The Network 15 Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 3

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Network 15 Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 3"

Transcription

1 1 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Network 15 Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 3 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2017

2 Contents 9. Proxy ARP 10. Fragmentation 11. Interworking h4 h6 with NATs Textbook Chapter 5: The Network Layer 2

3 dest next-hop interface /24 On-link eth / eth0 0/ eth0 Reminder: IP principle says one subnet = one LAN 9. Proxy ARP / /24 R1 R2 R dest next-hop interface /24 On-link eth /24 On-link eth / eth1 Assume you want to cheat with this principle, e.g is in the wrong place, but you want to keep it that way. You can support this configuration with /32 entries (with IPv4) in forwarding tables dest next-hop interface / eth /24 On-link eth /32 On-link eth1 at R1, R2 and R3 ( Host Routes ) 3

4 Does this solve the problem? A. Yes because R2 now send packets to on the correct interface B. No this does not work because subnets cannot be split across multiple locations C. No it does not work for other reasons D. I don t know 4

5 7 sic500cs should be a. VPN Tunnel sic500cs stisun greenmac ed0-ext EPFL-Backbone ed2-in All subnets have netmask Subnet 84 is on both sides of sic500cs A. Router B. Bridge C. Application Layer gateway D. I don t know

6 9 Assume you want to have sic500cs operating as a router greenmac VPN Tunnel sic500cs ed0-ext stisun ed2-in EPFL-Backbone This deviates from the IP principle: one subnet = one LAN Therefore we need a second deviation (at least) to compensate We can use PROXY ARP sic500cs answers for ARP REQs / NDP NSs on behalf of greenmac

7 ed0 ext has a packet to and sends an ARP REQ VPN Tunnel sic500cs stisun greenmac ed0-ext EPFL-Backbone ed2-in 1. All subnets have netmask 2. Subnet 84 is on both sides of sic500cs 3. sic500cs does PROXY- ARP on behalf of greenmac A. sic500cs replies with own MAC address B. sic500cs replies with the MAC address of greenmac C. Greenmac replies with his MAC address D. Greenmac replies with the MAC address of sic500cs E. I don t know 10

8 10. Fragmentation Link layer networks have different maximum frame lengths MTU (maximum transmission unit) = maximum frame size usable for an IP packet MAC layer options and tunnels make this worse Link layer Network Ethernet, WiFi VPN Tunnel in IPv4 Token Ring 4 Mb/s 16 Mb/s FDDI X.25 Frame Relay ATM with AAL5 Hyperchannel PPP MTU to 1500 Z:\>netsh interface ipv6 show subinterfaces MTU MediaSenseState Bytes In Bytes Out Interface Loopback Pseudo Interface Wireless Network Connection VPN EPFL Local Area Connection Local Area Connection* 12 12

9 13 IPv4 Fragmentation IPv4 hosts or routers may have IP datagrams larger than MTU Fragmentation is performed when IP datagram too large re assembly is only at destination, never at intermediate points fragmentation is in principle avoided with TCP MTU = 1500 MTU = 620 MTU =1500 R1 R2 1 IP Header 1400 Bytes

10 14 IPv4 header fields 1 and 4 2a, 3a 2b,3b 2c, 3c Length Identification More Fragment flag Offset 8 * Offset IPv4 Header 1400 Bytes MTU = 1500 MTU = 620 MTU =1500 R1 R2 1 IPv4 Header 1400 Bytes 2a IPv4 Header 600 B 3a IPv4 Header 600 B 2b IPv4 Header 600 B 3b IPv4 Header 600 B 2c IPv4 Header 200 B 3c IPv4 Header 200 B

11 IPv4 Fragmentation (2) IP datagram is fragmented if MTU of interface < datagram total length all fragments are self contained IP packets fragmentation controlled by fields: Identification, Flag and Fragment Offset in IPv4 header; IP datagram = original ; IP packet = fragments or complete datagram 1 2a 2b 2c Length Identification More Fragment flag Offset 8 * Offset Fragment data size (here 600) is always a multiple of 8 Identification given by source 15

12 16 IPv6 Fragmentation Same as IPv4 except Routers never fragment drop packet if too large Fragmentation header is a «next header» Minimum MTU is 1280 Bytes (vs 68 for IPv4)

13 17 Fragmentation Considered Harmful Fragmentation requires re assembly at destination; this may cause deadlocks and identification wrapping problems unit of loss is smaller than unit of re transmission: can worsen congestion (avalanche effect) Solution = avoid fragmentation as much as possible by discovering Path MTU (= minimum MTU along one path)

14 Path MTU is kept in destination cache by operating system 18 Methods for setting Path MTU Path MTU Discovery (PMTUD) 1. Host sets Don t Fragment bit on all datagrams (IPv4 only with IPv6 routers never fragment) 2. sets PathMTU to local MTU 3. routers send ICMP message: destination unreachable/ fragmentation needed if MTU is too large 4. host reduces PathMTU estimate to next smallest value 5. after timeout, host increases PMTU estimate Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery (PLPMTUD) does not require routers to send ICMP messages relies on TCP making Path MTU probes from time to time; estimate the largest possible Path MTU that works by observing packets that were acknowledged

15 19 IPv6 example :\>netsh interface ipv6 show destinationcache Interface 12: Local Area Connection PMTU Destination Address Next Hop Address a00:1450:4001:c02::54 fe80::208:e3ff:feff:fc a00:1450:4002:801::100c fe80::208:e3ff:feff:fc a00:1450:4003:803::100f fe80::208:e3ff:feff:fc a00:1450:400a:804::1008 fe80::208:e3ff:feff:fc a00:1450:400a:805::100d fe80::208:e3ff:feff:fc a00:1450:400a:805::100f fe80::208:e3ff:feff:fc a00:1450:400a:807::1018 fe80::208:e3ff:feff:fc a00:1450:400a:807::101f fe80::208:e3ff:feff:fc a03:2880:f006:101:face:b00c:0:1 fe80::208:e3ff:feff:fc a02:26f0:12:198::eed fe80::208:e3ff:feff:fc50

