The CCITT Communication Protocol for Videophone Teleconferencing Equipment
|
|
- Margaret Fowler
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The CCITT Commuicatio Protocol for Videophoe Telecoferecig Equipmet Ralf Hiz Daimler-Bez AG Istitut ffir Iformatiostechik Tcl / Fax / Wilhelm-R.uge-Str Ulm Abstract Durig the last years, the CCITT has defied the commuicatio protocol for videophoe telccofercclg equipmet. This paper gives a summary ad a survey of the cocepts ad properties of this protocol. 1 Summary I the last years, some effort has bee made to defie a protocol stack which ca be used by differet termial equipmet for audio~ video, ad data trasmissio. This paper gives a summary ad a survey of the recommedatios of the CCITT commuicatio protocol for videophoe telecoferecig equipmet. The described protocol has bee defied durig the last years by CCITT Study Group XV with cooperatio of atioal workig groups. I oe of these workig groups the author represeted the Daimler Bez Research Istitute. To get experiece i the field of videophoe telecoferecig, this istitute has developed ad produced fuctioal models of ISDN videophoes [MAY89]. 2 Goal The quality of trasmitted pictures i a videophoe sessio is strogly depedet o the bitrate which is available for the trasmissio of video iformatio. Sice the pictures become better with higher bitrates, the protocol has to be able to cope with
2 359 bitrates up to the rage of some Mbit/s. O the other had, it must be assumed that i the ear future oly 1 or 2 * 64 kbit/s coectios (by meas of arrowbad ISDN) will be available for most of the edusers. For that reaso, a protocol desiged for both usig 64 kbit/s coectios, ad for workig o higher bitrates, too, is desirable. The goal of the workig groups was to defie a protocol for audiovisual services (e.g. videophoe), which is uiversal usable, i.e. ot specialized for specific etworks. Existig recommedatios, such as G.704, X.30/I.461, etc. should be take ito accout, existig hard- ad software should be usable, ad the realizatio of the protocol should be possible o simple microprocessors. 3 Result The result of the activities is a series of recommedatios. To sum up, some of the more importat properties are listed below. I cotrast to e.g. the ISDN protocol (D chael), this protocol uses ibad sigallig, i.e. user data ad protocol data are trasmitted via oe commo chael The protocol makes it possible to multiplex data (merge data from differet sources ad trasmit them over oe chael), as well as to split data (sed data from oe source over more tha oe chael). It is suitable for applicatio both i etworks sychroized cetrally ad decetrally, ad it is desiged to work i poit-to-poit ad i poit-to-multipoit coectios. The "basic set" of recommedatios for this protocol is represeted i the followig list. 9 H "Framework For Recommedatios For Audiovisual Services". This is a survey of 45 recommedatios, draft recommedatios ad titles for plaed recommedatios, which are defied or have to be defied for audivisual services [CCITTg0f]. 9 tl320 - "Narrowbad Visual Telephoe Systems Ad Termial Equipmet". This recommedatio describes the techical requiremets of termial equipmet to be used for the arrowbad videophoe service. Narrowbad meas: The trasmissio rate is up to 1920 kbit/s [CCITTg0a]. 9 H "Frame Structure For A 64 To 1920 kbit/s Chael I Audiovisual Teleservices". This recommedatio defies the frame structure (sytax ad sematics) used by the protocol [CCITTg0b]. 9 H "System For Establishig Commuicatio Betwee Audiovisual Termials Usig Digital Chaels Up To 2 Mbit/s". This recommedatio defies the procedural aspects of the protocol [CCITTg0c]. 9 H "Frame-Sychroous Cotrol Ad Idicatio Sigals For Audiovisual Systems". This recommedatio describes the exchage of cotrol ad idicatio
3 360 iformatio betwee commuicatio parters usig the frame structure defied i H.221 [CCITT90d]. 9 H "Video Codec For Audiovisual Services At p * 64 kbit/s". This recommedatio describes the codig ad decodig algorithm for movig video. The factor p is i the scope of 1 to 30 [CCITT90e]. 9 G "System Aspects for the Use of the 7 khz Audio Codec withi 64 kbit/s" [CCITT88]. Some defiitios i G.725 form a subset of H.221 ad H.242. For the time beig, some of these recommedatios are beig take over by ETSI (Europea Telecommuicatio Stadards Istitute) ad are adapted to Europea coditios. 4 Videophoe Termial Equipmet The recommedatio H.320 "Narrowbad Visual Telephoe Systems Ad Termial Equipmet" describes the techical requiremets of termial equipmet for the videophoe service with a data trasmissio rate of up to 1920 kbit/s. This recommedatio defies the adequate termial equipmet ad divides it ito several logical blocks. These blocks are defied i their fuctioal behaviour, ad relatios to appropiate CCITT recommedatios (e.g.h.221, H.242, H.230, H.261 ad the series) are give. Other recommedatios which describe termial equipmet suitable for commuicatio with the protocol described i this article, are e.g (System Aspects for the Use of the 7 khz Audio Codec withi 64 kbit/s) ad H.261 (Video Codec For Audiovisual Services At p * 64 kbit/s). 5 Sytax of Protocol Data Uits Recommedatio H.221 "Frame Structure For A 64 To 1920 kbit/s Chael I Audiovisual Teleservices" describes the sytax of protocol data uits. The structure defied i this recommedatio is ot the same as it is used i commo protocols like HDLC. Istead, the octet structure of the trasmissio chaels is used for formig eight subchaels (see fig. 1). Each bit of a octet is part of a differet subchaeh All bits #1 together build the first subchael,... all bits #7 together build the seveth subchael. The eighth subchael is called "service chael". It has a more extesive fuctioality tha the other seve subchaels, ad it has a special iteral structure. Usig a ISDN B chael with a trasmissio rate of 64 kbit/s, each subchael
