Lotus Support, or Lotus Support Online [DONE] 12

13 Troubleshooting Inbound SMTP (continued) 3) Verify an MX record exists in DNS for your Internet domain. Some websites can be used to help with this step. One example is a)if an MX record does not exist, contact your DNS administrator or ISP to obtain an MX record. [DONE] b)if an MX record exists and points to a non-domino server, go to Step 6. c)if an MX record exists and points to a Domino server, go to Step 7. 4) Go to the server document's Basics tab and locate the field SMTP Listener Task. Verify this field is set to ENABLED, then issue the command load smtp at the server console. Go to Step 1. 13

14 Troubleshooting Inbound SMTP (continued) 5) Third-party software may be configured to listen on port 25 and then transfer mail to Domino over another port. Are you running a third-party SMTP listener on port 25? a)yes. Contact vendor support for further troubleshooting as all inbound SMTP will be first directed to port 25. [DONE] b)no. Reset the Domino Inbound SMTP port back to 25 in the Server Document Ports Internet Ports Mail tab. Go to Step 1. 6) A non-domino gateway sits between the outside world and the Domino environment. a)contact vendor support for non-domino server to troubleshoot why it cannot receive SMTP mail. [DONE] b)the gateway is receiving SMTP mail, but unable to transfer to Domino. Go to Step 7. 14

15 Troubleshooting Inbound SMTP (continued) 7)Use Telnet to test connectivity to Domino over port 25 from outside the firewall. Find a workstation outside the firewall. If it is a Windows platform, open a command prompt and type telnet <MX_hostname_or_IPaddress> 25. a)if Telnet connectivity is successful and you see a 220 Domino banner, go to Step 8. b)if Telnet connectivity is successful, but you see a non-domino banner, then go to Step 5. c)if Telnet connectivity fails, then go to Step 9. 15

16 Troubleshooting Inbound SMTP (continued) 8)Step through a complete SMTP conversation via Telnet. For assistance regarding this step, call Lotus Support, or Lotus Support Online a)smtp conversation over Telnet was successful and message was accepted for delivery. Recipient has received the message in the mail file. Domino is working as expected and can accept SMTP mail. [DONE] b)smtp conversation appears to be successful. Domino claims message was accepted for delivery but the recipient never received the message. Go to Outbound SMTP Troubleshooting Step 2. c)smtp conversation fails. If you receive a 4XX or 5XX error message during the exchange of commands, gather the error message and call Lotus Support,or Lotus Support Online [DONE] 16

17 Troubleshooting Inbound SMTP (continued) 9)Find a workstation inside the firewall and repeat the same Telnet connectivity test. a)telnet connectivity is successful. The inbound SMTP problem is likely caused by the firewall blocking inbound traffic over port 25. [DONE] b)if Telnet connectivity fails, go to Step )Telnet directly from the physical server to itself. If Domino is running on a Windows platform, type telnet localhost 25 at the command prompt. a)if Telnet connectivity is successful, go to Step 8. b)if Telnet connectivity fails, call Lotus Support or Lotus Support Online [DONE]. 17

18 Troubleshooting Outbound SMTP: An Outline 1) A Delivery Failure Report returned 2) No Delivery Failure Reports are returned, but the internet recipient never receives the message 4) Message is in a DEAD state in MAIL.BOX 5) Message is in a HELD state in MAIL.BOX 6) Message is PENDING: Issue a "tell router show" command at the server console 7) Check the console.log or Mail Routing Events view in the log.nsf to see if message was transferred to the next hop 8) Message is in a WAIT state. 9) Issue the command "show tasks" at the server console 10) Check the column title "Reason of last error" 11) DNS is unable to resolve the hostname to an IP address 12) Use Telnet to test connectivity to remote server on port 25 (if SMTP) and 1352 (if NRPC) 18

19 Troubleshooting Outbound SMTP 1) If a Delivery Failure Report is returned to the sender, search Lotus Support KB for DFR error message. If not found or still unresolved, call into Lotus Support. [DONE] 2) No Delivery Failure Reports are returned, but the internet recipient never receives the message. Open the MAIL.BOX file on the Domino Server a)if the message has a red circle icon beside it, go to Step 4. b)if the message has a red exclamation point (!) beside it, go to Step 5. c) If the message has no icons beside it, go to Step 6. d) If the message is not in the MAIL.BOX, go to Step 7. 19

