Digital Data. 10/11/2011 Prepared by: Khuzaima Jallad

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1 Chapter 2

2 Digital Data Elements of Digital Data Digital Codes Files Digitization File Compression Advantages of Digital Information Challenges of Digital Information 2

3 Digital Data ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL DATA SYMBOL Are representation or stand-ins, for something else. Groups of letters often serve as symbols of words, as they do on this page. 3

4 Digital Data ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL DATA DATA Data is Information that has been organized and categorized for a pre determined purpose. Such as measurements, observations, facts, beliefs and the like. 4

5 Digital Data ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL DATA INFORMATION Is data made useful, data interpreted and applied to produce understanding. The amount of data that is comprehended by the recipient is proportional to the amount of knowledge acquired. 5

6 Digital Data ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL DATA DIGITAL AND ANALOG Digital Data represented as discrete and discontinuous binary digits, as opposed to analog data which exists in continuous and variable form such as voltage, pressure, etc. 6

7 Digital Codes DIGITAL CODES BITS A unit of measurement of information (from binary + digit); the amount of information in a system having two equiprobable states; "there are 8 bits in a byte" 7

8 Digital Codes DIGITAL CODES BYTES A sequence of adjacent bits, almost always eight, operated on as a unit by a computer; can represent an integer from 0 to 255, a pair of hexadecimal digits each from 0 to F, a pair of packed decimal digits each from 0 to 9, a packed decimal digit and a sign or a single character. 8

9 Digital Codes DIGITAL CODES ASCII CODES' Dec Cha r Dec Cha r Dec Cha r Dec Cha r Dec Cha r Dec Cha r 33! A 81 Q 97 a 113 q 34 " B 82 R 98 b 114 r 35 # C 83 S 99 c 115 s 36 $ D 84 T 100 d 116 t 37 % E 85 U 101 e 117 u 38 & F 86 V 102 f 118 v 39 ' G 87 W 103 g 119 w 40 ( H 88 X 104 h 120 x 41 ) I 89 Y 105 i 121 y 42 * 58 : 74 J 90 Z 106 j 122 z ; 75 K 91 [ 107 k 123 { 44, 60 < 76 L 92 \ 108 l = 77 M 93 ] 109 m 125 } The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (acronym: ASCII;, ) is a characterencoding scheme based on the ordering of the English alphabet. ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text > 78 N 94 ^ 110 n 126 ~ 47 / 63? 79 O 95 _ 111 o 127 _ P 96 ` 112 p 9

10 Digital Files DIGITAL FILES FILE A computer file is a block of arbitrary information, or resource for storing information, which is available to a computer program and is usually based on some kind of durable storage. 10

11 Digital Files DIGITAL FILES FILE SIZE File size measures the size of a computer file. Typically it is measured in bytes with a prefix. The actual amount of disk space consumed by the file depends on the file system. 11

12 Digital Files DIGITAL FILES FILE EXTENSION A filename extension is a suffix to the name of a computer file applied to indicate the encoding convention (file format) of its contents. (exp).ai Adobe Illustrator.avi Widows video.bmp BMP graphic.gif GIF graphic.jpg JPEG graphic.mov QuickTime movie.psd Photoshop image.wav Window audio 12

13 Digital Files DIGITAL FILES FILE COMPATIBILITY Different computer systems use different platforms, use different hardware and software. As a result, a file that can be read and processed on one computer platform, such as Windows PC, often cannot be used in on another, such as a Macintosh. 13

14 Digital Files DIGITAL FILES FILE CONVERSION Data conversion is the conversion of computer data from one format to another. Throughout a computer environment, data is encoded in a variety of ways. 14

15 Digital Files DIGITAL FILES FILE MAINTENANCE The application of records management principles and techniques to filing practices in order to maintain records properly, retrieve them with efficiency, ensure their integrity, and make their regular disposition more practical. 15

16 Digitization DIGITAL FILES DIGITIZATION Digitizing or digitization is the representation of an object, image, sound, document or a signal (usually an analog signal) by a discrete set of its points or samples. Strictly speaking, digitizing means simply capturing an analog signal in digital form. 16

17 Digitization DIGITIZATION SAMPLING Sampling is the process of analyzing a small element of an image or sound and representing that element in a digital code. 17

18 File Compression FILE COMPRESSION SAMPLING Condensing a file so it takes up less space. 18

19 File Compression FILE COMPRESSION LOSSLESS A compression algorithm that reduces the storage space needed for an image file without real loss of data. The uncompressed image can be reconstructed to be identical to the original. Continuoustone images will on the average be reduced to half the original size. 19

20 File Compression FILE COMPRESSION LOSSY Lossy compression uses algorithms designed to compress the file by selectively removing portions of the images. The portions that are removed are the details that the human eye does not pick out very well, so it usually does a good job of removing data. -mp3 -mpeg1 -mpeg2 -mpeg4 20

21 Advantages of Digital Information ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL INFORMATION REPRODUCTION Digital information can be preserved in its original form with no loss to quality. However, analog data such as videotapes, do not preserver the quality form master to source (copy). 21

22 Advantages of Digital Information ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL INFORMATION EDITING Digital editing is easy, fast and reliable. If a mistake is made, it can easily undone. However, in analog editing, it is expensive and time consuming when you make a mistake 22

23 Advantages of Digital Information ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL INFORMATION INTEGRATION The integration of different media into a common digital format allowing access of stored information by a single device. The digital computer has transformed multi-media into a sort of unimedia with digital code as its common language. 23

24 Advantages of Digital Information ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION The beginning of the 21 st century, the future of all media was digital. Major steps are being taken to transforming a wide range of analog images, video, audio into digital format which in turn can be accessed by all. 24

25 Digital Challenges DIGITAL CHALLENGES FILE SIZES The importance of compression of dynamic media, such as video and audio is a challenge which is now being tackled. The emergence of MPEG2 compression, amongst others will inevitably allow users the opportunity to view movies on their PC s. 25

26 Digital Challenges DIGITAL CHALLENGES PROCESSOR DEMAND Processor speed is another challenge that needs tackling. The time it takes to process a 3D images and render them is very lengthy and may take ours. The need for more speed is foreseeable. 26

27 Digital Challenges DIGITAL CHALLENGES STANDARDIZATION It is imperative that software companies start to standardize their data formats. The absence of a common standard fragments to multimedia market and discourages the development of knew applications. 27

28 Digital Challenges DIGITAL CHALLENGES BANDWIDTH The importance of increasing bandwidth will help facilitate the distribution of digital multimedia. 28

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