Liquid and solid lasers for optimum performance of the Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source at ISOLDE/CERN
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1 Liquid and solid lasers for optimum performance of the Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source at ISOLDE/CERN V.N. Fedosseev, CERN, EN department Workshop on Low-Energy Radioactive Isotope Beam (RIB) Production by In-Gas Laser Ionization for Decay Spectroscopy at RIKEN, December 2012, RIKEN-Wako
2 Outline The ISOLDE facility at CERN Ionization in a hot cavity Evolution of RILIS lasers Dual dye-ti:sa laser system of RILIS New modes of RILIS operation RILIS operation in 2012 Dual narrow-band RILIS Outlook Workshop announcement
3
4 ISOLDE isotope separator on-line facility GeVp 2 µa Single charge: Surface Plasma RILIS ECR
5 Laser ionization in a Hot Metal Cavity First RIBs produced in at PNPI (Gatchina, Leningrad district): at CERN: Yb, Nd, Ho Ho - off-line -on-line Yb, Tm, Sn, Li Yb -off-line on-line
6 Hot Cavity Laser Ion Source Efficiency: ε = P P Ionisation Ionisation + P Effusion Lasers located ~ 18 m away ε = ν rep ν rep ε ion εion 2dv + 3L 2 TARGET Selectivity = Laser Ionization Efficiency Surface Ionization Efficiency => depends on the ionization potentials of isobar atoms ε laser = 2% - 30% ε surface > 5% - alkalies = 0.1% -2% - In, Ga, Ba, lanthanides < 0.1% - others
7 RILIS at ISOLDE Facility
8 RILIS at ISOLDE-PSB + Ion beam lines + Mass separator + Laser system Proton beam Extraction Electrode 60 kv CVL lasers: ν rep = Hz Oscillator + 2 amplifiers 2-3 dye lasers with amplifiers, nonlinear crystals BBO: Target Laser beams + + Ionizer DC Target - Ion Source Unit Target Installed in 1993 P total Cu 75 P dye 8 P2ω 2W W W P3ω 0. 2 W
9 RILIS setup with Copper vapor lasers Constructed in 90-s, in operation till 2009 Copper vapor laser: High peak power (short pulse); high repetition rate, good beam quality (unstable resonator) Dye lasers: Wide tuning range, ionization schemes with up to 3 steps
10 RILIS operation since 1994 Annually increasing demand for RILIS beams Feasible hours of operation limit reached in 2002 Increase requires greater reliability and a larger laser installation RILIS UPGRADE 2500 demand Operation per year (h) Limit reached for existing laser resources
11 The 3 stages of RILIS Upgrade 1 The pump laser upgrade 1 : Change from copper vapour laser (CVL) to commercial Nd:YAG laser Aim: Maintain or improve the dye laser performance whilst increasing the reliability of the overall system. 2 The dye laser upgrade: 3 New state of the art dye lasers to replace the original dye lasers Aim: Improve the dye laser performance, ease of use and reliability, make full use of the capabilities of the new pump laser. 3 Install an independent and complementary Ti:Sabased RILIS laser setup 2,3 : 2 pump lasers and 3 Ti:Sa lasers plus harmonic generation units Aim: Extend the tuning range of the RILIS setup to enable access to the large number of ionization schemes developed for Ti:Salasers. Reduce switching time between elements to allow for more condensed scheduling of RILIS runs Additional on-going developments Improve monitoring and automation of the RILIS parameters Implement machine protection and alert systems to enable on-call operation Improve the selectivity of RILIS through ion source developments 1 The ISOLDE RILIS pump laser upgrade and the LARIS Laboratory B. Marsh et al: Hyperfine Interactions, Volume 196, Issue 1-3, pp (2010) 2 A complementary laser system for ISOLDE RILIS S Rothe et al: Journal of Physics: Conference Series 312 (2011) Upgrade of the RILIS at ISOLDE: New lasers and new ion beams V. Fedosseev et al: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A903 (2012)
12 1 -Pump Laser upgrade CVL Replacement of Copper VaporLasers by Solid-State Lasers SSL khz 8 10 khz Green Beams Green Beams 75 W (+28 W) nm Yellow Beams nm 2 hr start up time Varying power output over time The ISOLDE RILIS pump laser upgrade and the LARIS Laboratory B. Marsh et al: Hyperfine Interactions, Volume 196, Issue 1-3, pp (2010) UV Beam nm IR Beam nm 30 min start up time Reliable long term power output