4 361 provides a trasmissio rate of 8 kbit/s. Besides this "vertical" divisio, there is a "horizotal" divisio: 80 octets (i.e. 80 bits per subchael) form a "frame", 16 succeedig frames form a "multiframe". A multiframe cosists of eight "suhmultiframes" (SMF), each cosistig of two cosecutive frames. The begiig ad the ed of this frame structure withi the octet stream (the "frame aligmet" ad the "multiframe aligmet") are itroduced by the structure of the service chael. The aligmet is ecessary for the correct iterpretatio of received data. The iformatio cocerig the frame limits are coded withi the service chael. For that reaso, the bits cotaiig this iformatio are called "Frame Aligmet Sigal" (FAS, fig. 2). The FAS is costituted by the first eight bits of a frame withi the service chael. For it is also ecessary to kow, whether or ot the commuicatio parter has yet foud the frame- ad multiframe aligmet, each parter uses oe bit (the 'A'-bit) to sigal his state of sychroizatio o the frame limits. Aother fuctioality provided by the FAS is the sychroizatio of multiple chaels. Sice a coectio ca be formed by up to six (ISDN B) chaels, some more sychroizatio steps are ecessary: The delay betwee the chaels has to be hadled, ad the chaels have to be treated i the correct order. For the first, a multiframe couter is used. By meas of this couter, a relative delay of up to +/ secods betwee two 64 kbit/s chaels ca be egalized. For the latter, a chael umberig has bee itroduced. Followig the FAS, the ext bits of the service chael form the "Bit-rate Allocatio Sigal" (BAS). The BAS is used for the trasmissio of iformatio cocerig the capabilities of a termial, ad it is used for sigallig the mode i which the local trasmitter is workig. Furthermore, the service chael cotais the "Ecryptio Cotrol Sigal" (ECS). These bits may, i future, trasmit iformatio regardig ecryptio. If o iformatio about ecryptio has to be trasmitted, these bits cotai user data. User data are also cotaied i bits Procedures of the Protocol Recommedatio H.242 "System For Establishig Commuicatio Betwee Audiovisual Termials Usig Digital Chaels Up To 2 Mbit/s" describes a ibad sigallig protocol. This protocol is used to establish, maitai, ad discoect a coectio ad to react o errors durig these phases. Sice a coectio ca cosist of up to six chaels, there has bee made a distictio betwee the chael which has bee established first ("Iitial Chael") ad all other chaels ("Additioal Chael(s)").
5 362 Each chael has to sed at least sychroizatio iformatio by meas of the FAS, ad user data. The iitial chael has some more work to do: Additioal tasks before ad durig a commuicatio are the exchage of capability iformatio, sedig of commad codes ad maagemet of additioal chaels. While a coectio is established, data for cotrol ad idicatio as described i H.320 ("Frame-Sychroous Cotrol Ad Idicatio Sigals For Audiovisual Systems") ca be exchaged. 6.1 Procedures There are three basic sequeces defied for the protocol which are used as buildig blocks for more complex procedures. All of them make use of the BAS. These basic procedures are: 9 The capability exchage sequece for forcig the commuicatio parters ito a defied state, ad for iformig the commuicatio parter about the ow capabilities (fig. 3). 9 The mode switchig sequece for switchig the receiver of the commuicatio parter to a mode coformig to the ow trasmitter's mode (fig. 4). s The frame reistatemet sequece for chagig the trasmissio mode from a "uframed" format (i.e. without the FAS, BAS ad ECS) back to a framed format (fig. 5). Whe a commuicatio betwee two or more parters starts, the parters have to fid a commo mode for operatio. This commo mode should make use of as much of the termial's capabilities as possible, sice oly i this case all of their facilities ca be used. For this, the mode iitializatio procedure has bee defied. If, durig a coectio, oe of the commuicatio parters wats to chage his trasmissio mode (e.g. from voice to picture), he ca do so by usig the procedure for dyamic mode switchig. It eables him to make use of differet capabilities of the coected termials. Prior to discoectig or to usig special etwork services (e.g. call trasfer), it is ecessary for the coected termials to work i a mode where 3.1 khz PCMO) audio sigals ca be decoded. For this case, the mode 0 forcig procedure has bee defied. I case of errors due to mode mismatch~ the mode mismatch recoverig procedure forces a mode reiltializatio. Also, a set of possbile error coditios ad the reactios o them has bee icluded ito recommedatio H.242. (1) pulse code modulatio
6 Relatio to Network Sigallig The establishmet ad discoectio of chaels caot be achieved by meas of the described ibad sigallig protocol. Istead, etwork sigallig protocols have to be used. I case of a ISDN, this is the D chael protocol. Prior to discoectig a chael, the termials are forced to work i the simplest mode ("mode 0") for beig able to e.g. decode audio sigals comig from a PABX (2). 7 Literature ICCITT88] CCITT SGXVIII; Recommedatio G.725: System Aspects for the Use of the 7 khz Audio Codec withi 64 kbit/s; Melboure: July 1988 [CCITTg0a] CCITT SGXV; Recommedatio H.320: Narrowbad Visual Telephoe Systems Ad Termial Equipmet; COM XV-R 37-E, August 1990 [CCITTg0b] CCITT SGXV; Recommedatio H.221: Frame Structure For A 64 To 1920 kbit/s Chael I Audiovisual Teleservices; COM XV-R 37-E, August 1990 [CCITTg0c] CCITT SGXV; Recommedatio H.242: System For Establishig Commuicatio Betwee Audiovisual Termials Usig Digital Chaels Up To 2 Mbit/s; COM XV-R 37-E, August 1990 [CCITTg0d] CCITT SGXV; Recommedatio ti.230: Frame Sychroous Cotrol Ad Idicatio Sigals For Audiovisual Systems; COM XV-R 37-E, August 1990 [CCITT90e] CCITT SGXV; Recommedatio H.261: Video Codec For Audiovisual Services At p * 64 kbit/s; COM XV-R 37-E, August 1990 [CCITT90f] CCITT SGXV; Framework For Recommedatios For Audiovisual Services; Geeva, July 1990 [MAY89] May, Fraz: Algorithme ud Realisierug eies ISDN-Bildtelefo-Codecs; tz Bd. 42 (1989) Heft3, S (2) private automatic brach exchage
