Robust Video Coding. Heechan Park. Signal and Image Processing Group Computer Science Department University of Warwick. for CS403

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1 Robust Video Coding for CS403 Heechan Park Signal and Image Processing Group Computer Science Department University of Warwick

2 Standard Video Coding Scalable Video Coding Distributed Video Coding

3 Video Coding Compression! Video recording with 1M pixel cam [ 1 Mega pixel x 1Byte x 30frame ] / sec

4 frame 1 frame 2 frame 7 JPEG coding for each frame? Not efficient way, only slight change frame to frame

5 How to compress video Motion estimation / compensation Residual Coding

6 Sender ----> Receiver Encoding Channel Decoding

7 Sender ----> Receiver Encoding Channel Decoding current frame

8 Sender ----> Receiver Encoding Channel Decoding current frame

9 Sender ----> Receiver Encoding Previous frame Channel Decoding current frame

10 Sender ----> Receiver Encoding Previous frame Channel Decoding Motion Estimation / Compensation current frame

11 Sender ----> Receiver Encoding Previous frame Channel Decoding Motion Estimation / Compensation current frame

12 Sender ----> Receiver Encoding Previous frame Channel Decoding Motion Estimation / Compensation current frame

13 Sender ----> Receiver Encoding Previous frame Channel Decoding Motion Estimation / Compensation Prediction current frame

14 Sender ----> Receiver Encoding Previous frame Channel Decoding Motion Estimation / Compensation Prediction current frame

15 Sender ----> Receiver Encoding Previous frame Channel Decoding Motion Estimation / Compensation Prediction current frame

16 Sender ----> Receiver Encoding Previous frame Channel Decoding Motion Estimation / Compensation Prediction current frame

17 Sender ----> Receiver Encoding Previous frame Channel Decoding Motion Estimation / Compensation Prediction current frame

18 Sender ----> Receiver Encoding Previous frame Channel Decoding Motion Estimation / Compensation Prediction current frame Closed loop system

19 Sender ----> Receiver Encoding Previous frame Channel Decoding Motion Estimation / Compensation Prediction current frame Closed loop system

20 Motion Estimation Previous Frame sender/receiver Current Frame sender

21 Motion Estimation Previous Frame sender/receiver Current Frame sender

22 Motion Estimation Previous Frame sender/receiver Current Frame sender

23 Motion Estimation Previous Frame sender/receiver Current Frame sender

24 Motion Estimation Previous Frame sender/receiver Current Frame sender

25 Motion Estimation Mean Absolute Difference Previous Frame sender/receiver Current Frame sender

26 Motion Estimation Mean Absolute Difference Previous Frame sender/receiver Current Frame sender

27 Motion Estimation Mean Absolute Difference copy & paste Previous Frame sender/receiver Current Frame sender

28 Mesh-Based ME

29 Mesh-Based ME Triangle deformation is expressed by Affine Transform

30 Residual Coding

31 Residual Coding w/o ME with ME

32 Residual Coding w/o ME with ME (DCT Wavelet) > Quantisation > Entropy

33 H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC Latest Standard, Finely tuned over decades succeeding H263 and MPEG4 Offers 50:1 compression ratio (J2K 40:1) Bluray / HD-DVD H264 = great so what is next now?

34 Compactness

35 Robustness Compactness

36 Compactness Robustness Scalability

37 What is problem in this system? Encoding Decoding

38 What is problem in this system? Encoding Decoding Wireless Noisy Channel

39 What is problem in this system? Encoding Decoding Wireless Noisy Channel

40 What is problem in this system? Encoding Decoding Wireless Noisy Channel

41 What is problem in this system? Encoding Decoding Wireless Noisy Channel

42 What is problem in this system? Encoding Decoding Wireless Noisy Channel

43 What is problem in this system? Encoding Decoding Wireless Noisy Channel

44 What is problem in this system? Encoding Decoding Wireless Noisy Channel Drifting Error Accumulates

45 What is problem in this system? Encoding Decoding Wireless Noisy Channel Drifting Error Accumulates Target bitrate is fixed; not flexible to cope with variable connection

46 Scalable Video Coding

47 Wavelet Temporal Filtering

48 Wavelet Temporal Filtering

49 Wavelet Temporal Filtering

50 Wavelet Temporal Filtering

51 Wavelet Temporal Filtering End-user can choose right resolution for his connection

52 Wavelet Temporal Filtering End-user can choose right resolution for his connection alleviates drifting errors

53 Wavelet Temporal Filtering End-user can choose right resolution for his connection alleviates drifting errors but not a perfect solution for channel noise

