ACN Peer-to-Peer Networks. Günther Langmann

Transcription

1 ACN 2007 Peer-to-Peer Networks Günther Langmann

2 Content What are P2P Networks Properties of P2P Networks History of P2P Networks Classifications Comparison Unstructured and structured P2P Networks Advantages of P2P Networks Attacks on P2P Networks Networks, Protocols and Applications Multi-Network Applications Problems of P2P Networks P2P Networks 2

3 What are P2P Networks A P2P Network differs from the client-server model. The peer nodes can be both clients and servers to the other nodes on the network. P2P networks are typically used for connecting nodes via largely ad hoc connections. The most important P2P applications depends on Sharing content files which containing audio, video or data. Real-time data, such as telephony traffic, is also passed using P2P technology. P2P Networks 3

4 Properties of P2P Networks Direct data exchange between peers Peers have both: client and server functionality Self-government about data disposition P2P Networks 4

5 History of P2P Networks Earliest widespread P2P Network: Usenet news server System. Napster (1999) -> download of the Year P2P Network with central data Gnutella Every peer has a list of its neighbours Better, because no central data needed Bittorrent No search function... P2P Networks 5

6 Classifications I according to their degree of centralization Pure or decentralized P2P Networks: The peers acts as equal No central server will be found for managing the network No central router e.g. KaZaA P2P Networks 6

7 Classifications II Hybrid P2P Networks: The information about the peers is kept from an central server which responds to requests for that information As the central server does not have the information about hosting the available resources the peers are responsible for letting the server know what resources they want to share. A set of indices provides the absolute address to the route terminals. e.g. JXTR P2P Networks 7

8 Classifications III Centralised P2P Networks: The information about where to get the resources is provided by a server e.g. Napster P2P Networks 8

9 Comparison What are the advantages and disadvantages? P2P Networks 9

10 Unstructured and structured P2P Networks I The P2P Overlay Network consists of all nodes in the network. There are links between all the nodes. Based on the organisation of the links they can be classified in unstructured and structured P2P networks. unstructured P2P networks: the overlay links are established arbitrarily to join such a network a new peer has only to copy the information about existing links and form its own link over time to find data in the network, the query has to be flooded through the network and will not always be resolved popular data can be found easily but the search for rare data is often unsuccessful P2P Networks 10

11 Unstructured and structured P2P Networks II structured P2P networks: structured P2P networks use a globally consistent protocol they also find extremely rare data most common type is the distributed hash table (DHT) P2P Networks 11

12 Advantages of P2P Networks All peers provides resources: Bandwidth Storage space Computing power Every new peer which merge to the network make it stronger and bigger In pure P2P Networks there is no single point of failure P2P Networks 12

13 Attacks on P2P Networks I P2P network are under constant attack. The motives of the attackers varies. poisoning attacks: providing files whose contents are different from the description polluting attacks: inserting "bad" chunks/packets into an otherwise valid file on the network defection attacks: The use of the network by users or software without sharing resources with it P2P Networks 13

14 Attacks on P2P Networks II virus attack: insertion of viruses or other malware to carried data malware attack: malware in the peer-to-peer network software itself (e.g. distributed software may contain spyware) denial of service attacks: these attacks may make the network very slow filtering attacks: prevent data from being carried P2P Networks 14

15 Attacks on P2P Networks III identity attacks: tracking down the users of the network and attacking them spamming attack: sending unsolicited information across the network P2P Networks 15

16 Networks, Protocols and Applications I Many different networks, protocols and applications some applications work with more than one network P2P Networks 16

17 Networks, Protocols and Applications II Ares BitTorrent Cspace Direct Connect Domain Name System Edonkey FastTrack Freenet GNUnet Gnutella Network or Protocol Applications Ares Galaxy, Warez P2P ABC, AllPeers, Azureus, BitComet, BitLord, BitSpirit, BitTornado, BitTorrent, Burst!, FlashGet, G3 Torrent, Halite, KTorrent, MLDonkey, mlmac, Opera, QTorrent, Shareaza, Transmission, Tribler, µtorrent a peer-to-peer based communications system DC++, NeoModus Direct Connect, BCDC++, ApexDC++, StrongDC++ abc, AllPeers, Azureus, BitComet, BitLord, BitSpirit, BitTornado, BitTorrent, Burst!, FlashGet, G3 Torrent, Halite, KTorrent, MLDonkey, mlmac, Opera, QTorrent, Shareaza, Transmission, Tribler, µtorrent gift, Grokster, imesh (and its variants stripped of adware including imesh Light), Kazaa (and its variants stripped of adware such as Kazaa Lite), KCeasy, Mammoth, MLDonkey, mlmac, Poisoned Entropy (on its own network), Freenet GNUnet, (GNUnet-gtk) Acquisition, BearShare, Cabos, Gnucleus, Grokster, imesh, gtk-gnutella, Kiwi Alpha, LimeWire, FrostWire, MLDonkey, mlmac, Morpheus, Phex, Poisoned, Swapper, Shareaza, XoloX P2P Networks 17

18 Networks, Protocols and Applications III Network or Protocol Gnutella2 Kad Network MANOLITO/MP2P Krawler MFPnet Napster P2PTV Peercasting Retroshare Usenet Windows Peer-to- Peer WPNP Applications Adagio, Caribou, Gnucleus, imesh, Kiwi Alpha, MLDonkey, mlmac, Morpheus, Shareaza, TrustyFiles amule, emule, MLDonkey Blubster, Piolet Krawler[x] Amicina Napigator, OpenNap, WinMX TVUPlayer, Joost, CoolStreaming, Cybersky-TV, TVants, PPLive PeerCast, IceShare, FreeCast, PeerStream, Rawflow Retroshare serverless Filesharing with Chat Messenger Many different news clients Advanced Networking Pack for Windows XP,Windows XP SP2,Windows Vista WinMX P2P Networks 18

19 Multi-Network Applications Applications Network or Protocol Operating systems License amule edonkey network, FastTrack, Gnutella Cross-platform GPL emule edonkey network, Kad network Windows GPL FileScope edonkey network, Gnutella, Gnutella2, OpenNAP Cross-platform GPL gift edonkey network, FastTrack, Gnutella Cross-platform GPL Gnucleus Gnutella, Gnutella2 Windows GPL imesh FastTrack, edonkey network, Gnutella, Gnutella2 Windows KCeasy Ares, FastTrack, Gnutella, OpenFT Windows GPL Kiwi Alpha Gnutella, Gnutella2 Windows MLDonkey BitTorrent, Direct Connect, edonkey network, FastTrack, Gnutella, Gnutella2, Kad Network, Cross-platform GPL OpenNap, SoulSeek, HTTP/FTP Morpheus NEO Network, Gnutella, Gnutella2, BitTorrent Windows Napshare Key network, MUTE network Linux, Windows GPL Shareaza BitTorrent, edonkey, Gnutella, Gnutella2 Windows GPL Zultrax Gnutella, ZEPP Windows P2P Networks 19

20 Problems of P2P Networks many applications and networks legality problems (copyright infringement) many attacks are possible security problems P2P Networks 20

21 Questions Explain the Classifications of P2P Network. What attacks against P2P Networks to you know? P2P Networks 21

22 Thank you for your attention! P2P Networks 22