16 20 TCP, UDP and Fragmentation The UDP service interface accepts a datagram up to 64 KB (by default) or up to 4GB (with IPv6 jumbo payload extension header UDP datagram passed to the IP service interface as one SDU is fragmented at the source if resulting IP datagram is too large to fit on Path MTU The TCP service interface is stream oriented packetization is done by TCP fragmentation should in principle be avoided TCP connections negotiate an MSS (maximum segment size) Host operating system should verify that

17 21 When a host generates UDP traffic, the port number is always present in all packets A. True B. False C. True with IPv4, false with IPv6 D. True with IPv6, false with IPv4 E. I don t know

18 23 One TCP segment is contained in one IPv4 datagram that is fragmented by a router on its way from source to destination. One of the fragments is lost. What will TCP re transmit? A. The bytes that were in the missing fragment B. The bytes that were in all fragments of the datagram, missing or not C. It depends whether the loss is detected by fast retransmit or by timeout D. I don t know

19 11. IPv4 and IPv6 Interworking IPv4 and IPv6 are incompatible v4 only host cannot handle IPv6 packets v6 only host cannot handle IPv4 packets What needs to be solved: interworking: h6 to h4 like to like access 6 to 6 over 4 4 to 4 over 6 with NATs In this module we study interworking like to like access is studied in tunnels 25

20 Reminder: Dual Stack Application Layer Gateways (ALG46s) can be used to solve h4 to h6 Interworking 26 Homer s PC Web proxy Web server Application ALG46 Application TCP TCP TCP TCP/ IP IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 Application layer gateway (e.g. web proxy) relays HTTP questions / answers. ALG must be dual stack Simple but performance is not optimal (store and forward) Plus dependency on application

21 NAT64 (RFC6146) is an alternative solution to solve h6 to h4 interworking h6 (client6) NAT??? h4 s IPv 6 translated address h4 (server4) 2001:620:618:dede::baba IPv6 only host IPv6 Internet 1 2 IPv4 Internet IPv4 only host??? h6 s IPv 4translated address NAT64 translates an IPv4 packet into an IPv6 packet and viceversa; no encapsulation NAT uses an IPv4 address pool to translate IPv6 address (No need for IPv6 private pool) Port translation is used (as in any NAT) to save number of IPv4 addresses of the pool To h6, h4 appears under an IPv6 translated address To h4, h6 appears under an IPv4 translated address 27

22 Translation from IPv6 address to IPv4 translated address is stateful From: 2001:620:618:dede::baba Next hdr : tcp Srce port = 2345 h6 (client6) NAT64 From: Protocol type: tcp Srce port = 1763 h4 (server4) 2001:620:618:dede::baba IPv6 only host IPv6 Internet 1 2 IPv4 Internet IPv4 only host v6 v4 2001:620:618:dede::baba tcp port tcp port 1763 NAT table NAT owns pool /24 Packet from h6 is translated by NAT to next available IPv4 source address /port number combination this is the usual NAT s job Need to keep table of all existing mapping this is called stateful operation 28

23 Translation from IPv4 address to IPv6 translated address is stateless 64:ff9b::c000:201 h6 (client6) 2001:620:618:dede::baba IPv6 only host IPv6 Internet NAT h4 (server4) IPv4 Internet IPv4 only host IPv4 addresses are mapped to valid IPv6 addresses such as 64:ff9b::c00:201 Such an address is an IPv4 embedded IPv6 address The block 64:ff9b::/96 is a well know prefix reserved for that use; other prefixes (ISP specific) may be used This is called stateless operation 29

24 How is the v4 address translated to the v6 address 64:ff9b::c000:201? 30 64:ff9b::c000:201 h6 (client6) 2001:620:618:dede::baba IPv6 only host IPv6 Internet NAT h4 (server4) IPv4 Internet IPv4 only host A. The NAT keeps a translation table B. It is algorithmic C. None of the above D. I don t know

25 How does client6 knows that NAT64 should be used? infoscience.epfl.ch AAAA 64:ff9b::c000:201 DNS64 infoscience.epfl.ch A DNS h6 (client6) 2001:620:618:dede::baba IPv6 only host infoscience.epfl.ch? IPv6 Internet NAT64 A and AAAA infoscience.epfl.ch? h4 (server4) IPv4 Internet IPv4 only host DNS64 is used in combination with stateful NAT64 DNS64 responds with translated IPv6 address if no AAAA record is found This is transparent to client6 32

26 33 NAT64, putting things together infoscience.epfl.ch AAAA 64:ff9b::c000:201 DNS64 infoscience.epfl.ch A DNS h6 (client6) 2001:620:618:dede::baba IPv6 only host infoscience.epfl.ch? IPv6 Internet NAT64 A and AAAA infoscience.epfl.ch? h4 (server4) IPv4 Internet IPv4 only host To: 64:ff9b::c000:201 From: 2001:620:618:dede::baba Next Header : tcp Source port 2345 Dest Port : 80 GET / To: From: Protocol type: tcp Source port 1763 Dest Port : 80 GET /

27 34 How does NAT64 translate to 2001:620:618:dede::baba? h6 (client6) NAT64 h4 (server4) 2001:620:618:dede::baba IPv6 only host IPv6 Internet IPv4 Internet IPv4 only host To: 2001:620:618:dede::baba From: 64:ff9b::c000:201 Next Header : tcp Source port 80 Dest Port : 2345 <html><head>loula From: To: Protocol type: tcp Source port 80 Dest Port : 1763 <html><head>loula A. Algorithmically using the 64:ff9b::/96 prefix B. Algorithmically using a different prefix C. Using its NAT table and with the help of the port numbers D. I don t know

