<is web> Information Systems & Semantic Web University of Koblenz Landau, Germany

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1 Information Systems University of Koblenz Landau, Germany Semantic Multimedia Management - Multimedia on the - Thomas Franz,, Richard Arndt

2 A Common Scenario... Do you have any recent paper about semantic desktop developments? K-Cap B I attached a paper about a new ontology and integration approach... A C, this paper might be interesting for you C x-cosim.pdf x-cosim.pdf 2

3 Contextualized Information B x-cosim.pdf K-Cap I attached a paper about a new ontology and integration approach... 3

4 Classifying Information K-Cap A 4

5 Communicating B A VoIP 5

6 Goal Definition Integration Automation Information linkage based on RDF No shared semantics for information dealt with across desktop applications Cross-tool information exchange by 1:1 mappings only Scalable solution for mapping application-dependent data models Extensibility and reuseability to new applications Interoperability, rich axiomatization, clear defined meaning Modularization X-COSIM Locked down information that cannot easily be shared and linked across applications Redundant information management Inconsistent data High cognitive effort Legacy Desktops Semantic Desktops This talk This talk Legacy Desktops Prototypes Future/Desired Situation 6

7 Implicit Models and Data Formats Semantics of data hidden in applications` source code Data formats do not define the semantics of what is expressed by them???? 7

8 Narrow Conceptualizations Attachment == Page? Bookmark == Folder? == File? Folder User File Page Attachment Form Bookmark Access Sender Recipient Dir Image 8

9 Narrow Conceptualizations One-to-one conversion of data models to RDF does not resolve issues of conflicting conceptualizations 9

10 X-COSIMO: X-COSIM Ontology High quality reference model that describes information dealt with across desktop applications Uses RDF as flexible data structure that enables information linkage Formulated in OWL 10

11 How to Design a High Quality Ontology? Approach from [Oberle, 2005], [Oberle et al., 2006]: Use a well designed foundational ontology as a modelling basis to avoid shortcomings Foundational ontologies provide Formal precision Domain independence Broad scope Building upon foundational ontologies Prevents easy inclusion of modeling artefacts Reduces conceptual ambiguity Inherit rich axiomatization DOLCE + Ontology of Information Objects (OIO) 11

12 Methodology X-COSIM Narrow Conceptualizations Missing Semantics Legacy Desktops Semantic Data Model + Foundational Ontology Legend Challenge Building Block 12

13 Capturing Contextualized Information Foundational Ontology Context- Dependent Model Folder Sender Recipient Attachment 13

14 X-COSIMO Approach: Representing Aspects Identify core notion of context-dependent concepts Represent them by (sub-)concepts of the foundational ontology Represent domain-dependent conceptualizations wrt context Descriptions & Situations (D&S): Formalization of Descriptions which represent Context 14

15 X-COSIMO Approach Foundational Ontology Communication Context- Dependent Model Attachment Information Object Sender Recipient Agent 15

16 X-COSIMO Walkthrough Communication-Description defines satisfies Addresser Addressee Attachment plays plays Communication-Situation Agent setting Information-Object Semantic-Annotation satisfies setting Particular/Thing plays Semantic-Label-Role plays Annotated-Data-Role Method defines 16

17 Methodology X-COSIM Contextualized Information Representation of Context Narrow Conceptualizations Missing Semantics Legacy Desktops Semantic Data Model + Foundational Ontology Legend Challenge Building Block 17

18 Communication Module Classification of DOLCE ground entities, mainly by roleconcepts defined in a description Concepts: Addresser, Addressee, Message, Ground Entities: Agent, Information Object, Description Role Course Description IM Description Communication Description satisfies DispatchTime Address Communication Role defines Addresser Addressee Contact Message Communication Course modaltarget sequences defines Body Attachment Protocol defines Instant Message Transferred File IM Protocol played-by played-by played-by played-by Information Object Agent Description Information Object Communication Event realizes Communication Situation setting participant-in participant-in Digital Realization 18

