Getting started with FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software for IoT sensor node connection to 6LoWPAN networks using sub-1ghz RF

Transcription

1 User manual Getting started with FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software for IoT sensor node connection to 6LoWPAN networks using sub-1ghz RF Introduction FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 is an STM32 ODE function pack. Thanks to this package, you can connect your IoT node to a 6LoWPAN wireless sensor network and expose the sensor and actuator resources using standard application layer protocols. This package helps you jumpstart IoT development and save time when integrating the various underlying functions. This software package provides a sample application allowing RESTful access to the sensors and actuators on the IoT node through the OMA Lightweight M2M (LWM2M) standard, using the IPSO Smart Object Guidelines for data representation. The software runs on the STM32 microcontroller and includes drivers for the SPIRIT1 based sub-1ghz RF communication modules (SPSGRF-868 or SPSGRF-915), as well as the motion, environmental, and time-of-flight sensors. February 2017 DocID Rev 2 1/26

2 Contents Contents UM Acronyms and abbreviations FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software package Overview Architecture Folder structure APIs End-to-end system description and setup End-to-end system overview End-to-end connectivity scenario using a 6LoWPAN-to-WiFi bridge and remote application server End-to-end connectivity scenario using an IPv6 host PC and local application server LWM2M application server (Leshan) Wireless sensor node applications Wireless sensor node setup System setup guide Hardware description STM32 Nucleo platform X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 or X-NUCLEO-IDS01A5 expansion board X-NUCLEO-IKS01A1 or X-NUCLEO-IKS01A2 expansion board X-NUCLEO-6180XA1 expansion board Software requirements Hardware setup Hardware setup guide References Revision history /26 DocID Rev 2

3 List of tables List of tables Table 1: List of acronyms... 5 Table 2: IPSO objects supported by the ipso-nosensors application Table 3: IPSO objects supported by the ipso-mems application Table 4: IPSO objects supported by the ipso-flightsense application Table 5: Document revision history DocID Rev 2 3/26

4 List of figures List of figures UM2100 Figure 1: FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software architecture... 7 Figure 2: FP- SNS-6LPNODE1 package folder structure... 8 Figure 3: End-to-end connectivity using a 6LoWPAN-WiFi bridge... 9 Figure 4: End-to-end connectivity scenario using a host PC Figure 5: Serial line terminal configuration parameters Figure 6: Client node registered on the remote server Figure 7: Leshan server homepage Figure 8: Leshan server, client homepage Figure 9: Leshan server observing and reading resources belonging to IPSO objects Figure 10: STM32 Nucleo board Figure 11: X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 / X-NUCLEO-IDS01A5 expansion board Figure 12: X-NUCLEO-IKS01A1 expansion board Figure 13: X-NUCLEO-IKS01A2 MEMS and environmental sensor expansion board Figure 14: X-NUCLEO-6180XA1 expansion board Figure 15: STM32 Nucleo plus the SPIRIT1 expansion board Figure 16: STM32 Nucleo plus the SPIRIT1 expansion board plus the MEMS expansion board Figure 17: STM32 Nucleo plus the SPIRIT1 expansion board plus the FlightSense expansion board /26 DocID Rev 2

5 Acronyms and abbreviations 1 Acronyms and abbreviations Table 1: List of acronyms Acronym Description IDE integrated development environment BSP board support package HAL hardware abstraction layer UDP user datagram protocol 6LoWPAN IPv6 over low power wireless personal area networks RPL routing protocol for low power and lossy networks MCU microcontroller unit RF radio frequency OS operative system CoAP constrained application protocol LWM2M lightweight machine to machine IoT internet of things IPSO IP for smart objects MEMS micro electro-mechanical systems Wi-Fi wireless LAN based on IEEE GUI graphical user interface DocID Rev 2 5/26