28 client4 to server6 with NAT64 NAT64 and DNS64 support client6 server4 The reverse client4 server6 works with NAT64 with static configuration of NAT64 mapping from server IPv6 address to server s IPv4 translated address is stateful and requires ad hoc configuration of NAT64; must be put in DNS as A record. mapping from client4 IPv4 address to client s IPv6 translated address is stateless NAT :620:618:dede::baba server6 IPv6 Internet IPv4 Internet client4 To: 2001:620:618:dede::baba From: 64:ff9b::c217:1819 Next Header : tcp Source port: 1763 Dest Port : 80 GET / From: To: Protocol type: tcp Source port: 1763 Dest Port : 80 GET / IPv6 address and port IPv4 address and port NAT64 table 2001:620:618:dede::baba ; port x : port x, static 36

29 Pros and Cons of NAT64 37

30 39 All links are Ethernet v2 with MTU = 1500 Bytes. Assume all hosts perform Path MTU and discover the best possible Path MTU value. What is the value of Path MTU at server4 for the interaction with client6? A Bytes B Bytes C Bytes D. I don t know

31 Conclusion Proxy ARP / NDP is a trick used to solve the problems caused by a subnet present at different locations Fragmentation is due to different MAC layers having different packet sizes; MTU is by definition the max length of an IP packet at a given interface. When a packet is too large, it can be either discarded or fragmented. Fragmentation occurs only at IPv6 hosts, IPv4 hosts or IPv4 routers. Re assembly is never done by routers. Fragmentation may cause problems and should be avoided if possible. Translation between IPv4 and IPv6 is a possible solution to the h4 h6 interworking problem. It uses NAT64. Translation is stateless between an IPv4 address and a translated IPv6 address; it is stateful between an IPv6 address and a translated IPv4 address. NAT64 is automatic for client6< > server4 and static for server6 < > client4. Both require some manipulation of DNS. 41

The Netwok 15 Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 3

The Netwok 15 Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 3 1 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Netwok 15 Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 3 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 Contents 1. Fragmentation 2. Interworking h4 h6 with NATs 3. Proxy ARP Textbook Chapter 5: The

More information

The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1

The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2014 1 Contents 1. The Two Principles of IP Unicast 2. IPv4 addresses 3. IPv6 addresses 4. Subnets and

More information

The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1

The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 1 Contents 1. The Two Principles of IP Unicast 2. IPv4 addresses 3. IPv6 addresses 4. NATs 5. Subnets

More information

The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1

The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 1 Contents 1. The Two Principles of IP Unicast 2. IPv4 addresses 3. IPv6 addresses 4. NATs 5. Subnets

More information

IP - The Internet Protocol. Based on the slides of Dr. Jorg Liebeherr, University of Virginia

IP - The Internet Protocol. Based on the slides of Dr. Jorg Liebeherr, University of Virginia IP - The Internet Protocol Based on the slides of Dr. Jorg Liebeherr, University of Virginia Orientation IP (Internet Protocol) is a Network Layer Protocol. IP: The waist of the hourglass IP is the waist

More information

The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 2

The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 2 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 2 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2014 1 Contents 6. ARP 7. Host configuration 8. IP packet format Textbook Chapter 5: The Network Layer

More information

The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1

The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2014 1 Contents 1. The Two Principles of IP Unicast 2. IPv4 addresses 3. IPv6 addresses 4. Subnets and

More information

EXAM TCP/IP NETWORKING Duration: 3 hours

EXAM TCP/IP NETWORKING Duration: 3 hours SCIPER: First name: Family name: EXAM TCP/IP NETWORKING Duration: 3 hours Jean-Yves Le Boudec January 2013 INSTRUCTIONS 1. Write your solution into this document and return it to us (you do not need to

More information

The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1

The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2017 1 Contents 1. The Two Principles of IP Unicast 2. IPv4 addresses 3. IPv6 addresses 4. NATs 5. Subnets

More information

The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 2

The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 2 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 2 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 1 Contents 6. ARP 7. Host configuration 8. IP packet format Textbook Chapter 5: The Network Layer

More information

EXAM TCP/IP NETWORKING Duration: 3 hours With Solutions

EXAM TCP/IP NETWORKING Duration: 3 hours With Solutions SCIPER: First name: Family name: EXAM TCP/IP NETWORKING Duration: 3 hours With Solutions Jean-Yves Le Boudec January 2016 INSTRUCTIONS 1. Write your solution into this document and return it to us (you

More information

CS 356: Computer Network Architectures. Lecture 10: IP Fragmentation, ARP, and ICMP. Xiaowei Yang

CS 356: Computer Network Architectures. Lecture 10: IP Fragmentation, ARP, and ICMP. Xiaowei Yang CS 356: Computer Network Architectures Lecture 10: IP Fragmentation, ARP, and ICMP Xiaowei Yang xwy@cs.duke.edu Overview Homework 2-dimension parity IP fragmentation ARP ICMP Fragmentation and Reassembly

More information

EXAM TCP/IP NETWORKING Duration: 3 hours With Solutions

EXAM TCP/IP NETWORKING Duration: 3 hours With Solutions SCIPER: First name: Family name: EXAM TCP/IP NETWORKING Duration: 3 hours With Solutions Jean-Yves Le Boudec January 2013 INSTRUCTIONS 1. Write your solution into this document and return it to us (you

More information

Lecture 8. Basic Internetworking (IP) Outline. Basic Internetworking (IP) Basic Internetworking (IP) Service Model

Lecture 8. Basic Internetworking (IP) Outline. Basic Internetworking (IP) Basic Internetworking (IP) Service Model Lecture 8 Basic Internetworking (IP) Reminder: Homework 3, Programming Project 2 due on Tuesday. An example internet is shown at right. Routers or gateways are used to connect different physical networks.

