Fast IP Convergence. Section 4. Period from when a topology change occurs, to the moment when all the routers have a consistent view of the network.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Fast IP Convergence. Section 4. Period from when a topology change occurs, to the moment when all the routers have a consistent view of the network."

Transcription

1 Fast IP Convergence Section _05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 IP Convergence Convergence Time Period from when a topology change occurs, to the moment when all the routers have a consistent view of the network. No magic numbers most improvements have resulted directly from customer experience 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Presentation_ID.scr 1

2 Routing Protocols Distance Vector Advertise global information to local neighbors RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, BGP Link State Flood local information to all the routers in the network/area OSPF, ISIS 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Distance Vector R2 R1 A B R4 E R5 C D R3 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Presentation_ID.scr 2

3 Link State R1 R R1 A C R3 B D R4 E R5 R2 Logical View R3 10 R4 100 R5 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Issues Affecting Convergence Neighbor Discovery and Maintenance initial route exchange dead timers Detection of Changes How fast can the router detect a change? Are all changes equal? 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Presentation_ID.scr 3

4 Issues Affecting Convergence (Cont.) Propagation of Information How fast is the change propagated? Packetization delay. Network Design Hierarchy Addressing Redundancy 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 EIGRP - Basics Distance Vector Protocol uses DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm) incremental updates Maintains Topology Table Feasible Successors = loop free back up paths Widely deployed in enterprise networks 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Presentation_ID.scr 4

5 EIGRP - Feasible Successors The path through C is a Feasible Successor loop free immediate convergence!! E 100 B A D 150 C _05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 EIGRP - Active Process At A: D Advertises A Adds Inbound for B Advertises A Adds Inbound for B Is Not a Feasible Successor A B: 128 D: 1000 D B: 56 D: 2000 B: 56 D: 2000 B B: 56 D: 2000 C B: D: / _05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Presentation_ID.scr 5

6 EIGRP - Active Process A to D Link Fails A Queries B B Checks Its Topology Table B s Best Path Is through A B Queries C C Checks Its Topology Table C s Best Path Is Not through B C Replies to B B Replies to A A Uses Path through B A B: 128 D: 1000 D B: D: 100 B: 56 D: 2000 B: 56 D: /24 B B: 56 D: 2000 C 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 EIGRP - Stuck in Active A to D Link Fails A Queries B B Queries C On B: 3:00 2:30 2:00 1:30 1:00 0:30 0:00 %DUAL-3-SIA: Route /24 Stuck-in-Active State in IP-EIGRP 109 Cleaning Up A B: 128 D: 1000 D B: D: 100 B: 56 D: 2000 B: 56 D: /24 B B: 56 D: 2000 C 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Presentation_ID.scr 6

7 EIGRP - Stuck in Active B Resets Adjacency with C B Answers A (Negative Reply) B Relearns All Routes through C A B: 56 D: 2000 B: 56 D: 2000 B B: 56 D: 2000 C D /24 B: D: _05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 EIGRP - Stuck in Active Query process stops when: All queries are answered End of network reached The lost component is unknown 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 Presentation_ID.scr 7

8 Likely Causes for Stuck-In-Active Bad or congested links Query range is too long Excessive redundancy Router memory shortage Software defects (very seldom) 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 EIGRP - Minimizing SIA Routes Decrease query scope Summarization (manual or auto) Distribute-lists Particularly on dual-homed remotes Stub routers Query-State Message remind the neighbor about the outstanding Query 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Presentation_ID.scr 8

9 Decreasing Query Scope Queries Replies No Knowledge of / /24 IP summary-address eigrp on Outbound Interfaces toward Remote Routers 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 EIGRP - Stub Routers router eigrp 1 stub [connected][static][summary][receive-only] Defined on remote routers Restricts route advertisement to connected, static, summary, or none Queries are not propagated to stub routers 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Presentation_ID.scr 9

10 Decreasing Query Scope Example Queries Replies Distribution Layer /24 Router B Remote Sites Router C Router A Router D Router E 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Decreasing Query Scope Stub Remotes Queries Replies Distribution Layer /24 Router B Remote Sites Router C Router A Router D Remote Routers (Router C, Router D, and Router E) Are All Defined as Stub Routers Router E 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 Presentation_ID.scr 10