20 Troubleshooting Outbound SMTP (continued) 4) Message is in a DEAD state A message will be in a DEAD state when it cannot be routed forward or backward. This can happen when the intended recipient of the original message is unreachable and the Delivery Failure Report fails to send back to the original sender as well. This is typically seen with spoofed sender addresses (SPAM). [DONE] 5) Message is in a HELD state There are only three reasons why a message may be HELD : a) Domino is configured to hold undeliverable mail. (Enabled in the Configuration Settings document under the Router/SMTP, Advanced, Controls tab, in the section Restrict name lookups to primary directory only ) [DONE] b) There is a server mail rule configured to mark particular messages HELD. ( Enabled in the Configuration Settings document under the Router/SMTP, Restrictions and Controls, Rules tab) [DONE] c) Third party products; particularly Anti-Virus software. (This is the most common reason) 2010 [DONE] IBM Corporation 20

21 Troubleshooting Outbound SMTP (continued) 6) Message is PENDING: Issue the command "tell router show" at the server console. a)if message state is WAIT, go to Step 8. b)if message state is BUSY, go to Step 9. c)if message state is RETRY, go to Step 10. d)if message destination is not listed, go to Step 9. 7) Check the console.log or Mail Routing Events view in the log.nsf to see if the message was transferred to the next hop. a)if next hop is a Domino server, go to Step 2. b)if next hop is a non-domino server, then Domino has done its job and the issue is non-domino. [DONE] c)if the message is not seen in the log, call Lotus Support. [DONE] 21

22 Troubleshooting Outbound SMTP (continued) 8) Message state is WAIT Two possible reasons: a) Message is tagged low priority and waiting for the low priority routing time range [DONE] b) Connection document setting shows "Route at once if X messages pending" and the threshold of X has not yet been reached [DONE] 9) Issue the command "show tasks" at the server console a)if there is only one router thread that shows IDLE, call Lotus Support. [DONE] b) All router threads are in a state of "Connecting to..." or "Transferring to...". This can indicate server is simply under high load and mail is waiting for transfer threads to free up from other transfers. [DONE] c) If there is one router thread that shows DISPATCHING, go to Step

23 Troubleshooting Outbound SMTP (continued) 10) Check the column title "Reason of last error" - If it says, "Server not responding", then go to Step If it says,"remote system not a known TCPIP host", then go to Step If it says, No error, then call Lotus Support. [DONE] - If it says, 400 SMTP Protocol Returned a Transient Error, this is typically a network or destination server related. It is recommended you contact your network administrator or the other domain's administrator. [DONE] - If the reason of last error is none of the above, call Lotus Support, or Lotus Support Online [DONE] 23

24 Troubleshooting Outbound SMTP (continued) 11) DNS is unable to resolve the hostname to an IP address Verify that ALL NameServer keys in the registry are populated correctly a) Launch the Registry (Start, Run, and type REGEDIT). b) Look for the Registry key identified as: \HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CURRENTCONTROLSET\SERVICES \TCPIP\PARAMATERS\INTERFACES. c) Confirm "NameServer" string contains the correct IP address for DNS purposes; if it does not contain the IP address, enter it in that field and then restart the Domino Router. [DONE] 24

25 Troubleshooting Outbound SMTP (continued) 12) Use Telnet to test connectivity to remote server on port 25 (if SMTP) and 1352 (if NRPC) - If unable to connect, then this is most likely a network or firewall problem. Please contact your network administrator. [DONE] - If able to connect, Domino may have been given a wrong value from DNS resolving the destination server. Go to Step

26 SMTP Configuration Document Settings Domino as a Gateway Server The following should be enabled in the configuration document: Anti-Relay SPAM Reverse DNS (RDNS) Name Lookup 26

27 Relay and Anti-Relay Features Since Domino R6, the server is locked down and is not an open relay by default. When allowing IP addresses or IP ranges, use square brackets. See Technote # : Router restrictions and controls explained. 27

28 Blacklist Features (Anti-Spam) Settings can help prevent SPAM, but Domino is not a SPAM appliance. Blacklists are dependent on 3 rd party blacklists providers. 28

29 Reverse DNS (RDNS) Enabling this feature performs a PTR record look up against the sender. If the sender does not have a PTR record, the connection is dropped with the informational message: Connection from [xxx.xx.xx.xx] rejected for policy reasons. IP address of connecting host not found in reverse DNS lookup. Setting the error limit limits session errors/mistakes and drops the connection. Helps prevent spammers from connecting over port 25 to your system. Verifying sender's domain in DNS, simply looks up the senders domain in DNS. 29