More information

Lecture 8. Reminder: Homework 3, Programming Project 2 due on Thursday. Questions? Tuesday, September 20 CS 475 Networks - Lecture 8 1

Lecture 8. Reminder: Homework 3, Programming Project 2 due on Thursday. Questions? Tuesday, September 20 CS 475 Networks - Lecture 8 1 Lecture 8 Reminder: Homework 3, Programming Project 2 due on Thursday. Questions? Tuesday, September 20 CS 475 Networks - Lecture 8 1 Outline Chapter 3 - Internetworking 3.1 Switching and Bridging 3.2

More information

ET4254 Communications and Networking 1

ET4254 Communications and Networking 1 Topic 9 Internet Protocols Aims:- basic protocol functions internetworking principles connectionless internetworking IP IPv6 IPSec 1 Protocol Functions have a small set of functions that form basis of

More information

Tunnels. Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015

Tunnels. Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 Tunnels Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 1. Tunnels Definition: a tunnel, also called encapsulation occurs whenever a communication layer carries packets of a layer that is not the one above e.g.: IP packet in

More information

ICS 351: Networking Protocols

ICS 351: Networking Protocols ICS 351: Networking Protocols IP packet forwarding application layer: DNS, HTTP transport layer: TCP and UDP network layer: IP, ICMP, ARP data-link layer: Ethernet, WiFi 1 Networking concepts each protocol

More information

ETSF05/ETSF10 Internet Protocols Network Layer Protocols

ETSF05/ETSF10 Internet Protocols Network Layer Protocols ETSF05/ETSF10 Internet Protocols Network Layer Protocols 2016 Jens Andersson Agenda Internetworking IPv4/IPv6 Framentation/Reassembly ICMPv4/ICMPv6 IPv4 to IPv6 transition VPN/Ipsec NAT (Network Address

More information

Tunnels. Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015

Tunnels. Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 Tunnels Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 1. Tunnels Definition: a tunnel, also called encapsulation occurs whenever a communication layer carries packets of a layer that is not the one above e.g.: IP packet in

More information

Packetization Layer Path Maximum Transmission Unit Discovery (PLPMTU) For IPsec Tunnels

Packetization Layer Path Maximum Transmission Unit Discovery (PLPMTU) For IPsec Tunnels Packetization Layer Path Maximum Transmission Unit Discovery (PLPMTU) For IPsec Tunnels draft-spiriyath-ipsecme-dynamic-ipsec-pmtu-01 Shibu Piriyath, Umesh Mangla, Nagavenkata Suresh Melam, Ron Bonica

More information

Vorlesung Kommunikationsnetze

Vorlesung Kommunikationsnetze Picture 15 13 Vorlesung Kommunikationsnetze Prof. Dr. H. P. Großmann mit B. Wiegel sowie A. Schmeiser und M. Rabel Sommersemester 2009 Institut für Organisation und Management von Informationssystemen

More information

The TCP/IP Architecture. Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015

The TCP/IP Architecture. Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 The TCP/IP Architecture Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 Objective Understand Layered Model of Communication Systems Know what MAC, IP addresses and DNS names are Chapter 2: Introduction Textbook 2 Why? TCP/IP

More information

The TCP/IP Architecture. Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015

The TCP/IP Architecture. Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 The TCP/IP Architecture Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 Objective Understand Layered Model of Communication Systems Know what MAC, IP addresses and DNS names are Chapter 2: Introduction Textbook 2 Why? TCP/IP

More information

The TCP/IP Architecture. Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015

The TCP/IP Architecture. Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 The TCP/IP Architecture Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 Objective Understand Layered Model of Communication Systems Know what MAC, IP addresses and DNS names are Chapter 2: Introduction Textbook 2 Why? TCP/IP

More information

The TCP/IP Architecture. Jean Yves Le Boudec 2017

The TCP/IP Architecture. Jean Yves Le Boudec 2017 The TCP/IP Architecture Jean Yves Le Boudec 2017 Objective Understand Layered Model of Communication Systems Know what MAC, IP addresses and DNS names are Textbook Chapter 2: Introduction of edition 1

More information

Tunnels. Jean Yves Le Boudec 2014

Tunnels. Jean Yves Le Boudec 2014 Tunnels Jean Yves Le Boudec 2014 2 Menu Today: lecture Tunnels, 6to4 Link State Routing Tomorrow 11:15 12:15 Last clicker test How TOR works (presentation of best research exercise award) No lab Lab 3

More information

The Internetworking Problem. Internetworking. A Translation-based Solution

The Internetworking Problem. Internetworking. A Translation-based Solution Cloud Cloud Cloud 1 The Internetworking Problem Internetworking Two nodes communicating across a network of networks How to transport packets through this heterogeneous mass? A B The Internetworking Problem

More information

Internet Protocols (chapter 18)

Internet Protocols (chapter 18) Internet Protocols (chapter 18) CSE 3213 Fall 2011 Internetworking Terms 1 TCP/IP Concepts Connectionless Operation Internetworking involves connectionless operation at the level of the Internet Protocol

More information

CS475 Networks Lecture 8 Chapter 3 Internetworking. Ethernet or Wi-Fi).

CS475 Networks Lecture 8 Chapter 3 Internetworking. Ethernet or Wi-Fi). Assignments Reading for Lecture 9: Section 3.3 3.2 Basic Internetworking (IP) Bridges and LAN switches from last section have limited ability CS475 Networks Lecture 8 Chapter 3 Internetworking is a logical

More information

SEN366 (SEN374) (Introduction to) Computer Networks

SEN366 (SEN374) (Introduction to) Computer Networks SEN366 (SEN374) (Introduction to) Computer Networks Prof. Dr. Hasan Hüseyin BALIK (12 th Week) The Internet Protocol 12.Outline Principles of Internetworking Internet Protocol Operation Internet Protocol

More information

Introduction to Internetworking

Introduction to Internetworking Introduction to Internetworking Introductory terms Communications Network Facility that provides data transfer services An internet Collection of communications networks interconnected by bridges and/or

More information

On Distributed Communications, Rand Report RM-3420-PR, Paul Baran, August

On Distributed Communications, Rand Report RM-3420-PR, Paul Baran, August The requirements for a future all-digital-data distributed network which provides common user service for a wide range of users having different requirements is considered. The use of a standard format

More information

The TCP/IP Architecture. Jean Yves Le Boudec 2017

The TCP/IP Architecture. Jean Yves Le Boudec 2017 The TCP/IP Architecture Jean Yves Le Boudec 2017 Objective Understand Layered Model of Communication Systems Know what MAC, IP addresses and DNS names are Textbook Chapter 2: Introduction of edition 1

More information

The Internet. 9.1 Introduction. The Internet is a global network that supports a variety of interpersonal and interactive multimedia applications.