11 EIGRP - Other Issues Packetization delay = 10 ms Holddown Time = 5 sec Uses at most 50% of the defined bw for routing information configurable => user may set it to unusable values! Pacing <= 100 pps 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 21 OSPF - Basics Link State Protocol Network MUST have a logical hierarchical design Incremental Updates Refresh every 30 min - LSA grouping DNA bit may be used to eliminate refresh Probably the most used protocol 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 22 Presentation_ID.scr 11

12 OSPF - Neighbors Neighbor Discovery local router must appear in peer s neighbor list before becoming adjacent full database exchange once neighbors are adjacent Data transfer may only occur once the initial database synchronization has ended 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 OSPF - Neighbors (Cont.) HELLO timer = 10 second 30 sec on < T1 Dead Timer = 4 x HELLO interval Configurable Existing proposals for fast HELLOs would allow 1 sec Dead Timer. 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 Presentation_ID.scr 12

13 OSPF - Hierarchical Structure ABR Backbone Area #0 Area #1 Area #2 Area #3 Topology of an area is invisible from outside of the area LSA flooding is bounded by area SPF calculation is performed separately for each area 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 25 OSPF - SPF Runs Full SPF must be executed for intra-area routes Partial SPF calculated for inter-area routes and externals 5 sec holddown before executing SPF Configurable using timers ospf spf 10 sec between each SPF run 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 26 Presentation_ID.scr 13

14 OSPF - Propagation of Changes R1 LSP LSP LSP R4 LSP R5 LSP R3 Delay before generating LSAs 500 ms Flood List maintained per neighbor and per area 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 27 OSPF - Convergence Aids Clean definition of areas addressing / summarization Reduce the number of external routes summarize use stub areas 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 28 Presentation_ID.scr 14

15 ISIS - Basics Link State Protocol Logical hierarchical network design contiguous L2 all L1 areas are stubs Deployed in large ISP networks ISPs use only one Level in the whole network Route Leaking is prompting for hierarchical network deployment. 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 29 ISIS - Neighbor Discovery 3-Way Handshake HELLO interval = 10 sec. Min = 3 per second HoldTime = 3 x HELLO Interval Full MTU padding Prevents future failures Can be turned off using no isis hello padding 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 30 Presentation_ID.scr 15

16 ISIS - Initial Routing Exchange After 3-Way Handshake, CSNP are exchanged wait 2 sec before sending LSPs Speed enhancement: send local LSP on p2p networks All links are bi-directional 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 31 ISIS - Propagation of Changes Wait for LSP generation - increased exponentially up to 50ms for adjacency/interface changes 2 sec for IP address change, DIS adjacency or redistributed information 1 sec for inter-area LSPs 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 32 Presentation_ID.scr 16

17 ISIS - SPF Calculation SPF Calculation Initial wait 5.5sec -10 sec between runs Minimum times between SPF runs can be configured using spf-interval Partial Route Calculation may be executed when only leaf routes changed Minimum time between partial route calculations can be configured using prc-interval Backup Elements 2nd and 3rd best routes are tracked to reduce overhead and accelerate convergence 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 33 Exponential Back-Offs Fast reaction at first, but under constant churn, IS-IS slows down Old syntax still applies but can now configure the initial wait and a secondary wait Once more experience gained, defaults can be tuned to more appropriate values Use with care! 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 34 Presentation_ID.scr 17

18 LSP Creation - Extended Syntax lsp-gen-interval <x> <y> <z> <x> minimum time between creating new versions of the same LSP <y> msec between trigger and LSP build <z> msec between first and second build Timer is per node, not per interface All fragments are regenerated at once unchanged fragments are ignored 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 35 SPF & PRC - Extended Syntax spf-interval <x> [<y> <z>] <x> Time between SPF runs <y> Time between first trigger and SPF <z> Time between first and second SPF <x> is in seconds, <y> and <z> in msec Same syntax for prc-interval Should apply across whole network 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 36 Presentation_ID.scr 18

19 Example Behaviour Example: spf-interval Decide to run the first SPF: Y Z we wait 100 ms (value Y) and run first SPF we wait at least 1 second (value Z) before running a second SPF if needed if we need to run a third SPF, we wait a further 2 seconds (2 x value Z) we then wait 4 seconds before running the next SPF, then 8 seconds and so on _05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 37 Example Behaviour When the network calms down, and there were no triggers for 2 times the minimum interval - value (which gives us 20 seconds in this example), we go back to fast behaviour (100 ms initial wait) 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 38 Presentation_ID.scr 19