13 Second step of RILIS upgrade CREDO dye lasers made by Sirah GmbH installed in Feb/Mar 2010 New Dye Lasers installed Optimized for 10 khz EdgeWave pump Accept both 355 and 532 pumping beams Equipped with FCU (up to 2W of UV) Upgrade of the RILIS at ISOLDE: New lasers and new ion beams V. Fedosseev et al: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A903 (2012)
14 Dye vs. Ti:Sa lasers Dye Ti:Sa Active Medium > 10 different dyes =1 Ti:sapphire crystal condition of aggregation liquid solid-state Tuning range nm nm Power upto 15 W upto5 W Pulse duration 8 ns 50 ns Power stability decrease during operation stable Synchronization optical delay lines q-switch, pump power Maintenance renew dye solutions ~ none Dye 3x Ti:Sa 3x Dye 4x Ti:Sa Ti:Sa 2x Dye 2x Ti:Sa wavelength nm efficiency (%) Ti:Sa Dye wavelength (nm)
15 Dual RILIS Concept Nd:YAG Dye 2 SHG λ meter 10 khz Master clock Delay generator Dye1 THG Narrowband Dye RILIS Dye Laser System GPS/HRS Nd:YAG RILIS Ti:Sa Laser System Ti:Sa 1 SHG/THG/FHG Ti:Sa 2 Ti:Sa 3 Target & Ion Source Faraday cup LabVIEW based DAQ λ meter pa meter
16 The RILIS Ti:Sa lasers Pump laser: Nd:YAG (532 nm), Photonics Industries Internattional Repetition rate: 10 khz Pulse length: 180 ns Power: 60 W lassing efficiency (%) wavelength (nm) SP4440 SP4444 SP0000 SP1000 SP1111 SP1110 A complementary laser system for ISOLDE RILIS S Rothe et al: Journal of Physics: Conference Series 312 (2011) Change of mirror sets in resonator No amplifier yet available No ageing 100 mm Ti:Sa lasers: Line width: 5 GHz Pulse length: ns Wavelength tuning range: Fundamental (ω) nm (5 W) 2nd harmonic (2ω) nm (1 W) 3rd harmonic (3ω) nm (150 mw) 4 th harmonic (2w) nm (50 mw) 6 resonator mirror sets cover the Ti:Sa range
17 Third step of RILIS upgrade Addition of Ti:Sapphire lasers Ti:Sa 1 Ti:Sa 2 3ω, 4ω 3ω, 4ω Ti:Sa 3 Dye Laser 3 Nd:YAG 2 Nd:YAG 3 Nd:YAG 1 Dye Laser 2 Dye Laser 3 Frequency conversion unit
18 3 steps of RILIS laser upgrade completed 1) Pump laser replacement Nd:YAG Dye 2 SHG 3) Ti:Sa laser installation 2) Dye laser replacement RILIS Dye Laser System λ meter Master clock Dye 1 THG Dye 3 SHG Delay Generator GPS/HRS Nd:YAG Ti:Sa 1 RILIS Ti:Sa Laser System Target & Ion Source Ti:Sa 2 SHG FHG Ion beam to Users Ti:Sa 3 λ meter
19 The complete RILIS Dye + Ti:Sa system Sirah dye lasers with 2nd harmonic generation and UV pumping option Dye laser 3rd harmonic generator Narrow band dye laser with computer controlled grating and etalon for high resolution spectroscopy or isomer selectivity Edgewave Nd:YAG laser for dye pumping or non resonant ionization Photonics Industries Nd:YAG pump laser for the Ti:Sa lasers RILIS cabin layout has been redesigned to accommodate the new lasers 3 Ti:Sa lasers Harmonic generation unit for Ti:Sa system
20 New modes of operation The Dual RILIS Prerequisite for dual operation: Temporal synchronization pulses of the two laser systems 100W Nd:YAGlaser is available for non-resonant ionization in Ti:Sa only schemes Mixed schemes dye and Ti:Sa are exchangeable Highest efficiencies New elements Unique for laser ion sources Backup solution Keep one dye set up for future, use Ti:Sa instead Reduction in down time
21 RILIS setup requirements Element Dye laser schemes Ti:Sa schemes Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Setting time* Efficiency days λ1, nm Dye λ2, nm Dye/YAG λ3, nm Dye/YAG off-line λ1, nm Fundamental λ2, nm Fundamental λ3, nm TiSa/YAG 4Be 12Mg 13Al 20Ca 21Sc 25Mn 27Co 28Ni 29Cu 30Zn 31Ga 39Y 47Ag 48Cd 49In 50Sn 51Sb 60Nd 62Sm 65Tb Pyridin Rhod B Rhod 6G Fluorescein YAG >7% YAG 10% Rhod B YAG 20% Rhod B ? YAG Phenox Pyridin 2? YAG Rhod 6G DCM DCM Rhod B Fluorescein YAG 0.50% 15% 19% Rhod B DCM YAG YAG >3.8% Rhod B Rhod B Styr 8 >6% Dye Dye TiSA Phenox Rhod 6G >7% DCM DCM YAG 4.90% Dye YAG Rhod 6G YAG 21% Pyrr Styr Phenox YAG YAG Phenox Fluorescein YAG YAG 14% Pyridin DCM YAG 10.40% Dye YAG Rhod B YAG Phenox Rhod 6G Styr Styr 9 9% TiSA TiSA Phenox Rhod 6G YAG 2.70% YAG Rhod B or Pyrr Rhod B Rhod B Phenox Phenox Pyrr Fluorescein Rhod B Dy DCM Rhod B YAG 20% YAG 70Yb Pyrr Rhod 6G Rhod 6G 15% Lu Rhod 6G DCM DCM Au 80Hg 81Tl 82Pb 83Bi 84Po 85At Coum 540A DCM Phenox >3% Styr DCM 626 DCM Rhod YAG Rhod 6G Rhod B YAG Rhod B Fluorescein YAG 27% >3% YAG YAG 6% Styr Styr YAG TiSA YAG Phenox Styr YAG TiSA YAG Phenox ? Styr YAG ? TiSA YAG
