Client/Server Computing
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1 CS 312 Internet Concepts Client/Server Computing Dr. Michele Weigle Department of Computer Science Old Dominion University 1 Applications and Overview!!Application: Communicating, distributed processes»! Running in hosts in user space»! Exchange messages to implement!!application-layer protocols»! One!piece" of an»! Defines messages exchanged and actions taken»! Uses services provided by lower layer protocols regional ISP 2
2 Overview!!Application-layer protocols define:»! The types of messages exchanged»! The syntax and semantics of messages»! The rules for when and how messages are sent!!public protocols (defined in RFCs)»! HTTP, FTP, SMTP, POP, IMAP, DNS!!Proprietary protocols»! RealAudio, RealVideo»! IP telephony»! 3 Outline!!The architecture of distributed systems»! Client/Server computing!!example client/server systems and their -level protocols»! The World-Wide Web (HTTP)»! (SMTP & POP)»! Internet Domain Name System (DNS) 4
3 Client-Server Architecture Server:»! always-on host»! permanent IP address»! server farms for scaling Clients:»! communicate with server»! may be intermittently connected»! may have dynamic IP addresses»! do not communicate directly with each other 5 Transport Services Data loss!! Some apps (e.g., audio) can tolerate some loss!! Other apps (e.g., file transfer, telnet) require 100% reliable data transfer Timing!! Some apps (e.g., Internet telephony, interactive games) require low delay to be!effective" Bandwidth!! Some apps (e.g., multimedia) require minimum amount of bandwidth to be!effective"!! Other apps (! apps") make use of whatever bandwidth they get 6
4 Internet Applications Transport Service Requirements Application Data loss Bandwidth Time Sensitive file transfer Web documents real-time audio/video stored audio/video interactive games instant messaging loss-tolerant loss-tolerant loss-tolerant audio: 5kbps-1Mbps video:10kbps-5mbps same as above few kbps up no no no yes, 100#s ms yes, few secs yes, 100#s ms yes and no 7 Internet Transport Protocols Services Provided!! service:»! connection-oriented: setup required between client, server»! reliable between sending and receiving process»! flow control: sender won t overwhelm receiver»! congestion control: throttle sender when overloaded»! does not provide: timing, minimum bandwidth guarantees!! UDP service:»! unreliable data transfer between sending and receiving process»! does not provide: connection setup, reliability, flow control, congestion control, timing, or minimum bandwidth guarantees Why bother? Why is there a UDP? 8
5 Internet Applications Application and Transport Protocols Application Application layer protocol Underlying protocol remote terminal access Web file transfer streaming multimedia Internet telephony SMTP [RFC 2821] Telnet [RFC 854] HTTP [RFC 2616] FTP [RFC 959] HTTP (YouTube), proprietary (RealNetworks) proprietary (e.g., Skype) or UDP typically UDP 9 The Application Layer The client-server model!!typical has two pieces: client and server!!client:»! Initiates contact with server (!speaks first")»! Requests service from server»! For Web, client is implemented in browser; for , in mail reader!!server:»! Provides requested service to client»!!always" running»! May also include a!client interface" Client reply request Server 10
6 Client-Server Model Addressing!! Network s are communicating, distributed processes.!! Processes are addressed using an IP address and a port number process socket with buffers, variables Internet domain name of host e.g., deneb.cs.odu.edu Local port numbers (e.g., 10001) Internet addresses of hosts (e.g., ) DNS process socket with buffers, variables 11 Client-Server Model!!Before data can be transmitted, requires connection setup»! called a 3-way handshake 3-way handshake bytes Client bytes Internet Server 12
7 Client-Server Model and The three-way handshake!! Client sends SYN segment to server client server!! Server receives SYN, replies with SYN+ACK segment»! ACKs received SYN!! Third segment may be an ACK only or an ACK+data RTT Connection request (SYN)" Connection granted " (SYN/ACK)" Connection setup complete" (ACK) + data!!! Takes 1 round-trip time (RTT) to complete 13 Outline!!The architecture of distributed systems»! Client/Server computing»! P2P computing»! Hybrid (Client/Server and P2P) systems!!example client/server systems and their -level protocols»! The World-Wide Web (HTTP)»! (SMTP & POP)»! Internet Domain Name System (DNS) 14
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