The Internet. 9.1 Introduction. The Internet is a global network that supports a variety of interpersonal and interactive multimedia applications. The Internet 9.1 Introduction The Internet is a global network that supports a variety of interpersonal and interactive multimedia applications. Associated with each access network - ISP network, intranet,

More information

TCP/IP Protocol Suite

TCP/IP Protocol Suite TCP/IP Protocol Suite Computer Networks Lecture 5 http://goo.gl/pze5o8 TCP/IP Network protocols used in the Internet also used in today's intranets TCP layer 4 protocol Together with UDP IP - layer 3 protocol

More information

IPv6 Protocols and Networks Hadassah College Spring 2018 Wireless Dr. Martin Land

IPv6 Protocols and Networks Hadassah College Spring 2018 Wireless Dr. Martin Land IPv6 1 IPv4 & IPv6 Header Comparison IPv4 Header IPv6 Header Ver IHL Type of Service Total Length Ver Traffic Class Flow Label Identification Flags Fragment Offset Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit

More information

The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 2

The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 2 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 2 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2017 1 Contents 6. Host configuration 7. ARP 8. IP packet format, HL and TTL Textbook Chapter 5: The Network

More information

EXAM TCP/IP NETWORKING Duration: 3 hours

EXAM TCP/IP NETWORKING Duration: 3 hours SCIPER: First name: Family name: EXAM TCP/IP NETWORKING Duration: 3 hours Jean-Yves Le Boudec January 2017 INSTRUCTIONS 1. Write your solution into this document and return it to us (you do not need to

More information

On Distributed Communications, Rand Report RM-3420-PR, Paul Baran, August 1964

On Distributed Communications, Rand Report RM-3420-PR, Paul Baran, August 1964 The requirements for a future all-digital-data distributed network which provides common user service for a wide range of users having different requirements is considered. The use of a standard format

More information

Telecom Systems Chae Y. Lee. Contents. Overview. Issues. Addressing ARP. Adapting Datagram Size Notes

Telecom Systems Chae Y. Lee. Contents. Overview. Issues. Addressing ARP. Adapting Datagram Size Notes Internetworking Contents Overview Functions Issues Basic Delivery Unit Addressing Datagram Delivery ARP IPv4 Header Adapting Datagram Size Notes 2 Overview - Example 3 Direct Delivery 4 Indirect Delivery

More information

IP: Addressing, ARP, Routing

IP: Addressing, ARP, Routing IP: Addressing, ARP, Routing Network Protocols and Standards Autumn 2004-2005 Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Network Protocols and Standards 1 IPv4 IP Datagram Format IPv4 Addressing ARP and RARP IP Routing Basics

More information

Unit 5: Internet Protocols skong@itt-tech.edutech.edu Internet Protocols She occupied herself with studying a map on the opposite wall because she knew she would have to change trains at some point. Tottenham

More information

ECE 4450:427/527 - Computer Networks Spring 2017

ECE 4450:427/527 - Computer Networks Spring 2017 ECE 4450:427/527 - Computer Networks Spring 2017 Dr. Nghi Tran Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Lecture 6.2: IP Dr. Nghi Tran (ECE-University of Akron) ECE 4450:427/527 Computer Networks

More information

Computer Networks Principles Network Layer - IP

Computer Networks Principles Network Layer - IP Computer Networks Principles Network Layer - IP Prof. Andrzej Duda duda@imag.fr http://duda.imag.fr 1 Network Layer Overview: Datagram service IP addresses Packet forwarding principles Details of IP 2

More information

Configuring IPv6 basics

Configuring IPv6 basics Contents Configuring IPv6 basics 1 IPv6 overview 1 IPv6 features 1 IPv6 addresses 2 IPv6 neighbor discovery protocol 5 IPv6 PMTU discovery 8 IPv6 transition technologies 8 Protocols and standards 9 IPv6

More information

TSIN02 - Internetworking

TSIN02 - Internetworking Lecture 2: The Internet Protocol Literature: Forouzan: ch 4-9 and ch 27 2004 Image Coding Group, Linköpings Universitet Outline About the network layer Tasks Addressing Routing Protocols 2 Tasks of the

More information

CPSC 826 Internetworking. The Network Layer: Routing & Addressing Outline. The Network Layer

CPSC 826 Internetworking. The Network Layer: Routing & Addressing Outline. The Network Layer 1 CPSC 826 Intering The Network Layer: Routing & Addressing Outline The Network Layer Michele Weigle Department of Computer Science Clemson University mweigle@cs.clemson.edu November 10, 2004 Network layer

More information

TCP/IP THE TCP/IP ARCHITECTURE

TCP/IP THE TCP/IP ARCHITECTURE TCP/IP-1 The Internet Protocol (IP) enables communications across a vast and heterogeneous collection of networks that are based on different technologies. Any host computer that is connected to the Internet

More information

Internet Protocol (IP)

Internet Protocol (IP) CPSC 360 - Network Programming Internet Protocol (IP) Michele Weigle Department of Computer Science Clemson University mweigle@cs.clemson.edu March 14, 2005 http://www.cs.clemson.edu/~mweigle/courses/cpsc360

More information

IPv6. IPv4 & IPv6 Header Comparison. Types of IPv6 Addresses. IPv6 Address Scope. IPv6 Header. IPv4 Header. Link-Local

IPv6. IPv4 & IPv6 Header Comparison. Types of IPv6 Addresses. IPv6 Address Scope. IPv6 Header. IPv4 Header. Link-Local 1 v4 & v6 Header Comparison v6 Ver Time to Live v4 Header IHL Type of Service Identification Protocol Flags Source Address Destination Address Total Length Fragment Offset Header Checksum Ver Traffic Class