7 I El... I ] I I I ~ ~8bit=l~ I I 1 ~ I 1 I I I I I ] I I I I _A J F I i ] H-- [ I... J ~it 1 ]bit 2 ]bit 3 ]bit 4 ]bit 5 ]bit 6 ]bit 7 ]bit 8_J subchaels 1 7 service chael Fig. 1:H.221 subchaels S U b R e 1 S I Jl S UlUlU S C C h ilil h e I e e 1 III m I 8 S ulu bib h & a i e e I,I I subchael #8 i = service chael 1 octet umber s FAS u 8 b --9- c BAS h a 16 ]-7- ECS 24 e 1 i 80 Fig. 2:H.221 frame structure
8 365 termial X (iitiates sequece) termial Y ay kid of data (e.g. uframed) start timer start ~equece sed data with H.221 framig, se.._.~, c..d capability set sed data with H.221 framig, sed capability set detect capabilities A-bit ;= 0 gai multiframe aligmet gai multi frame aligmet ~ t := 0 complete set of capabilities received time ~time Fig. 3: Successful capability exchage sequece
9 _ 366 termial X (iitiates sequece) ay kid of data termial Y.-.11 Submultiframe~ Submultiframe\ / +l V data with H.221 format adba comm format as specified i ~-vio-us- c-omm validate BAS commad switch to appropiate mode time time Fig. 4: Mode switchig sequece
10 367 termial X (iitiates sequece) termial Y ay kid of dat; ay kid of data X seds i a uframed mode X..._...d.~amdata with H.221 format time time Fig. 5: Frame reistatemet sequece
Elementary Educational Computer
Chapter 5 Elemetary Educatioal Computer. Geeral structure of the Elemetary Educatioal Computer (EEC) The EEC coforms to the 5 uits structure defied by vo Neuma's model (.) All uits are preseted i a simplified
More informationCSC 220: Computer Organization Unit 11 Basic Computer Organization and Design
College of Computer ad Iformatio Scieces Departmet of Computer Sciece CSC 220: Computer Orgaizatio Uit 11 Basic Computer Orgaizatio ad Desig 1 For the rest of the semester, we ll focus o computer architecture:
More informationLecture 28: Data Link Layer
Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) 2. Go ack N ARQ Although the Stop ad Wait ARQ is very simple, you ca easily show that it has very the low efficiecy. The low efficiecy comes from the fact that the trasmittig
More informationSecurity of Bluetooth: An overview of Bluetooth Security
Versio 2 Security of Bluetooth: A overview of Bluetooth Security Marjaaa Träskbäck Departmet of Electrical ad Commuicatios Egieerig mtraskba@cc.hut.fi 52655H ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to give
More informationTable 2 GSM, UMTS and LTE Coverage Levels
6 INDICATORS OF QUALITY OF SERVICE This sectio defies quality idicators that characterize the performace of services supported o mobile commuicatio systems i their various phases of access ad use 6. 6.1
More informationGlobal Support Guide. Verizon WIreless. For the BlackBerry 8830 World Edition Smartphone and the Motorola Z6c
Verizo WIreless Global Support Guide For the BlackBerry 8830 World Editio Smartphoe ad the Motorola Z6c For complete iformatio o global services, please refer to verizowireless.com/vzglobal. Whether i
More informationSERIAL COMMUNICATION INTERFACE FOR ESA ESTRO
Bulleti E708 rev0 7/06/0 SERIAL COMMUNICATION INTERFACE FOR - SERIES FEATURES Supply voltage: 90 40vac Supply frequecy: 40 70 Hz Max. absorbtio: 40W Operatig temperature: 0 50 C Storage temperature: -0
More information1. SWITCHING FUNDAMENTALS
. SWITCING FUNDMENTLS Switchig is the provisio of a o-demad coectio betwee two ed poits. Two distict switchig techiques are employed i commuicatio etwors-- circuit switchig ad pacet switchig. Circuit switchig
More informationK-NET bus. When several turrets are connected to the K-Bus, the structure of the system is as showns
K-NET bus The K-Net bus is based o the SPI bus but it allows to addressig may differet turrets like the I 2 C bus. The K-Net is 6 a wires bus (4 for SPI wires ad 2 additioal wires for request ad ackowledge
More informationUsing VTR Emulation on Avid Systems
Usig VTR Emulatio o Avid Systems VTR emulatio allows you to cotrol a sequece loaded i the Record moitor from a edit cotroller for playback i the edit room alog with other sources. I this sceario the edit
More informationBluetooth Basics. Bluetooth Overview
Bluetooth Basics Bluetooth Overview Wireless techology for short-rage voice ad data commuicatio Low-cost ad low-power Provides a commuicatio platform betwee a wide rage of smart devices Not limited to
More informationCourse Information. Details. Topics. Network Examples. Overview. Walrand Lecture 1. EECS 228a. EECS 228a Lecture 1 Overview: Networks
Walrad Lecture 1 Course Iformatio Lecture 1 Overview: Networks Jea Walrad www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wlr Istructor: Jea Walrad Office Hours: M-Tu 1:00-2:00 Time/Place: MW 2:00-3:30 i 285 Cory Home Page: http://wwwist.eecs.berkeley.edu/~ee228a
More informationAnnouncements. Reading. Project #4 is on the web. Homework #1. Midterm #2. Chapter 4 ( ) Note policy about project #3 missing components
Aoucemets Readig Chapter 4 (4.1-4.2) Project #4 is o the web ote policy about project #3 missig compoets Homework #1 Due 11/6/01 Chapter 6: 4, 12, 24, 37 Midterm #2 11/8/01 i class 1 Project #4 otes IPv6Iit,
More informationChapter 1. Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming. Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1 Itroductio to Computers ad C++ Programmig Copyright 2015 Pearso Educatio, Ltd.. All rights reserved. Overview 1.1 Computer Systems 1.2 Programmig ad Problem Solvig 1.3 Itroductio to C++ 1.4 Testig
More informationIntroduction to Network Technologies & Layered Architecture BUPT/QMUL
Itroductio to Network Techologies & Layered Architecture BUPT/QMUL 2018-3-12 Review What is the Iteret? How does it work? Whe & how did it come about? Who cotrols it? Where is it goig? 2 Ageda Basic Network
More informationAPPLICATION NOTE. Automated Gain Flattening. 1. Experimental Setup. Scope and Overview
APPLICATION NOTE Automated Gai Flatteig Scope ad Overview A flat optical power spectrum is essetial for optical telecommuicatio sigals. This stems from a eed to balace the chael powers across large distaces.