20 ISIS - Other Database Transfer Rate 33 LSPs/second Up to 50% of the BW on low speed interfaces (< T1) -- min = 1 LSP/sec Refresh timer of up to 18 hours 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 39 BGP - Basics Path Vector Protocol Logical TCP connections between nodes Incremental Updates Per AS behavior NET_HOP is next AS Deployed everywhere on the Internet 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 40 Presentation_ID.scr 20

21 BGP - Neighbors OPEN Messages are exchanged to indicate general parameters timers HOLDTIME 180s KEEPALIVE = HOLDTIME/3 May take a looong time to detect that a neighbor is down 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 41 BGP - Neighbors (Cont.) Only the best route is propagated Propagation depends on where the best path was learned from if form an ebgp peer, propagate to all other peers if from an ibgp peer, propagate only to ebgp peers A full logical mesh must exist between ibgp neighbors 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 42 Presentation_ID.scr 21

22 BGP - Failure Detection Loss of Neighbor: up to 3 min NET_HOP reachability: up to 1 min routing table scan interval configurable (also for synchronization between multiple routing tables) IGP Metric to MED: up to 10 min may result in non-optimal routing 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 43 BGP - MED 690 A MED = IGP metric to the NET_HOP 1755 B MED = Multi Exit Discriminator Indication of preferred path into an AS 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 44 Presentation_ID.scr 22

23 BGP Propagation Delay Propagation Delay between Updates 30 seconds for ebgp connections 15 seconds for ibgp connections Studies suggest the times may be reduced in the presence of BGP dampening. Real life observations 30 seconds average from Australia to East Coast US (Telstra) 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 45 BGP Policy Changes BGP only sends updates when changes take place if the policies change, then all the updates need to be sent/received again this used to mean a session reset ROUTE_REFESH allows for the new policies to be applied w/out disrupting the session New BGP Packet type Works inbound or outbound. 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 46 Presentation_ID.scr 23

24 BGP - Interaction w/igps OC-12 C OC-12 A B OC-3 OC-3 OC-3 A and B have external connections Full ibgp mesh The path through the AS is via C The NET_HOP is reachable through the IGP. 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 47 ISIS - Overload Bit Used to indicate unavailability of the node the LSP is transmitted, but the router is not used Set during initial boot-up to prevent traffic from being lost Can also be set while BGP is converging to prevent black holing traffic. Useful for maintenance. 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 48 Presentation_ID.scr 24

25 OSPF Stub Router Advertisement The router LSA is advertised with a metric of LS_INFINITY. Makes the router reachable, but not a candidate for transit (if an alternate path exists). The local router may be advertised as stub during boot-up, or while BGP is converging. 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 49 Routing Convergence Aids Non-Stop Forwarding Non-intrusive adjacency recovery and route exchange. Graceful Shutdown Faster failure detection. 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 50 Presentation_ID.scr 25

26 Non-Stop Forwarding - Summary BGP EIGRP ISIS OSPF Restart Capability Indication Restart Indication Implicit in TCP Forwarding State Implicit Implicit Implicit Peer Requirements All ibgp None None All Delayed Updates End-of-RIB End-of-Table Other <AFI, Sub-AFI> 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 51 Graceful Shutdown Operation Protocol Specific Signaling BGP EIGRP ISIS OSPF CEASE NOTIFICATION Update with the INIT-bit set LAN interfaces : IIH with an empty IS Neighbors TLV Point-to-Point Links: p2p Adjacency State TLV set to Init. Hello with an empty Neighbor list 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 52 Presentation_ID.scr 26

27 Summary The design of the network plays a VERY important role in the performance of the routing protocols. Ability to change the protocol is tied to the specification, the implementation and the deployed base. Current state based mainly on external experience - need to do more internal testing. 2899_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 53 Presentation_ID 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc Presentation_ID.scr 27

Symbols. Numerics I N D E X

Symbols. Numerics I N D E X I N D E X Symbols? (question mark), CLI help system, 126 Numerics A 2-router BGP topology, configuring, 279 284 4-router BGP topology, configuring, 266, 276 279 ABRs (area border routers), 9, 87, 95, 141

More information

MPLS Core Networks Николай Милованов/Nikolay Milovanov

MPLS Core Networks Николай Милованов/Nikolay Milovanov Tuning Core Routing Protocols Николай Милованов/Nikolay Milovanov Contents ISIS overview ISIS tuning http://niau.org 2 ISIS overview 3 IP routing design requirements Requirements towards the IGP protocols:

More information

Introduction to OSPF

Introduction to OSPF Introduction to OSPF ISP/IXP Workshops ISP/IXP Workshops 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 1 Agenda OSPF Primer OSPF in Service Provider Networks OSPF BCP - Adding Networks OSPF Command Summary 2 OSPF Primer 3

More information

IS-IS for ISPs. ISP Workshops. Last updated 25 th August 2015

IS-IS for ISPs. ISP Workshops. Last updated 25 th August 2015 IS-IS for ISPs ISP Workshops Last updated 25 th August 2015 1 Configuring IS-IS in Cisco IOS p Starting IS-IS in Cisco IOS router isis [name] n Where the optional name can specify the name of the ISIS

More information

Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE)

Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE) Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE) Foundation Learning Guide Foundation learning for the ROUTE 642-902 Exam Diane Teare Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 Implementing Cisco IP

More information

Introduction to Routing

Introduction to Routing 1 Introduction to Routing Session 2 Presentation_ID.scr 1 Agenda Addressing Concepts Routing Protocols Statics and Defaults 3 ISO OSI Reference Model Routing Information Protocol (RIP and RIPv2) L7 L6

More information

Optimizations for Routing Protocol Stability and Convergence

Optimizations for Routing Protocol Stability and Convergence Optimizations for Routing Protocol Stability and Convergence Brian Daugherty, CSE, CCIE #5879 Higher Education and Research Network Initiatives bdaugher@cisco.com 1 Convergence? con ver gence (k?n-vûr

More information

ABR (Area Border Router), 206, 216 access, dedicated networks, 23 access layer, three-layer hierarchical design model, 6

ABR (Area Border Router), 206, 216 access, dedicated networks, 23 access layer, three-layer hierarchical design model, 6 1358_fmi.book Page 460 Thursday, May 27, 2004 2:21 PM A ABR (Area Border Router), 206, 216 access, dedicated networks, 23 access layer, three-layer hierarchical design model, 6 access lists, scalable networks,

More information

Configuring BGP. Cisco s BGP Implementation

Configuring BGP. Cisco s BGP Implementation Configuring BGP This chapter describes how to configure Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). For a complete description of the BGP commands in this chapter, refer to the BGP s chapter of the Network Protocols

More information

Configuring BGP on Cisco Routers Volume 1

Configuring BGP on Cisco Routers Volume 1 Volume 1 I. Course Introduction A. Overview/Learner Skills and Knowledge B. Course Flow C. Additional References 1. Cisco Glossary of Terms D. Your Training Curriculum II. BGP Overview III. Introducing

More information

Ravi Chandra cisco Systems Cisco Systems Confidential

Ravi Chandra cisco Systems Cisco Systems Confidential BGP4 1 Ravi Chandra cisco Systems 0799_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 2 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Introduction to BGP BGP Peer Relationship BGP Attributes Applying Policy with BGP Putting it all

More information

Implementing Cisco IP Routing E-Learning

Implementing Cisco IP Routing E-Learning Implementing Cisco IP Routing E-Learning Duration: 1 Day Course Code: E-ROUTE Overview: In this course, administrators of medium-to-large network sites will learn to use advanced routing to provide scalability

More information

Routing Protocol - IS-IS

Routing Protocol - IS-IS Routing Protocol - IS-IS What is IS-IS? Intermediate System to Intermediate System intra-domain routing protocol :: IS, ES Is a Link State Protocol Is a dynamic routing protocol based on SPF routing algorithm

More information

Border Gateway Protocol - BGP

Border Gateway Protocol - BGP BGP Fundamentals Border Gateway Protocol - BGP Runs over TCP (port 179) TCP connection required before BGP session Need to be reachable! Path vector routing protocol Best path selection based on path attributes

More information

Vendor: Alcatel-Lucent. Exam Code: 4A Exam Name: Alcatel-Lucent Interior Routing Protocols and High Availability.

Vendor: Alcatel-Lucent. Exam Code: 4A Exam Name: Alcatel-Lucent Interior Routing Protocols and High Availability. Vendor: Alcatel-Lucent Exam Code: 4A0-101 Exam Name: Alcatel-Lucent Interior Routing Protocols and High Availability Version: Demo QUESTION 1 When a router receives an IP packet, but does not find a match

More information

IP Enhanced IGRP Commands

IP Enhanced IGRP Commands IP Enhanced IGRP Commands Use the commands in this chapter to configure and monitor IP Enhanced IGRP. For configuration information and examples, refer to the Configuring IP Enhanced IGRP chapter of the