19 Realization Module Describing the realization of information objects Distinction between Access-Protocol (e.g. IMAP, File System, HTTP) Identification (e.g. DB-Key, URL, File Path) Serialization (e.g. CSV, PDF, JPEG) Description Role Information Object realizes Realization Description Information Realization satisfies defines Protocol played-by Protocol Description Identifier Particular played-by Realizer Text Format Format played-by Format Description Binary Format Digital Realization LDAP ODBC XML CSV JPEG PDF Executable setting IMAP HTTP Posix MBOX RTF ODF 19

20 Aspects Supported by X-COSIM Modules Filing, Downloading, Modifying, Converting Descriptions and Situations Descriptions and Situations Sharing, Arguing, Explaining Descriptions and Situations Structuring, Summarizing, User-defined Ontologies Descriptions and Situations Creating, Reusing, Copy & Paste 20

21 DOLCE for Developers of Clients? X-COSIM Architecture Map between contextualized representations and the reference model Apps, Domain Models Data Access, Mapping Reference Model, Storage File Manager, Browser, Mail Client, Task Manager, Text Processor,... Dublin Core, Calendar, Foaf,... RDF API X-COSIMA X-COSIMO RDF Store SPARQL Particular Perdurant Abstract Quality Endurant Description Situation 21

22 The X-COSIM API (X-COSIMA) // Create a conversation Conversation conversation = new Conversation(); // bikeimage transferred as attachment between thomas and // Carsten within the created conversation = new (conversation, persona, addressofa, personb, addressofb); .setbodytext("hi B, I attached a paper about "); 22

23 Methodology X-COSIM Intuitive, context aware development interface Conceptual Architecture Contextualized Information Representation of Context Narrow Conceptualizations Missing Semantics Legacy Desktops Semantic Data Model + Foundational Ontology Legend Challenge Building Block 23

24 Resulting Meta Data Communication Aspect B A Realization Aspects Classification Aspect K-Cap 24

25 Example: From File to Conversation 25

26 State of Work Tools: Instant Messenger Thunderbird Plugin (in progress) Extensions for the Konqueror (KDE) File Manager Viewer (LENA) Extension for Tasks, Goals, Plans in progress X-COSIM to be applied in the EU integrated project X-COSIMO and X-COSIMA can be downloaded from 26

27 Thank You. This work was funded by the X-Media project ( sponsored by the European Commission as part of the Information Society Technologies (IST) programme under EC grant number IST-FP

28 Ontology of Information Objects ( OIO ) social-object information-encoding-system interpretedby information-object about realized-by ordered-by expressedby description satisfies agent particular information-realization situation setting 28

29 Methodology X-COSIM Missing Semantics Legacy Desktops Semantic Data Model Barrier Legend Resolution 29

30 Capturing Contextualized Information Contextual information, e.g. the fact that some information can be considered as a person can occur as sender of an should be captured within the reference model Descriptions & Situations (D&S): Formalization of Descriptions which represent Context Descriptions classify DOLCE ground entities within a Situation 30

31 Descriptions and Situations Formalization of descriptions which represent context. Descriptions define Parameters, Roles, and Courses that are used to classify DOLCE ground entities within a Situation defines Parameter Region expressed-by Description Information Object valued-by satisfies Concept Role Endurant Situation Social Object Course played-by sequences Perdurant setting requires 31

32 X-COSIMO Modules Modularized, distinguishing between core aspects of information relevant for PIM Communication (Sharing, Arguing, Explaining) Information Realization (Filing, Retrieving, Modifying) Classification (Structuring, Summarizing) (De)composition (Creating, Reusing) 32

33 X-COSIM Architecture Apps, Domain Models File Manager, Browser, Mail Client, Task Manager, Text Processor,... Dublin Core, Calendar, Foaf,... Applications that build upon contextualized information representations Data Access, Mapping RDF API X-COSIMA SPARQL Mapping between contextualized representations and the reference model Reference Model, Storage X-COSIMO RDF Store Abstract information representation (reference model) and storage 33

34 Methodology 34

35 Realization Pattern e.g. playing the role of an attachment c:\pics\bikeimage.jpg 35

36 Communication Pattern 36

37 Sample Scenario Thomas Carsten c:\my pics\bikeimage.jpg file:/home/carsten/pics/bikeimage.jp g RedBike 2-cylinderengine 37