More informationBaan Tools User Management
Baa Tools User Maagemet Module Procedure UP008A US Documetiformatio Documet Documet code : UP008A US Documet group : User Documetatio Documet title : User Maagemet Applicatio/Package : Baa Tools Editio
More information1 Enterprise Modeler
1 Eterprise Modeler Itroductio I BaaERP, a Busiess Cotrol Model ad a Eterprise Structure Model for multi-site cofiguratios are itroduced. Eterprise Structure Model Busiess Cotrol Models Busiess Fuctio
More informationEvaluation scheme for Tracking in AMI
A M I C o m m u i c a t i o A U G M E N T E D M U L T I - P A R T Y I N T E R A C T I O N http://www.amiproject.org/ Evaluatio scheme for Trackig i AMI S. Schreiber a D. Gatica-Perez b AMI WP4 Trackig:
More informationTHE WAY OF CALCULATING THE TRAFFIC AND SIGNALING NETWORK DIMENSION OF COMMON CHANNEL SIGNALING NO.7 (CCS7)
The Way of Calculatig The Traffic... THE WAY OF CALCULATIG THE TRAFFIC AD SIGALIG ETWORK DIMESIO OF COMMO CHAEL SIGALIG O.7 (CCS7) Departeme Tekik Elektro, Fakultas Tekik, Uiversitas Sumatera Utara Abstract:
More informationUsing the Keyboard. Using the Wireless Keyboard. > Using the Keyboard
1 A wireless keyboard is supplied with your computer. The wireless keyboard uses a stadard key arragemet with additioal keys that perform specific fuctios. Usig the Wireless Keyboard Two AA alkalie batteries
More informationICS Regent. Communications Modules. Module Operation. RS-232, RS-422 and RS-485 (T3150A) PD-6002
ICS Reget Commuicatios Modules RS-232, RS-422 ad RS-485 (T3150A) Issue 1, March, 06 Commuicatios modules provide a serial commuicatios iterface betwee the cotroller ad exteral equipmet. Commuicatios modules
More informationChapter 4 Threads. Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles. Ninth Edition By William Stallings
Operatig Systems: Iterals ad Desig Priciples Chapter 4 Threads Nith Editio By William Stalligs Processes ad Threads Resource Owership Process icludes a virtual address space to hold the process image The
More informationOne advantage that SONAR has over any other music-sequencing product I ve worked
*gajedra* D:/Thomso_Learig_Projects/Garrigus_163132/z_productio/z_3B2_3D_files/Garrigus_163132_ch17.3d, 14/11/08/16:26:39, 16:26, page: 647 17 CAL 101 Oe advatage that SONAR has over ay other music-sequecig
More informationPython Programming: An Introduction to Computer Science
Pytho Programmig: A Itroductio to Computer Sciece Chapter 6 Defiig Fuctios Pytho Programmig, 2/e 1 Objectives To uderstad why programmers divide programs up ito sets of cooperatig fuctios. To be able to
More informationImprovement of the Orthogonal Code Convolution Capabilities Using FPGA Implementation
Improvemet of the Orthogoal Code Covolutio Capabilities Usig FPGA Implemetatio Naima Kaabouch, Member, IEEE, Apara Dhirde, Member, IEEE, Saleh Faruque, Member, IEEE Departmet of Electrical Egieerig, Uiversity
More informationOnes Assignment Method for Solving Traveling Salesman Problem
Joural of mathematics ad computer sciece 0 (0), 58-65 Oes Assigmet Method for Solvig Travelig Salesma Problem Hadi Basirzadeh Departmet of Mathematics, Shahid Chamra Uiversity, Ahvaz, Ira Article history:
More informationEnd Semester Examination CSE, III Yr. (I Sem), 30002: Computer Organization
Ed Semester Examiatio 2013-14 CSE, III Yr. (I Sem), 30002: Computer Orgaizatio Istructios: GROUP -A 1. Write the questio paper group (A, B, C, D), o frot page top of aswer book, as per what is metioed
More information. Written in factored form it is easy to see that the roots are 2, 2, i,
CMPS A Itroductio to Programmig Programmig Assigmet 4 I this assigmet you will write a java program that determies the real roots of a polyomial that lie withi a specified rage. Recall that the roots (or
More informationIXS-6600-C IXS-6700-C
INTEGRATED ROUTING SYSTEM PACK IXS-6600-C IXS-6700-C INTEGRATED ROUTING SYSTEM IXS-6600 IXS-6700 IKS-6030M IKS-A6011 IKS-A6015 IKS-A6050 IKS-A6061 IKS-V6010M IKS-V6010SD IKS-V6050M IKS-V6050SD IKS-V6060M
More informationA New Morphological 3D Shape Decomposition: Grayscale Interframe Interpolation Method
A ew Morphological 3D Shape Decompositio: Grayscale Iterframe Iterpolatio Method D.. Vizireau Politehica Uiversity Bucharest, Romaia ae@comm.pub.ro R. M. Udrea Politehica Uiversity Bucharest, Romaia mihea@comm.pub.ro
More informationWeston Anniversary Fund
Westo Olie Applicatio Guide 2018 1 This guide is desiged to help charities applyig to the Westo to use our olie applicatio form. The Westo is ope to applicatios from 5th Jauary 2018 ad closes o 30th Jue