More information

The TCP/IP Architecture Jean Yves Le Boudec 2014

The TCP/IP Architecture Jean Yves Le Boudec 2014 The TCP/IP Architecture Jean Yves Le Boudec 2014 Objective Understand Layered Model of Communication Systems Know what MAC, IP addresses and DNS names are Chapter 2: Introduction Textbook 2 TCP/IP is a

More information

The TCP/IP Architecture Jean Yves Le Boudec 2014

The TCP/IP Architecture Jean Yves Le Boudec 2014 The TCP/IP Architecture Jean Yves Le Boudec 2014 Objective Understand Layered Model of Communication Systems Know what MAC, IP addresses and DNS names are Chapter 2: Introduction Textbook 2 TCP/IP is a

More information

Internetworking/Internetteknik, Examination 2G1305 Date: August 18 th 2004 at 9:00 13:00 SOLUTIONS

Internetworking/Internetteknik, Examination 2G1305 Date: August 18 th 2004 at 9:00 13:00 SOLUTIONS Internetworking/Internetteknik, Examination 2G1305 Date: August 18 th 2004 at 9:00 13:00 SOLUTIONS 1. General (5p) a) The so-called hourglass model (sometimes referred to as a wine-glass ) has been used

More information

Outline. IP Address. IP Address. The Internet Protocol. o Hostname & IP Address. o The Address

Outline. IP Address. IP Address. The Internet Protocol. o Hostname & IP Address. o The Address Outline IP The Internet Protocol o IP Address IP subnetting CIDR o ARP Protocol o IP Function o Fragmentation o NAT o IPv6 2 IP Address o Hostname & IP Address IP Address o The Address ping www.nu.ac.th

More information

CSCI-1680 Network Layer: IP & Forwarding Rodrigo Fonseca

CSCI-1680 Network Layer: IP & Forwarding Rodrigo Fonseca CSCI-1680 Network Layer: IP & Forwarding Rodrigo Fonseca Based partly on lecture notes by David Mazières, Phil Levis, John Janno< Administrivia IP out today. Your job: Find partners and tell us Implement

More information

CSCI Networking Name:

CSCI Networking Name: CSCI 3335- Networking Name: Final Exam Problem 1: Error Checking and TCP (15 Points) (a) True or false: [2.5 points for circling correct answers, -1 points for each wrong answer] i. CRC can both correct

More information

Network layer: Overview. Network layer functions IP Routing and forwarding NAT ARP IPv6 Routing

Network layer: Overview. Network layer functions IP Routing and forwarding NAT ARP IPv6 Routing Network layer: Overview Network layer functions IP Routing and forwarding NAT ARP IPv6 Routing 1 Network Layer Functions Transport packet from sending to receiving hosts Network layer protocols in every

More information

CSE/EE 461 Lecture 13 Connections and Fragmentation. TCP Connection Management

CSE/EE 461 Lecture 13 Connections and Fragmentation. TCP Connection Management CSE/EE 461 Lecture 13 Connections and Fragmentation Tom Anderson tom@cs.washington.edu Peterson, Chapter 5.2 TCP Connection Management Setup assymetric 3-way handshake Transfer sliding window; data and

More information

Network Layer: Internet Protocol

Network Layer: Internet Protocol Network Layer: Internet Protocol Motivation Heterogeneity Scale Intering IP is the glue that connects heterogeneous s giving the illusion of a homogenous one. Salient Features Each host is identified by

More information

Introduction to IPv6 - II

Introduction to IPv6 - II Introduction to IPv6 - II Building your IPv6 network Alvaro Vives 27 June 2017 Workshop on Open Source Solutions for the IoT Contents IPv6 Protocols and Autoconfiguration - ICMPv6 - Path MTU Discovery

More information

Network layer: Overview. Network Layer Functions

Network layer: Overview. Network Layer Functions Network layer: Overview Network layer functions IP Routing and forwarding NAT ARP IPv6 Routing 1 Network Layer Functions Transport packet from sending to receiving hosts Network layer protocols in every

More information

ARP, IP. Chong-Kwon Kim. Each station (or network interface) should be uniquely identified Use 6 byte long address

ARP, IP. Chong-Kwon Kim. Each station (or network interface) should be uniquely identified Use 6 byte long address ARP, IP Chong-Kwon Kim Routing Within a LAN MAC Address Each station (or network interface) should be uniquely identified Use 6 byte long address Broadcast & Filter Broadcast medium Signals are transmitted

More information

Introduction to routing in the Internet

Introduction to routing in the Internet Introduction to routing in the Internet Internet architecture IPv4, ICMP, ARP Addressing, routing principles (Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) Internet-1 Internet Architecture Principles End-to-end principle by

More information

IPv6 Protocol Architecture

IPv6 Protocol Architecture IPv6 Protocol Architecture v4/v6 Header Comparison Not kept in IPv6 Renamed in IPv6 Same name and function New in IPv6 2 New Functional Improvement Address Space Increase from 32-bit to 128-bit address

More information

Internetwork Protocols

Internetwork Protocols Internetwork Protocols Background to IP IP, and related protocols Internetworking Terms (1) Communications Network Facility that provides data transfer service An internet Collection of communications

More information

Introduction to routing in the Internet

Introduction to routing in the Internet Introduction to routing in the Internet Internet architecture IPv4, ICMP, ARP Addressing, routing principles (Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) Internet-1 Internet Architecture Principles End-to-end principle by

More information

Guide to TCP/IP, Third Edition. Chapter 3: Data Link and Network Layer TCP/IP Protocols

Guide to TCP/IP, Third Edition. Chapter 3: Data Link and Network Layer TCP/IP Protocols Guide to TCP/IP, Third Edition Chapter 3: Data Link and Network Layer TCP/IP Protocols 1 Objectives Understand the role that data link protocols, such as SLIP and PPP, play for TCP/IP Distinguish among

More information

L10: Simple Internetworking. Hui Chen, Ph.D. Department of Engineering & Computer Science Virginia State University Petersburg, VA 23806