54 Distributed Video Coding

55 1970 Slepian and Wolf Independent encoding Joint decoding Girod IEEE Video Coding and Delivery 2005

56 1970 Slepian and Wolf Independent encoding Joint decoding X and Y are correlated Girod IEEE Video Coding and Delivery 2005

57 1970 Slepian-Wolf Theorem RX H(X Y) RY H(Y X) (RX + RY) H(X, Y) Girod IEEE Video Coding and Delivery 2005

58 1970 Slepian-Wolf Theorem RX H(X Y) RY H(Y X) (RX + RY) H(X, Y) Girod IEEE Video Coding and Delivery 2005

59 1970 Slepian-Wolf Theorem RX H(X Y) RY H(Y X) (RX + RY) H(X, Y) Girod IEEE Video Coding and Delivery 2005

60 Later, Wyner and Ziv established the min rate to encode X guaranteeing its recon. when Y is already known to decoder but not to encoder decoder aware of the correlation between X and Y No rate increase when X and Y are jointly Gaussian Girod IEEE Video Coding and Delivery 2005

61 Later, Wyner and Ziv established the min rate to encode X guaranteeing its recon. when Y is already known to decoder but not to encoder decoder aware of the correlation between X and Y No rate increase when X and Y are jointly Gaussian Girod IEEE Video Coding and Delivery 2005

62 Later, Wyner and Ziv X, Y correlated established the min rate to encode X guaranteeing its recon. when Y is already known to decoder but not to encoder decoder aware of the correlation between X and Y No rate increase when X and Y are jointly Gaussian Girod IEEE Video Coding and Delivery 2005

63 Later, Wyner and Ziv X, Y correlated X=Y established the min rate to encode X guaranteeing its recon. when Y is already known to decoder but not to encoder decoder aware of the correlation between X and Y No rate increase when X and Y are jointly Gaussian Girod IEEE Video Coding and Delivery 2005

64 Later, Wyner and Ziv X, Y correlated Channel coding X=Y established the min rate to encode X guaranteeing its recon. when Y is already known to decoder but not to encoder decoder aware of the correlation between X and Y No rate increase when X and Y are jointly Gaussian Girod IEEE Video Coding and Delivery 2005

65 Later, Wyner and Ziv X, Y correlated X=Y Error Correction Channel coding established the min rate to encode X guaranteeing its recon. when Y is already known to decoder but not to encoder decoder aware of the correlation between X and Y No rate increase when X and Y are jointly Gaussian Girod IEEE Video Coding and Delivery 2005

66 Example standard video coding Correlation = hamming distance is at most 1 Given Y = [ ] Encode X = [ ]

67 Example standard video coding Correlation = hamming distance is at most 1 Given Y = [ ] Encode X = [ ] X = [ ] or [ ] or [ ] or [ ]

68 Example standard video coding Correlation = hamming distance is at most 1 Given Y = [ ] Encode X = [ ] X = [ ] or [ ] or [ ] or [ ] 4 possibilities; Need 2 bits to encode

69 Example distributed video coding Correlation = hamming distance is at most 1 Given Y = [ ] Encode X = [ ]

70 Example distributed video coding Correlation = hamming distance is at most 1 Given Y = [ ] Encode X = [ ]

71 Example distributed video coding Correlation = hamming distance is at most 1 Given Y = [ ] Encode X = [ ]

72 Example distributed video coding Correlation = hamming distance is at most 1 Given Y = [ ] Encode X = [ ] Coset 1 Coset 2 Coset 3 Coset 4 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

73 Example distributed video coding Correlation = hamming distance is at most 1 Given Y = [ ] Encode X = [ ] Coset 1 Coset 2 Coset 3 Coset 4 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 4 possibilities; Need 2 bits to encode

74 Distributed Video Coding Encoding Channel Decoding

75 Distributed Video Coding Encoding Channel Decoding

76 Distributed Video Coding Encoding Channel Decoding partial info for each block

77 Distributed Video Coding Encoding Channel Decoding partial info for each block

78 Distributed Video Coding Encoding Channel Decoding partial info for each block refresh each block with partial info -> no drift error

79 Distributed Video Coding Encoding Channel Decoding partial info for each block refresh each block with partial info -> no drift error