More informationBaan Finance Financial Statements
Baa Fiace Fiacial Statemets Module Procedure UP041A US Documetiformatio Documet Documet code : UP041A US Documet group : User Documetatio Documet title : Fiacial Statemets Applicatio/Package : Baa Fiace
More informationSecurity and Communication. Ultimate. Because Intercom doesn t stop at the hardware level. Software Intercom Server for virtualised IT platforms
Because Itercom does t stop at the hardware level by Commed Software Itercom Server for virtualised IT platforms Ready for VMware Ready for Hyper-V VoIP Ultimate availability Itercom Server as a app The
More informationChapter 3 Classification of FFT Processor Algorithms
Chapter Classificatio of FFT Processor Algorithms The computatioal complexity of the Discrete Fourier trasform (DFT) is very high. It requires () 2 complex multiplicatios ad () complex additios [5]. As
More informationComputers and Scientific Thinking
Computers ad Scietific Thikig David Reed, Creighto Uiversity Chapter 15 JavaScript Strigs 1 Strigs as Objects so far, your iteractive Web pages have maipulated strigs i simple ways use text box to iput
More informationBasic allocator mechanisms The course that gives CMU its Zip! Memory Management II: Dynamic Storage Allocation Mar 6, 2000.
5-23 The course that gives CM its Zip Memory Maagemet II: Dyamic Storage Allocatio Mar 6, 2000 Topics Segregated lists Buddy system Garbage collectio Mark ad Sweep Copyig eferece coutig Basic allocator
More information6053/6055 Modbus Plus Communications Interface
This maual was dowloaded o www.sdsdrives.com +44 (0)117 938 1800 - ifo@sdsdrives.com 6053/6055 Modbus Plus Commuicatios Iterface Techical Maual HA468032U001 Issue 3 Compatible with Versio 1.2 (owards)
More informationAvid Interplay Bundle
Avid Iterplay Budle Versio 2.5 Cofigurator ReadMe Overview This documet provides a overview of Iterplay Budle v2.5 ad describes how to ru the Iterplay Budle cofiguratio tool. Iterplay Budle v2.5 refers
More informationCAEN Tools for Discovery
Applicatio Note AN2086 Sychroizatio of CAEN Digitizers i Multiple Board Acquisitio Systems Viareggio 9 May 2013 Itroductio High speed digitizers fid applicatios i several fields ragig from the idustry
More informationWYSE Academic Challenge Sectional Computer Science 2005 SOLUTION SET
WYSE Academic Challege Sectioal Computer Sciece 2005 SOLUTION SET 1. Correct aswer: a. Hz = cycle / secod. CPI = 2, therefore, CPI*I = 2 * 28 X 10 8 istructios = 56 X 10 8 cycles. The clock rate is 56
More informationIntroduction to Wireless & Mobile Systems. Chapter 6. Multiple Radio Access Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved.
Itroductio to Wireless & Mobile Systems Chapter 6 Multiple Radio Access 1 Outlie Itroductio Multiple Radio Access Protocols Cotetio-based Protocols Pure ALOHA Slotted ALOHA CSMA (Carrier Sese Multiple
More informationChapter 5: Processor Design Advanced Topics. Microprogramming: Basic Idea
5-1 Chapter 5 Processor Desig Advaced Topics Chapter 5: Processor Desig Advaced Topics Topics 5.3 Microprogrammig Cotrol store ad microbrachig Horizotal ad vertical microprogrammig 5- Chapter 5 Processor
More informationThreads and Concurrency in Java: Part 1
Cocurrecy Threads ad Cocurrecy i Java: Part 1 What every computer egieer eeds to kow about cocurrecy: Cocurrecy is to utraied programmers as matches are to small childre. It is all too easy to get bured.
More informationGuide to Applying Online
Guide to Applyig Olie Itroductio Respodig to requests for additioal iformatio Reportig: submittig your moitorig or ed of grat Pledges: submittig your Itroductio This guide is to help charities submit their
More informationAdaptive Graph Partitioning Wireless Protocol S. L. Ng 1, P. M. Geethakumari 1, S. Zhou 2, and W. J. Dewar 1 1
Adaptive Graph Partitioig Wireless Protocol S. L. Ng 1, P. M. Geethakumari 1, S. Zhou 2, ad W. J. Dewar 1 1 School of Electrical Egieerig Uiversity of New South Wales, Australia 2 Divisio of Radiophysics
More informationSession Initiated Protocol (SIP) and Message-based Load Balancing (MBLB)
F5 White Paper Sessio Iitiated Protocol (SIP) ad Message-based Load Balacig (MBLB) The ability to provide ew ad creative methods of commuicatios has esured a SIP presece i almost every orgaizatio. The
More informationThreads and Concurrency in Java: Part 1
Threads ad Cocurrecy i Java: Part 1 1 Cocurrecy What every computer egieer eeds to kow about cocurrecy: Cocurrecy is to utraied programmers as matches are to small childre. It is all too easy to get bured.