30 Name Lookup If Domino is not the first hop (SMTP Gateway), it is recommended that the first hop server use LDAP against Domino for verification of recipients in the Domino directory. When this feature is enabled, the SMTP listener will preform a name lookup to validate the address. If the address does not exist in the Domino Directory or Directory Assistance, Domino will drop the connection with the message: 550 No such user. This prevents messages from being deposited in MAIL.BOX. It is also recommended to use Fullname only under Router/SMTP Basics 30

31 SMTP Outbound Controls Primarily used to restrict users ability to send to the Internet. 31

32 Useful Server Commands Tell router dump routing tables (Displays to console routing tables) Tell router show (Displays the message state and threads) Tell router list main (Shows the state of messages in MAIL.BOX files) Tell router display stat (Shows sizes, delivery time, hops ) Sh stat mail (Shows mail routing statistics) Restart task router (Automatically restarts the Router task, or SMTP, POP3, etc) Route * (Routes all pending mail) Sh nlcache reset (Clears the name lookup cache used by the Router) Trace (Domino server name) Tell SMTP update config (dynamically updates saved changes from the configuration document for SMTP) Tell router update config (same as above, but for Router task) Tell router c (preforms in-place compaction that is similar to the 4 am compaction) 32

33 SMTP Reply Codes REPLY CODES IN NUMERICAL ORDER 200 (nonstandard success response, see rfc876) 211 System status, or system help reply 214 Help message 220 <domain> Service ready 221 <domain> Service closing transmission channel 250 Requested mail action okay, completed 251 User not local; will forward to <forward-path> 354 Start mail input; end with <CRLF>.<CRLF> 4xx Temporary errors 421 <domain> Service not available, closing transmission channel 450 Requested mail action not taken: mailbox unavailable 451 Requested action aborted: local error in processing 452 Requested action not taken: insufficient system storage 5xx Permanent errors 500 Syntax error, command unrecognized 501 Syntax error in parameters or arguments 502 Command not implemented 503 Bad sequence of commands 504 Command parameter not implemented 521 <domain> does not accept mail (see RFC1846) 530 Access denied 535 SMTP Authentication unsuccessful/bad username or password 550 Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable 551 User not local; please try <forward-path> 552 Requested mail action aborted: exceeded storage allocation 553 Requested action not taken: mailbox name not allowed 554 Transaction failed REPLY CODES GROUPED BY COMMANDS 33

34 Additional Resources Technote # : Knowledge Collection: Common Lotus Notes/Domino Mail Routing problems List of All Known DNS-based Spam Databases IANA registry of mail parameters includes service extension keywords RFC SMTP Service Extensions RFC Simple Mail Transfer Protocol RFC SMTP Service Extension for Authentication (obsoletes RFC 2554) RFC SMTP and LMTP Transmission Types Registration (with ESMTPA) RFC Message Submission for Mail (obsoletes RFC 4409, which obsoletes RFC 2476) RFC Internet Message Format 34

35 Questions Press *1 on your telephone to ask a question. This presentation and a Q&A transcript from this call will be posted to Technote # ( IBM Lotus Support page 35

36 Legal disclaimer IBM Corporation All Rights Reserved. The information contained in this publication is provided for informational purposes only. While efforts were made to verify the completeness and accuracy of the information contained in this publication, it is provided AS IS without warranty of any kind, express or implied. In addition, this information is based on IBM s current product plans and strategy, which are subject to change by IBM without notice. IBM shall not be responsible for any damages arising out of the use of, or otherwise related to, this publication or any other materials. Nothing contained in this publication is intended to, nor shall have the effect of, creating any warranties or representations from IBM or its suppliers or licensors, or altering the terms and conditions of the applicable license agreement governing the use of IBM software. References in this publication to IBM products, programs, or services do not imply that they will be available in all countries in which IBM operates. Product release dates and/or capabilities referenced in this presentation may change at any time at IBM s sole discretion based on market opportunities or other factors, and are not intended to be a commitment to future product or feature availability in any way. Nothing contained in these materials is intended to, nor shall have the effect of, stating or implying that any activities undertaken by you will result in any specific sales, revenue growth or other results. IBM, Lotus, Lotus Notes, Notes, and Domino are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. Microsoft and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. All references to renovations.com refer to a fictitious company and are used for illustration purposes only. 36

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