80 Distributed Video Coding Encoding Channel Decoding partial info for each block refresh each block with partial info -> no drift error

81 Coset code and Side info(y) Source Side Info Ramchandran ICIP 2005

82 Coset code and Side info(y) Source Side Info Ramchandran ICIP 2005

83 Coset code and Side info(y) Source Side Info Ramchandran ICIP 2005

84 Coset code and Side info(y) Source Side Info Ramchandran ICIP 2005

85 Coset code and Side info(y) Source Side Info Ramchandran ICIP 2005

86 Coset code and Side info(y) Source Side Info Ramchandran ICIP 2005

87 Coset code and Side info(y) Source Side Info Ramchandran ICIP 2005

88 Quantised DCT coefficient Generating Cosets

89 Generating Cosets Quantised DCT coefficient x

90 Generating Cosets Quantised DCT coefficient x

91 Generating Cosets Quantised DCT coefficient x

92 Generating Cosets Quantised DCT coefficient x

93 Generating Cosets Quantised DCT coefficient x coset 1 coset 2

94 Generating Cosets Quantised DCT coefficient x coset 1 coset 2

95 Generating Cosets Quantised DCT coefficient x coset 1 coset 2 y

96 Generating Cosets Quantised DCT coefficient x coset 1 coset 2 y

97 Motion Estimation Previous Frame Current Frame

98 Motion Estimation Previous Frame Current Frame

99 Motion Estimation Previous Frame Current Frame

100 Motion Estimation Previous Frame Current Frame

101 Motion Estimation Too many side info(y) Previous Frame Current Frame

102 Motion Estimation Too many side info(y) Previous Frame Current Frame

103 Motion Estimation Too many side info(y) CRC or Hash Previous Frame Current Frame

104 Motion Estimation Too many side info(y) copy & paste CRC or Hash Previous Frame Current Frame

105 Packet Loss Experiment H FEC SVC + DVC Ramchandran PCS 2004

106 Packet Loss Experiment H FEC SVC + DVC Separate source coding and channel coding Ramchandran PCS 2004

107 Packet Loss Experiment H FEC SVC + DVC Separate source coding and channel coding Joint source / channel coding Ramchandran PCS 2004

108 Pereira, MPEG Future Video Coding Workshop, Nice, France 2005

109 Standard Video Coding Distributed Video Coding Encoding Slow Very Fast Decoding Fast Slow Power Consumption High in encoder / Low in decoder Low in encoder / High in encoder Motion Estimation in encoder in decoder Compression ratio 50:1 (60:1) ~30:1 Noise resilient No Yes Applications DVD, Streaming from server,... Streaming from mobile, Sensor Network,...

110 References Girod, A. Aaron, S. Rane and D. Rebollo-Monedero, "Distributed video coding," Proceedings of the IEEE, Special Issue on Video Coding and Delivery, vol. 93, no. 1, pp , January 2005 R. Puri and K. Ramchandran, PRISM: A new robust video coding architecture based on distriubted compression principles, in Proc. Allerton Conference on Communication, Contro, and Computing, Allerton, IL, Oct S. S. Pradhan and K. Ramchandran, Generalized Coset Codes for Distributed Binning, IEEE Trans. Information Theory, Vol. 51, No. 10, Oct M. Tagliasacchi, A. Majumdar and K. Ramchandran, A Distributed- Source-Coding Based Robust Spatio-Temporal Scalable Video Codec, Picture Coding Symposium 2004

111 References Girod, A. Aaron, S. Rane and D. Rebollo-Monedero, "Distributed video coding," Proceedings of the IEEE, Special Issue on Video Coding and Delivery, vol. 93, no. 1, pp , January 2005 R. Puri and K. Ramchandran, PRISM: A new robust video coding architecture based on distriubted compression principles, in Proc. Allerton Conference on Communication, Contro, and Computing, Allerton, IL, Oct S. S. Pradhan and K. Ramchandran, Generalized Coset Codes for Distributed Binning, IEEE Trans. Information Theory, Vol. 51, No. 10, Oct M. Tagliasacchi, A. Majumdar and K. Ramchandran, A Distributed- Source-Coding Based Robust Spatio-Temporal Scalable Video Codec, Picture Coding Symposium 2004 This slide is available at

112 Conclusion Conventional video coding structure and its problem Scalable Video Coding Distributed Video Coding Joint source-channel coding : Wyner - Ziv coding Still very early stage and more works to be done for better coding efficiency

113 Questions?

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