More informationChapter 4 The Datapath
The Ageda Chapter 4 The Datapath Based o slides McGraw-Hill Additioal material 24/25/26 Lewis/Marti Additioal material 28 Roth Additioal material 2 Taylor Additioal material 2 Farmer Tae the elemets that
More informationLoad balanced Parallel Prime Number Generator with Sieve of Eratosthenes on Cluster Computers *
Load balaced Parallel Prime umber Geerator with Sieve of Eratosthees o luster omputers * Soowook Hwag*, Kyusik hug**, ad Dogseug Kim* *Departmet of Electrical Egieerig Korea Uiversity Seoul, -, Rep. of
More informationAppendix D. Controller Implementation
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN The Hardware/Software Iterface 5 th Editio Appedix D Cotroller Implemetatio Cotroller Implemetatios Combiatioal logic (sigle-cycle); Fiite state machie (multi-cycle, pipelied);
More informationPanel for Adobe Premiere Pro CC Partner Solution
Pael for Adobe Premiere Pro CC Itegratio for more efficiecy The makes video editig simple, fast ad coveiet. The itegrated pael gives users immediate access to all medialoopster features iside Adobe Premiere
More informationEE 459/500 HDL Based Digital Design with Programmable Logic. Lecture 13 Control and Sequencing: Hardwired and Microprogrammed Control
EE 459/500 HDL Based Digital Desig with Programmable Logic Lecture 13 Cotrol ad Sequecig: Hardwired ad Microprogrammed Cotrol Refereces: Chapter s 4,5 from textbook Chapter 7 of M.M. Mao ad C.R. Kime,
More informationMOTIF XF Extension Owner s Manual
MOTIF XF Extesio Ower s Maual Table of Cotets About MOTIF XF Extesio...2 What Extesio ca do...2 Auto settig of Audio Driver... 2 Auto settigs of Remote Device... 2 Project templates with Iput/ Output Bus
More informationThe isoperimetric problem on the hypercube
The isoperimetric problem o the hypercube Prepared by: Steve Butler November 2, 2005 1 The isoperimetric problem We will cosider the -dimesioal hypercube Q Recall that the hypercube Q is a graph whose
More informationL5355 Modbus Plus Communications Interface
L5355 Modbus Plus Commuicatios Iterface Techical Maual HA470897 Issue 2 Copyright SSD Drives Ic 2005 All rights strictly reserved. No part of this documet may be stored i a retrieval system, or trasmitted
More informationArchitectural styles for software systems The client-server style
Architectural styles for software systems The cliet-server style Prof. Paolo Ciacarii Software Architecture CdL M Iformatica Uiversità di Bologa Ageda Cliet server style CS two tiers CS three tiers CS
More informationReliable Transmission. Spring 2018 CS 438 Staff - University of Illinois 1
Reliable Trasmissio Sprig 2018 CS 438 Staff - Uiversity of Illiois 1 Reliable Trasmissio Hello! My computer s ame is Alice. Alice Bob Hello! Alice. Sprig 2018 CS 438 Staff - Uiversity of Illiois 2 Reliable
More informationCode Review Defects. Authors: Mika V. Mäntylä and Casper Lassenius Original version: 4 Sep, 2007 Made available online: 24 April, 2013
Code Review s Authors: Mika V. Mätylä ad Casper Lasseius Origial versio: 4 Sep, 2007 Made available olie: 24 April, 2013 This documet cotais further details of the code review defects preseted i [1]. of
More informationPerformance Plus Software Parameter Definitions
Performace Plus+ Software Parameter Defiitios/ Performace Plus Software Parameter Defiitios Chapma Techical Note-TG-5 paramete.doc ev-0-03 Performace Plus+ Software Parameter Defiitios/2 Backgroud ad Defiitios
More information6.854J / J Advanced Algorithms Fall 2008
MIT OpeCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 6.854J / 18.415J Advaced Algorithms Fall 2008 For iformatio about citig these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 18.415/6.854 Advaced Algorithms
More informationCHAPTER IV: GRAPH THEORY. Section 1: Introduction to Graphs
CHAPTER IV: GRAPH THEORY Sectio : Itroductio to Graphs Sice this class is called Number-Theoretic ad Discrete Structures, it would be a crime to oly focus o umber theory regardless how woderful those topics
More informationExtending The Sleuth Kit and its Underlying Model for Pooled Storage File System Forensic Analysis
Extedig The Sleuth Kit ad its Uderlyig Model for Pooled File System Foresic Aalysis Frauhofer Istitute for Commuicatio, Iformatio Processig ad Ergoomics Ja-Niclas Hilgert* Marti Lambertz Daiel Plohma ja-iclas.hilgert@fkie.frauhofer.de
More informationΣ P(i) ( depth T (K i ) + 1),
EECS 3101 York Uiversity Istructor: Ady Mirzaia DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING: OPIMAL SAIC BINARY SEARCH REES his lecture ote describes a applicatio of the dyamic programmig paradigm o computig the optimal static
More informationGraphs. Minimum Spanning Trees. Slides by Rose Hoberman (CMU)
Graphs Miimum Spaig Trees Slides by Rose Hoberma (CMU) Problem: Layig Telephoe Wire Cetral office 2 Wirig: Naïve Approach Cetral office Expesive! 3 Wirig: Better Approach Cetral office Miimize the total
More informationTask scenarios Outline. Scenarios in Knowledge Extraction. Proposed Framework for Scenario to Design Diagram Transformation
6-0-0 Kowledge Trasformatio from Task Scearios to View-based Desig Diagrams Nima Dezhkam Kamra Sartipi {dezhka, sartipi}@mcmaster.ca Departmet of Computig ad Software McMaster Uiversity CANADA SEKE 08
More informationA Taste of Maya. Character Setup
This tutorial goes through the steps to add aimatio cotrols to a previously modeled character. The character i the scee below is wearig clothes made with Cloth ad the sceery has bee created with Pait Effects.