More information

COURSE OUTLINE: Course: CCNP Route Duration: 40 Hours

COURSE OUTLINE: Course: CCNP Route Duration: 40 Hours COURSE OUTLINE: Course: CCNP Route 300-101 Duration: 40 Hours CCNP Route Training Day 1: Connecting Remote Locations Principles of Static Routing Configuring an IPv4 Static Route Configuring a Static Default

More information

Hands-On ROUTE Implementing Cisco IP Routing CCNP Course 1

Hands-On ROUTE Implementing Cisco IP Routing CCNP Course 1 Hands-On CCNP Course 1 Course Description Revised CCNP Curriculum and Exams Cisco has redesigned the CCNP courses and exams to reflect the evolving job tasks of global network professionals. Course 1 ROUTE

More information

Table of Contents. Cisco Introduction to EIGRP

Table of Contents. Cisco Introduction to EIGRP Table of Contents Introduction to EIGRP...1 Introduction...1 Before You Begin...1 Conventions...1 Prerequisites...1 Components Used...1 What is IGRP?...2 What is EIGRP?...2 How Does EIGRP Work?...2 EIGRP

More information

Testking Cisco _formatted

Testking Cisco _formatted Testking Cisco 642-832_formatted Number: 000-000 Passing Score: 800 Time Limit: 120 min File Version: 1.0 http://www.gratisexam.com/ Exam A QUESTION 1 Which two statements about the Cisco Aironet Desktop

More information

Ch. 5 Maintaining and Troubleshooting Routing Solutions. Net412- Network troubleshooting

Ch. 5 Maintaining and Troubleshooting Routing Solutions. Net412- Network troubleshooting Ch. 5 Maintaining and Troubleshooting Routing Solutions Net412- Network troubleshooting Troubleshooting Routing Network Layer Connectivity EIGRP OSPF 2 Network Connectivity Just like we did when we looked

More information

Cisco Implementing Cisco IP Routing v2.0 (ROUTE)

Cisco Implementing Cisco IP Routing v2.0 (ROUTE) Course Overview ROUTE v2.0, a five-day ILT course, includes major updates and follows an updated blueprint. (However, note that this course does not cover all items listed on the blueprint.) Some older

More information

Routing Protocol Type Primarily IGP or EGP RIP Distance-Vector IGP EIGRP OSPF IS-IS BGP

Routing Protocol Type Primarily IGP or EGP RIP Distance-Vector IGP EIGRP OSPF IS-IS BGP Appendix D Memory Tables Chapter 1 Table 1-2 Routing Protocol Characteristics Routing Protocol Type Primarily IGP or EGP RIP Distance-Vector IGP EIGRP OSPF IS-IS BGP Chapter 3 Table 3-2 Hexadecimal/Binary

More information

Operation Manual IPv4 Routing H3C S3610&S5510 Series Ethernet Switches. Table of Contents

Operation Manual IPv4 Routing H3C S3610&S5510 Series Ethernet Switches. Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1 Static Routing Configuration... 1-1 1.1 Introduction... 1-1 1.1.1 Static Route... 1-1 1.1.2 Default Route... 1-1 1.1.3 Application Environment of Static Routing...

More information

Introduction to OSPF

Introduction to OSPF Introduction to OSPF 1 OSPF Open Shortest Path First Link state or SPF technology Developed by OSPF working group of IETF (RFC 1247) OSPFv2 standard described in RFC2328 Designed for: TCP/IP environment

More information

scope scope {global vrf vrf-name} no scope {global vrf vrf-name} Syntax Description

scope scope {global vrf vrf-name} no scope {global vrf vrf-name} Syntax Description Multi-Toplogy Routing Commands scope scope To define the scope for a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routing session and to enter router scope configuration mode, use the scope command in router configuration

More information

Announcements. CS 5565 Network Architecture and Protocols. Project 2B. Project 2B. Project 2B: Under the hood. Routing Algorithms

Announcements. CS 5565 Network Architecture and Protocols. Project 2B. Project 2B. Project 2B: Under the hood. Routing Algorithms Announcements CS 5565 Network Architecture and Protocols Lecture 20 Godmar Back Project 2B due in 2 parts: Apr 29 and May 6 Extra Credit Opportunities: Expand simulator (and your implementation) to introduce

More information

Introduction to OSPF

Introduction to OSPF Introduction to OSPF ISP/IXP Workshops ISP/IXP Workshops 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 1 OSPF Dynamic Routing Protocol Link State technology Runs over IP, protocol 89 Designed by IETF for TCP/IP Supports VLSM