6 FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software package UM FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software package 2.1 Overview FP-NET-6LPNODE1 is a software package which expands the functionality of STM32Cube. The key features of the package are: Complete firmware to connect an IoT node with sensors and actuators to a 6LoWPAN network, using sub-1ghz RF communication technology Middleware library with Contiki OS and Contiki 6LoWPAN protocol stack 3.0 Support for mesh networking technology through the standard RPL protocol IPSO Smart Object data representation of the node resources (sensors and actuators) Access to the node from a remote server with the OMA Lightweight M2M (LWM2M) standard Sample implementation available for X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 or X-NUCLEO-IDS01A5 RF boards, X-NUCLEO-IKS01A1 or X-NUCLEO-IKS01A2, and X-NUCLEO-6180X1 sensor boards, when connected to a NUCLEO-F401RE or a NUCLEO-L152RE board Easy portability across different MCU families, thanks to STM32Cube Free, user-friendly license terms This software uses Contiki OS to develop applications that can connect our node to a 6LoWPAN network. Communication in the 6LoWPAN network is handled by the SPIRIT1 sub-1ghz RF transceiver (on an X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 or X-NUCLEO-IDS01A5 expansion board). Sensor data from motion and environmental sensors boards (X-NUCLEO-IKS01A1 or X-NUCLEO-IKS01A2) and proximity sensor, gesture and ALS sensor board (X- NUCLEO-6180XA1) can be accessed from a remote device via RESTful transactions (HTTP or CoAP protocol). The software enables the exposure of sensor and actuator resources on the node with standard routines based on the OMA Lightweight M2M (LWM2M) specification, through an object model implemented according to the IPSO Smart Object Guidelines (see Technical details on the Contiki OS/6LoWPAN stack can be found at in the Internals section of the wiki. Information regarding Contiki APIs is available in the doxygen documentation in the FP- SNS-6LPNODE1 package. 2.2 Architecture This software is based on the STM32CubeHAL hardware abstraction layer for the STM32 microcontroller. it extends STM32Cube by providing a board support package (BSP) for the sub-1ghz RF communication expansion boards, the environmental and motion MEMS sensors expansion board, and for the proximity, ranging and light sensing sensors expansion board. The drivers abstract low-level details of the hardware and allow the middleware components and applications to access sensor data in a hardwareindependent manner, and to access and control the SPIRIT1 based sub-1ghz RF communication modules (SPSGRF-868 or SPSGRF-915). 6/26 DocID Rev 2

7 FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software package The software layers used by the application software to access and use the X-NUCLEO expansion boards are the following: STM32Cube HAL layer: consists of a simple, generic and multi-instance set of APIs (application programming interfaces) to interact with the upper application, library and stack layers. These generic and extension APIs are directly built around a generic architecture and allows layers like the middleware layer built on top of them to implement their functions without requiring specific hardware configuration information for given microcontroller units (MCU). This structure improves library code reusability and guarantees easy portability across other devices. Board support package (BSP) layer: supports the peripherals on the STM32 Nucleo board, except the MCU. This limited set of APIs provides a programming interface for certain board specific peripherals like the LED and user button. This interface also helps in identifying the specific board version. Figure 1: FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software architecture DocID Rev 2 7/26

8 FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software package 2.3 Folder structure Figure 2: FP- SNS-6LPNODE1 package folder structure UM2100 The folders in the software package are: 2.4 APIs Documentation: with a compiled HTML file generated from the source code, which details the software components and APIs. Drivers: the HAL drivers, the board-specific drivers for each supported board or hardware platform (including those for the onboard components) and the CMSIS vendor-independent hardware abstraction layer for the Cortex-M processor series. Middlewares: contains the full porting of the Contiki OS for the STM32 platform. The ST subfolder contains STM32-specific files to configure both the Contiki OS and the SPIRIT1 radio, while the Third_Party folder contains Contiki source files. Projects: contains several example applications that implement application-level functions to expose the node sensor and actuator resources through the LWM2M standard using the data model described in the IPSO Smart Object Guidelines. The projects are provided for the NUCLEO-F401RE and NUCLEO-L152RE platforms under the IAR Embedded Workbench for ARM, RealView Microcontroller Development Kit (MDK-ARM), and System Workbench for STM32 (SW4STM32) development environments. Detailed user API function and parameter descriptions are available in a compiled HTML file in the package Documentation folder. 2.5 End-to-end system description and setup End-to-end system overview In a typical end-to-end deployment scenario, a node runs a lightweight embedded web server that enables access from a remote system to the hosted resources representing the physical sensors and actuators on the node board. Resources can be accessed via RESTful transactions, which is performed with the CoAP application protocol in the context of constrained resource environments. 8/26 DocID Rev 2