More informationThroughput-Delay Scaling in Wireless Networks with Constant-Size Packets
Throughput-Delay Scalig i Wireless Networks with Costat-Size Packets Abbas El Gamal, James Mamme, Balaji Prabhakar, Devavrat Shah Departmets of EE ad CS Staford Uiversity, CA 94305 Email: {abbas, jmamme,
More informationSystem Overview. Hardware Concept. s Introduction to the Features of MicroAutoBox t
s Itroductio to the Features of MicroAutoBox t System Overview Objective Where to go from here dspace provides the MicroAutoBox i differet variats. This sectio gives you a overview o the MicroAutoBox's
More informationCustomer Portal Quick Reference User Guide
Customer Portal Quick Referece User Guide Overview This user guide is iteded for FM Approvals customers usig the Approval Iformatio Maagemet (AIM) customer portal to track their active projects. AIM is
More informationCopyright 2016 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe
Copyright 2016 Ramez Elmasri ad Shamkat B. Navathe CHAPTER 19 Query Optimizatio Copyright 2016 Ramez Elmasri ad Shamkat B. Navathe Itroductio Query optimizatio Coducted by a query optimizer i a DBMS Goal:
More informationOperating manual for message text display reporter 680
1.95.2. (ed 4.95) Operatig maual for message text display reporter 680 ! Attetio: Read this! Dear customer, the maufacturer is ot liable for ay damage caused as a result of o-observace of the operatig
More informationCommunication methods. Communication methods. Communication methods. Dimensions to consider. Waveform
Commuicatio methods Commuicatio methods Media ad sigalig covetios used to trasmit data betwee digital devices Differet physical layers methods icludig: wires, radio freuecy (RF), optical (IR, fiber) Differet
More informationIMP: Superposer Integrated Morphometrics Package Superposition Tool
IMP: Superposer Itegrated Morphometrics Package Superpositio Tool Programmig by: David Lieber ( 03) Caisius College 200 Mai St. Buffalo, NY 4208 Cocept by: H. David Sheets, Dept. of Physics, Caisius College
More informationLecture 10 Collision resolution. Collision resolution
Lecture 10 Collisio resolutio Collisio resolutio May applicatios ivolve a iquiry over a shared chael, which ca be ivoked for: discovery of eighborig devices i ad hoc etworks, coutig the umber of RFID tags
More informationNext generation IP- based multimedia services on cable TV networks
Iteratioal Telecommuicatio Uio Next geeratio IP- based multimedia services o cable TV etworks Volker Leisse ECCA Pre - coferece draft ITU-T Workshop All Star Network Access Geeva, 2-4 Jue 2004 Outlie o
More information3.1 Overview of MySQL Programs. These programs are discussed further in Chapter 4, Database Administration. Client programs that access the server:
3 Usig MySQL Programs This chapter provides a brief overview of the programs provided by MySQL AB ad discusses how to specify optios whe you ru these programs. Most programs have optios that are specific
More informationCommunication methods. Communication methods. Communication methods. Dimensions to consider. Waveform
Commuicatio methods Commuicatio methods Media ad sigalig covetios used to trasmit data betwee digital devices Differet physical layers methods icludig: wires, radio freuecy (RF), optical (IR, fiber) Differet
More information% Sun Logo for. X3T10/95-229, Revision 0. April 18, 1998
Su Microsystems, Ic. 2550 Garcia Aveue Moutai View, CA 94045 415 960-1300 X3T10/95-229, Revisio 0 April 18, 1998 % Su Logo for Joh Lohmeyer Chairperso, X3T10 Symbios Logic Ic. 1635 Aeroplaza Drive Colorado
More informationDesign of efficient, virtual non-blocking optical switches
Desig of efficiet, virtual o-blockig otical switches Larry F. Lid, Michael Sratt Mobile Systems ad Services Laboratory HP Laboratories Bristol HPL-200-239 March 3 th, 2002* otical switchig, switch desig
More informationA Key Distribution method for Reducing Storage and Supporting High Level Security in the Large-scale WSN
Iteratioal Joural of Digital Cotet Techology ad its Applicatios Vol. 2 No 1, March 2008 A Key Distributio method for Reducig Storage ad Supportig High Level Security i the Large-scale WSN Yoo-Su Jeog *1,
More informationChapter 9. Pointers and Dynamic Arrays. Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Chapter 9 Poiters ad Dyamic Arrays Copyright 2015 Pearso Educatio, Ltd.. All rights reserved. Overview 9.1 Poiters 9.2 Dyamic Arrays Copyright 2015 Pearso Educatio, Ltd.. All rights reserved. Slide 9-3
More informationL I N U X. Unit 6 S Y S T E M DHCP & DNS (BIND) A D M I N I S T R A T I O n DPW
it 6 HCP & (B) oa Warre HCP ervice yamically assigs a P address to requestig machies P addresses are leased scope of addresses ca be assiged or excluded from assigmet HCP servers do ot talk to each other
More informationB-Client PDC6. Manual /2013 EN
B-Cliet PDC6 Maual 04043881-02/2013 EN Copyright by Kaba GmbH Workforce Maagemet Albertistraße 3 D-78056 Villige-Schweige Phoe +49 7720/603-0 Fax +49 7720/603-102 www.kaba.com/workforce-maagemet All rights
More information9.1. Sequences and Series. Sequences. What you should learn. Why you should learn it. Definition of Sequence
_9.qxd // : AM Page Chapter 9 Sequeces, Series, ad Probability 9. Sequeces ad Series What you should lear Use sequece otatio to write the terms of sequeces. Use factorial otatio. Use summatio otatio to
More informationCOSC 1P03. Ch 7 Recursion. Introduction to Data Structures 8.1
COSC 1P03 Ch 7 Recursio Itroductio to Data Structures 8.1 COSC 1P03 Recursio Recursio I Mathematics factorial Fiboacci umbers defie ifiite set with fiite defiitio I Computer Sciece sytax rules fiite defiitio,
More informationCIS 121 Data Structures and Algorithms with Java Spring Stacks, Queues, and Heaps Monday, February 18 / Tuesday, February 19
CIS Data Structures ad Algorithms with Java Sprig 09 Stacks, Queues, ad Heaps Moday, February 8 / Tuesday, February 9 Stacks ad Queues Recall the stack ad queue ADTs (abstract data types from lecture.
More informationCOMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN The Hardware/Software Interface. Chapter 4. The Processor. Part A Datapath Design
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN The Hardware/Software Iterface 5 th Editio Chapter The Processor Part A path Desig Itroductio CPU performace factors Istructio cout Determied by ISA ad compiler. CPI ad
More informationDETECTION OF LANDSLIDE BLOCK BOUNDARIES BY MEANS OF AN AFFINE COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION
Proceedigs, 11 th FIG Symposium o Deformatio Measuremets, Satorii, Greece, 2003. DETECTION OF LANDSLIDE BLOCK BOUNDARIES BY MEANS OF AN AFFINE COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION Michaela Haberler, Heribert Kahme
More informationA PREDICTION MODEL FOR USER S SHARE ANALYSIS IN DUAL- SIM ENVIRONMENT
GSJ: Computer Sciece ad Telecommuicatios 03 No.3(39) ISSN 5-3 A PRDICTION MODL FOR USR S SHAR ANALYSIS IN DUAL- SIM NVIRONMNT Thakur Sajay, Jai Parag Orietal Uiversity, Idore, Idia sajaymca00@yahoo.com
More informationCopyright 2010, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Computer Networks: A Systems Approach, 5e Larry L. Peterso ad Bruce S. Davie (Subset of topics) Gettig Coected Framig Error Detectio. Reliable Trasmissio Sharig: Etheret ad Multiple Access Networks, Wireless
More informationSecure Software Upload in an Intelligent Vehicle via Wireless Communication Links
Secure Software Upload i a Itelliget Vehicle via Wireless Commuicatio Liks Syed Masud Mahmud, Member, IEEE, Shobhit Shaker, Studet Member, IEEE Iria Hossai, Studet Member, IEEE Abstract The demad for drive-by-wire,
More informationOperating manual for message text display reporter 690
1.95.3 (ed 4.95) Operatig maual for message text display reporter 690 ! Attetio: Read this! Dear customer, the maufacturer is ot liable for ay damage caused as a result of o-observace of the operatig maual.
More informationData diverse software fault tolerance techniques
Data diverse software fault tolerace techiques Complemets desig diversity by compesatig for desig diversity s s limitatios Ivolves obtaiig a related set of poits i the program data space, executig the
More informationBehavioral Modeling in Verilog
Behavioral Modelig i Verilog COE 202 Digital Logic Desig Dr. Muhamed Mudawar Kig Fahd Uiversity of Petroleum ad Mierals Presetatio Outlie Itroductio to Dataflow ad Behavioral Modelig Verilog Operators
More informationStatistical Performance Analysis Routing Algorithms for Wimax - Wi-Fi Integrated Heterogeneous Network
Vol.3, Issue.2, March-April. 2013 pp-1032-1037 ISSN: 2249-6645 Statistical Performace Aalysis Routig Algorithms for Wimax - Wi-Fi Itegrated Heterogeeous Network Poulomi Das, 1 Aridam Baerjee, 2 Prof. Siladitya
More informationHash Tables. Presentation for use with the textbook Algorithm Design and Applications, by M. T. Goodrich and R. Tamassia, Wiley, 2015.
Presetatio for use with the textbook Algorithm Desig ad Applicatios, by M. T. Goodrich ad R. Tamassia, Wiley, 2015 Hash Tables xkcd. http://xkcd.com/221/. Radom Number. Used with permissio uder Creative
More informationTransitioning to BGP
Trasitioig to BGP ISP Workshops These materials are licesed uder the Creative Commos Attributio-NoCommercial 4.0 Iteratioal licese (http://creativecommos.org/liceses/by-c/4.0/) Last updated 24 th April
More informationWeb OS Switch Software
Web OS Switch Software BBI Quick Guide Nortel Networks Part Number: 213164, Revisio A, July 2000 50 Great Oaks Boulevard Sa Jose, Califoria 95119 408-360-5500 Mai 408-360-5501 Fax www.orteletworks.com
More informationAPPLICATION NOTE PACE1750AE BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS
APPLICATION NOTE PACE175AE BUILT-IN UNCTIONS About This Note This applicatio brief is iteded to explai ad demostrate the use of the special fuctios that are built ito the PACE175AE processor. These powerful
More information