L10: Simple Internetworking. Hui Chen, Ph.D. Department of Engineering & Computer Science Virginia State University Petersburg, VA 23806 L10: Simple Internetworking Hui Chen, Ph.D. Department of Engineering & Computer Science Virginia State University Petersburg, VA 23806 1 Acknowledgements Some pictures used in this presentation were obtained

More information

Network Basic v0.1. Network Basic v0.1. Chapter 3 Internet Protocol. Chapter 3. Internet Protocol

Network Basic v0.1. Network Basic v0.1. Chapter 3 Internet Protocol. Chapter 3. Internet Protocol Network Basic v0.1 Chapter 3. Internet Protocol 1 Network Basic v0.1 Chapter 3 Internet Protocol 1. The Role of Network Layer 2. IP Protocol Feature 3. IP Packet Routing 5. DHCP 6. NAT 2 1 네트워크 ICONs 3

More information

CS 348 Computer Networks. IP and Routing. Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

CS 348 Computer Networks. IP and Routing. Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Computer Networks IP and Routing Network Interconnections Data Link Layer Delivery of frames on the same LAN Extend reach using switches/bridges and hubs Limitations Solution? Cannot address heterogeniety

More information

ICS 451: Today's plan

ICS 451: Today's plan ICS 451: Today's plan ICMP ping traceroute ARP DHCP summary of IP processing ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol, 2 functions: error reporting (never sent in response to ICMP error packets) network

More information

Internet Protocol, Version 6

Internet Protocol, Version 6 Outline Protocol, Version 6 () Introduction to Header Format Addressing Model ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery Transition from to vs. Taken from:chun-chuan Yang Basics: TCP/ Protocol Suite Protocol (IP) Features:

More information

Connection Oriented Networking MPLS and ATM

Connection Oriented Networking MPLS and ATM ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE Connection Oriented Networking MPLS and ATM Jean-Yves Le Boudec Fall 0 Contents. Connection Oriented network layer. ATM.MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) .

More information

CSC 401 Data and Computer Communications Networks

CSC 401 Data and Computer Communications Networks CSC 401 Data and Computer Communications Networks Network Layer IPv4, Format and Addressing,, IPv6 Prof. Lina Battestilli Fall 2017 Chapter 4 Outline Network Layer: Data Plane 4.1 Overview of Network layer

More information

CS-435 spring semester Network Technology & Programming Laboratory. Stefanos Papadakis & Manolis Spanakis

CS-435 spring semester Network Technology & Programming Laboratory. Stefanos Papadakis & Manolis Spanakis CS-435 spring semester 2016 Network Technology & Programming Laboratory University of Crete Computer Science Department Stefanos Papadakis & Manolis Spanakis CS-435 Lecture #4 preview ICMP ARP DHCP NAT

More information

cs144 Midterm Review Fall 2010

cs144 Midterm Review Fall 2010 cs144 Midterm Review Fall 2010 Administrivia Lab 3 in flight. Due: Thursday, Oct 28 Midterm is this Thursday, Oct 21 (during class) Remember Grading Policy: - Exam grade = max (final, (final + midterm)/2)

More information

Lecture 11: Fragmentation & Addressing. CSE 123: Computer Networks Stefan Savage

Lecture 11: Fragmentation & Addressing. CSE 123: Computer Networks Stefan Savage Lecture 11: Fragmentation & Addressing CSE 123: Computer Networks Stefan Savage So what does IP do? Addressing Fragmentation E.g. FDDI s maximum packet is 4500 bytes while Ethernet is 1500 bytes, how to

More information

Internet Protocol. Outline Introduction to Internet Protocol Header and address formats ICMP Tools CS 640 1

Internet Protocol. Outline Introduction to Internet Protocol Header and address formats ICMP Tools CS 640 1 Internet Protocol Outline Introduction to Internet Protocol Header and address formats ICMP Tools CS 640 1 Internet Protocol Runs on all hosts in the Internet and enables packets to be routed between systems

More information

Chapter 5 Network Layer

Chapter 5 Network Layer Chapter 5 Network Layer Network Layer IPv4 2 IP Header Application Header + data 3 IP IP IP IP 4 Focus on Transport Layer IP IP 5 Network Layer The Network layer (Layer 3) provides services to exchange

More information

Position of IP and other network-layer protocols in TCP/IP protocol suite

Position of IP and other network-layer protocols in TCP/IP protocol suite Position of IP and other network-layer protocols in TCP/IP protocol suite IPv4 is an unreliable datagram protocol a best-effort delivery service. The term best-effort means that IPv4 packets can be corrupted,

More information

Chapter 4: outline. 4.5 routing algorithms link state distance vector hierarchical routing. 4.6 routing in the Internet RIP OSPF BGP

Chapter 4: outline. 4.5 routing algorithms link state distance vector hierarchical routing. 4.6 routing in the Internet RIP OSPF BGP Chapter 4: outline 4.1 introduction 4.2 virtual circuit and datagram networks 4.3 what s inside a router 4.4 IP: Internet Protocol datagram format IPv4 addressing ICMP 4.5 routing algorithms link state

More information

b. Suppose the two packets are to be forwarded to two different output ports. Is it

b. Suppose the two packets are to be forwarded to two different output ports. Is it Problem-1:[15] Suppose two packets arrive to two different input ports of a router at exactly the same time. Also suppose there are no other packets anywhere in the router. a. Suppose the two packets are

More information

Recap. Recap. Internetworking. First mile problem. Internet. End Users. Last mile problem. Direct link networks Packet switching.