9 FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software package End-to-end connectivity scenario using a 6LoWPAN-to-WiFi bridge and remote application server In this scenario, a 6LoWPAN-to-WiFi bridge forwards the traffic between the 6LoWPAN and Wi-Fi networks, allowing connectivity between a node in the 6LoWPAN network and an application server on the Internet. An implementation of the 6LoWPAN-to-WiFi bridge can be performed with the FP-NET- 6LPWIFI1 software package (STM32 ODE Function Pack) running on a NUCLEO-F401RE or a NUCLEO-L152RE equipped with an X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 or X-NUCLEO-IDS01A5 sub-1ghz RF expansion board, and a X-NUCLEO-IDW01M1 Wi-Fi expansion board. The FP-NET-6LPWIFI1 software package (STM32 ODE Function Pack) implementing a 6LoWPAN-to-Wi-Fi bridge is available at Figure 3: End-to-end connectivity using a 6LoWPAN-WiFi bridge For details explaining how to set up the 6LoWPAN-to-Wifi bridge and to establish the connection with a public application server implementing the OMA Lightweight M2M (LWM2M) standard, see Reference [1]. This server can be used for evaluation purposes. DocID Rev 2 9/26

10 FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software package End-to-end connectivity scenario using an IPv6 host PC and local application server UM2100 In this scenario, a 6LoWPAN border router is connected to a PC (IPv6 host). The wireless sensor node is connected to a 6LoWPAN border router that sends and receives IPv6 packets to and from the host PC. In our sample implementation, the border router system runs on an STM32 Nucleo board connected to the PC through a USB serial link. The application server could run on the internet or on the local PC itself, but we will assume a local application server implementation for the sake of simplicity. Figure 4: End-to-end connectivity scenario using a host PC See reference [2], section 2.5, for a detailed description of the IPv6 host and 6LoWPAN border router setup LWM2M application server (Leshan) The system has been tested with the Leshan Java based open source implementation of the OMA Lightweight M2M server. Leshan runs on a public Internet-connected server (as shown in Figure 3: "End-to-end connectivity using a 6LoWPAN-WiFi bridge ") and can be used for evaluation purposes, alternatively it can be installed on a local host, as shown in Figure 4: "End-to-end connectivity scenario using a host PC". Refer to for information on setting up the Leshan server on the host PC. The README file in the GitHub repository of the Leshan project at also contains installation information Wireless sensor node applications The FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software package Projects folder contains several sample applications for the X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 or X-NUCLEO-IDS01A5 sub-1ghz RF expansion board, X-NUCLEO-IKS01A1 or X-NUCLEO-IKS01A2, and X-NUCLEO-6180XA1 sensor expansion boards used on top of a NUCLEO-F401RE board. 10/26 DocID Rev 2