38 Code Sample... // Create some addresses and agents carsten and thomas Address addresscarsten = new Address("saathoff@uni-koblenz.de"); Agent carsten = new Agent(addressCarsten); Address addressthomas = new Address("franz@uni-koblenz.de"); Agent thomas = new Agent(addressThomas); // Create an information object representing the information given by some image InformationObject bikeimage = new InformationObject("bikeImage"); // Create realization metadata for bikeimage: // Storage on harddisk, Format jpeg FileSystemRealization bikeimagerealization = new FileSystemRealization( bikeimage, new File(new URI("file:/myPics/bikeImage.jpg")), RealModule.I_jpeg); // Create a conversation Conversation conversation = new Conversation(); // bikeimage was transferred as attachment between thomas and // Carsten within the created conversation = new (conversation, thomas, addressthomas, carsten, addresscarsten); .addattachment(bikeimagerealization); .setbodytext("hi Carsten, I attached some image of my new bike :)");... 38

39 Code Sample... // Create a COMMLite content object from the so that it can be annotated using COMMLite ASCIIContent messagetext = new ASCIIContent( carstenreply.getmessageio().getresource().getjavauri(), messagecontentlocation); // Create an ASCIILocalization starting at char 21 and ending at // character This should locate the string "nice bike" in the body ASCIILocalization nicebike=new ASCIILocalization(21, 9, messagecontentlocation); // annotate the part of text specified by the nicebike localization with the bikeimage messagetext.addannotation( bikeimage.getresource().getjavauri(), nicebike); // Carsten annotates the image itself () ImageContent(carstensRealization.getRealizedInformation ImageContent ic = new.getresource().getjavauri(), carstensrealization.tocontentlocalization()); // Carsten annotates the image as a whole with 'SportsBike' ic.addannotation(new URI(" // Carsten annotates a particular polygon with '4-cylinder-engine' ic.addannotation(new URI(" new StillRegionLocalization( new Rectangle(140, 120), carstensrealization.tocontentlocalization()));... 39

40 Requirements Reusability Design a core ontology for any desktop application Extensibility Enable inclusion of further tools contexts Separation of Concerns Clear separation of domain knowledge and knowledge about structure Modularity Enable customization High degree of axiomatization Ensure interoperability through machine accessible semantics Task Manager Photo Manager Semantic Annotation Text Processor Text Descriptor Music Manager Compound Document 40

41 DOLCE Design Patterns: OIO DOLCE is a library of foundational ontologies that provides 2 design patterns (extensions) that are especially important for MPEG-7: Ontology of Information objects (OIO): Formalization of information exchange ( message ) Information object represents pure abstract information Relevance for X-COSIMO: Desktop applications deal with information objects, e.g. messages, files, web pages 41

42 Example Information Object Graz Tourist Guide Information Realization Booklet Information Encoding: English German ( Tower About: Places, Buildings (e.g. Clock Agent: 1. imedia Visitor / 2. Tourist Officer / 3. Graphics Designer Expresses: 1. Walking Path through Graz 2. Small-Size Tourist Guide 3. Arrangement of Illustrations 42

43 Based on DOLCE-Lite-Plus ( OIO ) Ontology of Information Objects ( DnS ) Descriptions and Situations provide a broad conceptual scope and a methodological approach to ontology engineering Modularized, distinguishing between core aspects of information relevant for PIM ( Modifying Information Realization (Filing, Retrieving, ( Explaining Communication (Sharing, Arguing, ( Summarizing Classification (Structuring, ( Reusing (De)composition (Creating, 43

44 Prototypes Current s solve problems partially: Use of RDF + Schema/Ontology language to add semantics to data formats Enable cross-data classifications Task Description Owner Due Date Input Output File Owner Access Rights Mime Type File Size Create Date label:taskx Sender Recipient Body Attachment Date label:eventx Event Tit le Moder at or Par t icipant Locat ion Tim e Topics 44

45 Prototypes Do not support information reuse across applications, only cross-information classification (based on translation of application models to RDF) Lack a methodology for mapping between (semantically) augmented data formats one-to-one mappings that do not scale employed reference models lack a development methodology that enables context representation and extensibility 45

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