Recap. Recap. Internetworking. First mile problem. Internet. End Users.   Last mile problem. Direct link networks Packet switching. Recap First mile problem Internet www.yahoo.com Comcast Sprint End Users SBC UUNET www.cnn.com Last mile problem Recap Direct link networks Packet switching Internetworking 1 IP Internet Concatenation

More information

Internet. Organization Addresses TCP/IP Protocol stack Forwarding. 1. Use of a globally unique address space based on Internet Addresses

Internet. Organization Addresses TCP/IP Protocol stack Forwarding. 1. Use of a globally unique address space based on Internet Addresses Internet Organization Addresses TCP/IP Protocol stack Forwarding Jörg Liebeherr, 1998-2003 1 What defines the Internet? 1. Use of a globally unique address space based on Internet Addresses 2. Support

More information

(Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) E7310/Internet basics/comnet 1

(Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) E7310/Internet basics/comnet 1 Introduction to routing in the Internet Ethernet, switching vs. routing Internet architecture IPv4 Addressing Routing principles Protocols: IPv4, ICMP, ARP (Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) E7310/Internet basics/comnet

More information

Department of Computer and IT Engineering University of Kurdistan. Network Layer. By: Dr. Alireza Abdollahpouri

Department of Computer and IT Engineering University of Kurdistan. Network Layer. By: Dr. Alireza Abdollahpouri Department of Computer and IT Engineering University of Kurdistan Network Layer By: Dr. Alireza Abdollahpouri What s the Internet: nuts and bolts view PC server wireless laptop cellular handheld millions

More information

Computer Network Fundamentals Spring Week 4 Network Layer Andreas Terzis

Computer Network Fundamentals Spring Week 4 Network Layer Andreas Terzis Computer Network Fundamentals Spring 2008 Week 4 Network Layer Andreas Terzis Outline Internet Protocol Service Model Addressing Original addressing scheme Subnetting CIDR Fragmentation ICMP Address Shortage

More information

Internet. 1) Internet basic technology (overview) 3) Quality of Service (QoS) aspects

Internet. 1) Internet basic technology (overview) 3) Quality of Service (QoS) aspects Internet 1) Internet basic technology (overview) 2) Mobility aspects 3) Quality of Service (QoS) aspects Relevant information: these slides (overview) course textbook (Part H) www.ietf.org (details) IP

More information

ELEC / COMP 177 Fall Some slides from Kurose and Ross, Computer Networking, 5 th Edition

ELEC / COMP 177 Fall Some slides from Kurose and Ross, Computer Networking, 5 th Edition ELEC / COMP 177 Fall 2011 Some slides from Kurose and Ross, Computer Networking, 5 th Edition Topics This week: Network layer (IP, ARP, ICMP) Next week: More network layer (Routers and routing protocols)

More information

CMPE 150/L : Introduction to Computer Networks. Chen Qian Computer Engineering UCSC Baskin Engineering Lecture 12

CMPE 150/L : Introduction to Computer Networks. Chen Qian Computer Engineering UCSC Baskin Engineering Lecture 12 CMPE 150/L : Introduction to Computer Networks Chen Qian Computer Engineering UCSC Baskin Engineering Lecture 12 1 Chapter 4: outline 4.1 introduction 4.2 virtual circuit and datagram networks 4.3 what

More information

Network Layer. Chapter 5 Section 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6. CS 360 Spring 2012 Pacific University

Network Layer. Chapter 5 Section 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6. CS 360 Spring 2012 Pacific University Network Layer Chapter 5 Section 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6 Network with Routers zeus.cs.pacificu.edu you.yourisp.com HTTP TCP IP Router Router HTTP TCP IP Router Router Router Network Layer Goal: Routing Routers

More information

EC441 Fall 2018 Introduction to Computer Networking Chapter4: Network Layer Data Plane

EC441 Fall 2018 Introduction to Computer Networking Chapter4: Network Layer Data Plane EC441 Fall 2018 Introduction to Computer Networking Chapter4: Network Layer Data Plane This presentation is adapted from slides produced by Jim Kurose and Keith Ross for their book, Computer Networking:

More information

FINAL EXAM - SLOT 2 TCP/IP NETWORKING Duration: 90 min. With Solutions

FINAL EXAM - SLOT 2 TCP/IP NETWORKING Duration: 90 min. With Solutions First name: Family name: FINAL EXAM - SLOT 2 TCP/IP NETWORKING Duration: 90 min. With Solutions Jean-Yves Le Boudec, Patrick Thiran 2011 January 15 INSTRUCTIONS 1. The exam is in two time slots. Slot 1

More information

Operation Manual IPv6 H3C S3610&S5510 Series Ethernet Switches Table of Contents. Table of Contents

Operation Manual IPv6 H3C S3610&S5510 Series Ethernet Switches Table of Contents. Table of Contents Operation Manual IPv6 Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1 IPv6 Basics Configuration... 1-1 1.1 IPv6 Overview... 1-1 1.1.1 IPv6 Features... 1-2 1.1.2 Introduction to IPv6 Address... 1-3 1.1.3

More information

EITF25 Internet Techniques and Applications L7: Internet. Stefan Höst

EITF25 Internet Techniques and Applications L7: Internet. Stefan Höst EITF25 Internet Techniques and Applications L7: Internet Stefan Höst What is Internet? Internet consists of a number of networks that exchange data according to traffic agreements. All networks in Internet

More information

Cisco IP Fragmentation and PMTUD

Cisco IP Fragmentation and PMTUD Table of Contents IP Fragmentation and PMTUD...1 Introduction...1 IP Fragmentation and Reassembly...1 Issues with IP Fragmentation...3 Avoiding IP Fragmentation: What TCP MSS Does and How It Works...4

More information

CS 457 Lecture 11 More IP Networking. Fall 2011

CS 457 Lecture 11 More IP Networking. Fall 2011 CS 457 Lecture 11 More IP Networking Fall 2011 IP datagram format IP protocol version number header length (bytes) type of data max number remaining hops (decremented at each router) upper layer protocol

More information

CSCI-1680 Network Layer:

CSCI-1680 Network Layer: CSCI-1680 Network Layer: Wrapup Rodrigo Fonseca Based partly on lecture notes by Jennifer Rexford, Rob Sherwood, David Mazières, Phil Levis, John JannoA Administrivia Homework 2 is due tomorrow So we can

More information

Fundamentals of Computer Networking AE6382

Fundamentals of Computer Networking AE6382 Computer networks are an integral part of the modern computing infrastructure The local network (LAN) is usually Ethernet LAN s are inter-connected with other LAN s in a hierarchical fashion eventually

More information