11 FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software package These applications can configure the wireless node as a REST server and expose the sensor and actuator resources using the OMA Lightweight M2M standard (LWM2M) and the IPSO Smart Objects Guidelines [3]. The applications differ by the type of sensors used ipso-nosensors application This sample application allows device configuration as a simple wireless node without any sensors. It exposes common resources like LEDs and user buttons. The device can be implemented using a NUCLEO-F401RE or NUCLEO-L152RE board equipped with an X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 or X-NUCLEO-IDS01A5 sub-1ghz RF expansion board. Table 2: IPSO objects supported by the ipso-nosensors application Object ID Instances Notes Server 1 1 Device 3 1 IPSO Digital Input The instance maps the STM32 Nucleo board user button IPSO Light Control The instances map the STM32 Nucleo and X-NUCLEO- IDS01A4/5 board LEDs ipso-mems application This sample application allows device configuration as a wireless node with motion and environmental sensors. It exports resources from the MEMS sensor expansion board (temperature, humidity and acceleration sensors). The device can be implemented using a NUCLEO-F401RE or NUCLEO-L152RE board equipped with an X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 or X-NUCLEO-IDS01A5 sub-1ghz RF expansion board, and an X-NUCLEO-IKS01A1 or X-NUCLEO-IKS01A2 expansion board, featuring temperature, humidity, pressure and motion MEMS sensors. Table 3: IPSO objects supported by the ipso-mems application Object ID Instances Notes Server 1 1 Device 3 1 IPSO Digital Input The instance maps the STM32 Nucleo board user button IPSO Temperature IPSO Humitidy IPSO Light Control The instance maps the STM32 Nucleo board LED IPSO Accelerometer IPSO Magnetometer IPSO Barometer DocID Rev 2 11/26

12 FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software package ipso-flightsense application UM2100 This sample application allows device configuration as a wireless node with a time-of-flight sensor (VL6180X proximity, gesture and ALS sensor, based on ST s FlightSense technology). The node exports resources from the FlightSense sensor expansion board. The device can be implemented using a NUCLEO-F401RE board equipped with a X- NUCLEO-IDS01A4 or X-NUCLEO-IDS01A5 sub-1ghz RF expansion board, and a X- NUCLEO-6180XA1 expansion board, featuring the VL6180X proximity, gesture and ALS sensor. Table 4: IPSO objects supported by the ipso-flightsense application Object ID Instances Notes Server 1 1 Device 3 1 IPSO Digital Input IPSO Presence Sensor The instance maps the STM32 Nucleo board user button IPSO Light Control The instances map the STM32 Nucleo and X-NUCLEO- IDS01A4/5 board LEDs Wireless sensor node setup All the sample applications provided demonstrate how a node can connect to a server by means of the OMA Lightweight M2M (LWM2M) standard. By default, the three sample applications are configured to implement the scenario where the wireless node attempt connection with a public online server (located at: it is is a Java implementation of a LWM2M server). Leshan also implements a GUI that communicates with the server through a REST API, more information about the Leshan server can be found at The Leshan public LWM2M server is used for evaluation purposes only. The sample applications can also be made to implement the scenario enabling connection to a Leshan LWM2M server that runs locally on a host PC. In this case, the URL of the local server must be inserted in the application code. To do this, undefine USE_PUBLIC_LWM2M_SERVER from the project properties (preprocessor symbols) and set the desired address in client.c file, e.g.: #define LWM2M_SERVER_ADDRESS_v6 aaaa::1 or #define LWM2M_SERVER_ADDRESS_v /26 DocID Rev 2

13 FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software package Connecting the wireless node to the LWM2M server 1 Power the STM32 Nucleo board using a Mini-B USB cable connected to the PC. 2 Program the firmware on the STM32 Nucleo board by copying (drag and drop) the binary file on the USB mass storage that is automatically created when plugging the STM32 Nucleo board to the PC. Ready-to-be-flashed binary firmware can be found for each of the three supported applications in the Binary subdirectory of each sample application folder. Alternatively, each application can be built to generate binaries using the provided projects, with one of the supported IDEs. 3 Open a serial line monitor utility, select the serial port name to which the board is connected and configure it with the parameters shown below (example uses Tera Term utility with the device connected to COM port 19). Figure 5: Serial line terminal configuration parameters 4 Press the black RESET button on the STM32 Nucleo board and wait for the node to complete the registration Figure 6: Client node registered on the remote server 5 Open your web browser and insert the URL of the public Leshan server ( for the default remote application server scenario, or insert the URL of the local Leshan server for the PC server scenario. Figure 7: Leshan server homepage DocID Rev 2 13/26