22 Double RILIS tuning curves Power, mw TiSa FHG Dye THG 10 UV-pumped Dye SHG Dye SHG TiSa THG TiSa SHG UV-pumped Dye Fundamental Dye Fundamental TiSa fundamental Wavelength, nm
23 Example of RILIS setup Ni: Dye-Dye-TiSa Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Power, mw Higher power from TiSafor AIS transition nm Dye SHG Ni 611 nm Dye fund 748 nm TiSa fund Wavelength, nm
24 Example of RILIS setup Ca: TiSa-Dye-Dye Step 2 Step Step 1 Power, mw Higher power from TiSa for Step nm TiSa SHG Ca 586 nm Dye fund 654 nm Dye fund Wavelength, nm
25 Example of RILIS setup Mg: Dye-Dye-YAG Step Step 1 Step 2 Power, mw nm Dye SHG Mg 532 nm Nd:YAG SHG 553 nm Dye fund Only Dye scheme, TiSais setting up for next run (Po) Wavelength, nm
26 Example of RILIS setup Po: Dye-TiSa-YAG Step 3 Step 2 Step 1 Power, mw Higher power from TiSa for Step nm Dye THG Po 532 nm Nd:YAG SHG 843 nm TiSa fund Wavelength, nm
27 Example of RILIS setup At: Dye-TiSa-YAG Dye and TiSa exchangeable for Step Step 1 Step 3 Step 2 Power, mw Higher power from TiSa for Step nm Dye THG At 532 nm Nd:YAG SHG 795 nm TiSa fund Wavelength, nm
28 Example of RILIS setup Au: TiSa-Dye-Dye Step Step 1 Step 2 Power, mw Higher power from TiSa for Step nm TiSa THG 306 nm Dye SHG Au 674 nm Dye fund Wavelength, nm
29 Ca Ca Cd Cd Cd Ca Ca Be Be Mg Mg Po Po At At Au Zn Zn Cu Mn Mn Be Sm At Au Sm Sm Be Be Dy Dy Mg Mg Po Ag ISOLDE RILIS SCHEDULE 2012 RILIS runs in 2012 Sm At Au Sm Sm Be Be Dy Dy Mg Mg Po Ag Ca Ca Cd Cd Cd Ca Ca Be Be Mg Mg Po Po At At Au Zn Zn Cu Mn Mn Be
30 RILIS operation in Ion beams of 13 elements were produced with RILIS in 2012 Laser ON time in 2012: 3000 h Expected by end of h by 1 December 2000 Hours Year Availability of two complementary laser systems (Dye and Ti:Sapphire) has ensured the increase of RILIS beam time in Beam Sm 2 runs Ca 2 runs Cd At 2 runs Au 2 runs Be 3 runs Dy Mg 4 runs Po 2 runs Ag 2 runs Zn Cu Mn Planned Real
31 The Dual Etalon Narrow Linewidth TiSa Addition of a thick etalon to the TiSacavity Remote dual etalon control, automatic optimization routine and feedback based frequency stabilization Reduction of line-width from >5 GHz <1GHz
32 Gold Isotopes Windmill Faraday Cup MR-TOF COUNTS Alpha energy, kev 1 st transition is difficult with dye laser (UV pump beam required) NB-TiSawas therefore advantageous: scanning stability with 3 rd harmonic was demonstrated MR-TOF, windmill and FC were used Beam time was extremely limited!
33 Astatine Isotopes: scans on both steps Windmill Faraday Cup MR-TOF Annular Si Si 197At beam NB -TiSa C-foils 20 µg/cm 2 NB -Dye laser ISOLDE Faraday cup Extensive Ionization scheme development was required
34 RILIS ion beams Ion beams of 31 elements are produced at ISOLDE with RILIS 31 elements ionized with RILIS 1 2 H 27 ionization scheme tested (dye or Ti:Sa) He Li Be 25 RILIS ionization feasible B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Ha Sg Ns Hs Mt Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Recent new beams: Sm, Pr, At, Ca
35 RILIS in action
36 RILIS in action
37 Outlook, future developments Automated protection and remote monitoring of RILIS installation Improved RILIS schemes for the Dual RILIS system Extension of RILIS cabin Installation of a reference atomic beam unit at RILIS Fully motorized TiSa automatic tuning/optimization High beam quality laser for non resonant ionization Optimizing the LIST and other means of surface ion suppression
38 Acknowledgements BruceMarsh, Sebastian Rothe, MaricaSjödin, Daniel Fink CERN: STI Group of EN department Klaus Wendt, Ralf Rossel University of Mainz, Working group LARISSA Mainz, Germany Nobuaki Imai Visiting scientist at CERN Lars-Eric Berg, Olli Launila KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden Dmitri Fedorov, Maxim Seliverstov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
39 1 st Topical Workshop on Laser Based Particle Sources February 2013 at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
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