14 FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software package UM Click on the corresponding Client Endpoint Figure 8: Leshan server, client homepage 14/26 DocID Rev 2

15 FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software package 7 Start observing or reading one or more resources Figure 9: Leshan server observing and reading resources belonging to IPSO objects DocID Rev 2 15/26

16 System setup guide UM System setup guide 3.1 Hardware description This section summarizes the hardware components needed for developing a sensor-based application. Visit for more detailed information on all the associated boards STM32 Nucleo platform STM32 Nucleo development boards provide an affordable and flexible way for users to test solutions and build prototypes with any STM32 microcontroller line. The Arduino connectivity support and ST morpho connectors make it easy to expand the functionality of the STM32 Nucleo open development platform with a wide range of specialized expansion boards to choose from. The STM32 Nucleo board does not require separate probes as it integrates the ST- LINK/V2-1 debugger/programmer. The STM32 Nucleo board comes with the comprehensive STM32 software HAL library together with various packaged software examples. Figure 10: STM32 Nucleo board Information regarding the STM32 Nucleo board is available at 16/26 DocID Rev 2

17 3.1.2 X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 or X-NUCLEO-IDS01A5 expansion board System setup guide The X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 and X-NUCLEO-IDS01A5 expansion boards provide a platform to test the features and capabilities of the SPSGRF modules, based on the SPIRIT1 low data rate, low power, sub-1 GHz transceiver device. These expansion boards can be plugged into the Arduino UNO R3 connectors of any STM32 Nucleo board. The user can mount ST morpho connectors if required. Other expansion boards can easily be stacked to allow evaluation of different devices using sub-1 GHz communication. The boards are equipped with the following features: Onboard SPSGRF module based on the SPIRIT1 sub-1 GHz transceiver device SPI EEPROM for saving parameters LED for user interface Jumper at 3V3 for checking the current consumption of the expansion board Figure 11: X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 / X-NUCLEO-IDS01A5 expansion board DocID Rev 2 17/26

18 System setup guide X-NUCLEO-IKS01A1 or X-NUCLEO-IKS01A2 expansion board UM X-NUCLEO-IKS01A1 expansion board The X-NUCLEO-IKS01A1 is a sensor expansion board for the STM32 Nucleo board. It is also compatible with Arduino UNO R3 connector layout and is designed around humidity (HTS221), pressure (LPS25HB) and motion (LIS3MDL and LSM6DS0) sensing devices. The X-NUCLEO-IKS01A1 interfaces with the STM32 MCU via the I²C pin, and the user can change the default I²C port and the device IRQ by changing a resistor on the evaluation board. You can attach the LSM6DS3 DIL24 expansion component and use it instead of the one of the LSM6DS0 sensors. Figure 12: X-NUCLEO-IKS01A1 expansion board 18/26 DocID Rev 2

19 X-NUCLEO-IKS01A2 expansion board System setup guide The X-NUCLEO-IKS01A2 is a motion MEMS and environmental sensor expansion board for the STM32 Nucleo. It is equipped with Arduino UNO R3 connector layout, and is designed around the LSM6DSL 3D accelerometer and 3D gyroscope, the LSM303AGR 3D accelerometer and 3D magnetometer, the HTS221 humidity and temperature sensor and the LPS22HB pressure sensor. The X-NUCLEO-IKS01A2 interfaces with the STM32 microcontroller via the I²C pin, and it is possible to change the default I²C port. Figure 13: X-NUCLEO-IKS01A2 MEMS and environmental sensor expansion board DocID Rev 2 19/26

20 System setup guide X-NUCLEO-6180XA1 expansion board The X-NUCLEO-6180XA1 is an expansion board for the STM32 Nucleo system, also compatible with Arduino UNO R3 connector layout and designed around STMicroelectronics VL6180X proximity, gesture and ALS sensor, based on the ST FlightSense Time-of-Flight technology. UM2100 The board allows the user to test VL6180X functionality and develop relevant applications. It includes: a 4-Digit display to render either the range value in mm or the ambient light value in lux a switch to select the value type to be displayed a 2.8 V regulator to supply the VL6180X two level shifters to adapt the I/O level to the microcontroller main board the necessary connectivity for the application For applications which implement gesture recognition, you need to plug two additional satellite sensors to the connectors marked LEFT and RIGHT. The third connector (BOTTOM) is not used. Figure 14: X-NUCLEO-6180XA1 expansion board 3.2 Software requirements The following software components are needed in order to set up a suitable development environment for creating applications with the STM32 Nucleo plus RF expansion and optional sensor expansion boards: FP-SNS-6LPNODE1 software, available at One of the following development tool-chain and compilers: IAR Embedded Workbench for ARM (EWARM) toolchain + ST-LINK RealView Microcontroller Development Kit (MDK-ARM) toolchain + ST-LINK System Workbench for STM32 (SW4STM32) + ST-LINK 20/26 DocID Rev 2

21 3.3 Hardware setup System setup guide Hardware setup guide This section describes how to setup different hardware parts before writing and executing an application on the STM32 Nucleo board with the RF expansion board Configuration for ipso-nosensors sample application Required components: One STM32 Nucleo development platform (order code: NUCLEO-F401RE or NUCLEO-L152RE) One SPIRIT1 expansion board (order code: X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 (for 868 MHz), or X- NUCLEO-IDS01A5 (for 915 MHz) One USB type A to Mini-B USB cables to connect each STM32 Nucleo to the PC In the figure below, an X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 or X-NUCLEO-IDS01A5 SPIRIT1 expansion board is connected to the STM32 Nucleo board. Figure 15: STM32 Nucleo plus the SPIRIT1 expansion board DocID Rev 2 21/26

22 System setup guide Configuration for ipso-mems sample application Required components: UM2100 One STM32 Nucleo development platform (order code: NUCLEO-F401RE or NUCLEO-L152RE) One SPIRIT1 expansion board (order code: X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 (for 868 MHz), or X NUCLEO-IDS01A5 (for 915 MHz) One MEMS sensors expansion board (order code: X-NUCLEO-IKS01A1 or X NUCLEO-IKS01A2) One USB type A to Mini-B USB cables to connect each STM32 Nucleo to the PC In the figure below, a X-NUCLEO-IKS01A1 MEMS expansion board is connected to the STM32 Nucleo over the X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 or X-NUCLEO-IDS01A5 SPIRIT1 expansion board. Figure 16: STM32 Nucleo plus the SPIRIT1 expansion board plus the MEMS expansion board 22/26 DocID Rev 2

23 Configuration for ipso-flightsense sample application Required components: System setup guide One STM32 Nucleo development platform (order code: NUCLEO-F401RE) One SPIRIT1 expansion board (order code: X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 (for 868 MHz), or X NUCLEO-IDS01A5 (for 915 MHz) One FlightSense expansion board (order code: X-NUCLEO-6180XA1) One USB type A to Mini-B USB cables to connect each STM32 Nucleo to the PC In the figure below, an X-NUCLEO-IKS01A1 FlightSense expansion board is connected to the STM32 Nucleo development board over the X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 or X NUCLEO IDS01A5 SPIRIT1 expansion board. Figure 17: STM32 Nucleo plus the SPIRIT1 expansion board plus the FlightSense expansion board DocID Rev 2 23/26

24 References UM References [1] UM2080 User Manual - Getting started with the FP-NET-6LPWIFI1 software package connecting 6LoWPAN IoT nodes to the Internet via Wi-Fi networks, available at [2] UM2040 User Manual - Getting started with osxcontiki6lp, Contiki OS and 6LoWPAN sub-1 GHz RF software expansion for STM32Cube, available at [3] IPSO Alliance Smart Object Guidelines IPSO Smart Object Starter Pack, available at 24/26 DocID Rev 2

25 Revision history 5 Revision history Date Version Changes 17-Oct Initial release. 22-Feb Table 5: Document revision history Throughout document: added NUCLEO-L152RE board compatibility information DocID Rev 2 25/26

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