More information

Symbols. Numerics I N D E X

Symbols. Numerics I N D E X I N D E X Symbols %OSPF-4-BADLSATYPE error messages, 529 Numerics A 128-bit addressing scheme, IPv6, 5 2-way state, OSPF neighbors, 336 getting stuck, 398 400 32-bit addressing scheme, IPv4, 5 classes,

More information

PREREQUISITES TARGET AUDIENCE. Length Days: 5

PREREQUISITES TARGET AUDIENCE. Length Days: 5 Cisco Implementing Cisco IP Routing v2.0 (ROUTE) ROUTE v2.0 includes major updates and follows an updated blueprint. However, note that this course does not cover all items listed on the blueprint. Some

More information

EIGRP. About EIGRP. CLI Book 1: Cisco ASA Series General Operations CLI Configuration Guide, 9.7 1

EIGRP. About EIGRP. CLI Book 1: Cisco ASA Series General Operations CLI Configuration Guide, 9.7 1 This chapter describes how to configure the Cisco ASA to route data, perform authentication, and redistribute routing information using the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (). About, page 1

More information

Configuring Networking Protocols

Configuring Networking Protocols 11 CHAPTER This chapter describes how to configure the ML-Series card for supported IP routing protocols. It is intended to provide enough information for a network administrator to get the protocols up

More information

OSPFv3 Commands. address-family (OSPFv3), page 4. authentication (OSPFv3), page 7

OSPFv3 Commands. address-family (OSPFv3), page 4. authentication (OSPFv3), page 7 This module describes the commands used to configure and monitor the IP Version 6 (IPv6) Open Shortest Path First Version 3 (OSPFv3) routing protocol. For detailed information about OSPFv3 concepts, configuration

More information

Chapter 5: Maintaining and Troubleshooting Routing Solutions

Chapter 5: Maintaining and Troubleshooting Routing Solutions Chapter 5: Maintaining and Troubleshooting Routing Solutions CCNP TSHOOT: Maintaining and Troubleshooting IP Networks Course v6 1 Troubleshooting Network Layer Connectivity 2 Routing and Routing Data Structures

More information

Explanation: In order to verify proper route redistribution, use the "show ip route" command on all routers

Explanation: In order to verify proper route redistribution, use the show ip route command on all routers QUESTION 401 The 192.168.0.0/16 network is not being propagated throughout the network via BGP as expected. Observe the BGP configuration commands from the advertising router shown below. Router bgp 65111

More information

Module 6 Implementing BGP

Module 6 Implementing BGP Module 6 Implementing BGP Lesson 1 Explaining BGP Concepts and Terminology BGP Border Gateway Protocol Using BGP to Connect to the Internet If only one ISP, do not need BGP. If multiple ISPs, use BGP,

More information

(SP. routing WAN LAN Cisco router scalability) Provider

(SP. routing WAN LAN Cisco router scalability) Provider SPROUTE ploying Cisco Service Provider Network Routing (SP CCNP Service routing WAN LAN Cisco router scalability) 642-883 SPROUTE Provider Service provider routing service provider OSPF service provider

More information

Command Manual IPv4 Routing H3C S3610&S5510 Series Ethernet Switches. Table of Contents

Command Manual IPv4 Routing H3C S3610&S5510 Series Ethernet Switches. Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1 Static Routing Configuration Commands... 1-1 1.1 Static Routing Configuration Commands... 1-1 1.1.1 delete static-routes all... 1-1 1.1.2 ip route-static...

More information

Internet Interconnection Structure

Internet Interconnection Structure Internet Interconnection Structure Basic Concepts (1) Internet Service Provider (ISP) Provider who connects an end user customer with the Internet in one or few geographic regions. National & Regional

More information

Architectures and Protocols for Integrated Networks. Intra-domain and Inter-domain Routing Protocols

Architectures and Protocols for Integrated Networks. Intra-domain and Inter-domain Routing Protocols Architectures and Protocols for Integrated Networks Intra-domain and Inter-domain Routing Protocols How is the routing table built? Path finding Paths from a device to any other device. Aggregated according

More information

Routing Between Autonomous Systems (Example: BGP4) RFC 1771

Routing Between Autonomous Systems (Example: BGP4) RFC 1771 CS 4/55231 Internet Engineering Kent State University Dept. of Computer Science LECT-7B Routing Between Autonomous Systems (Example: BGP4) RFC 1771 52 53 BGP4 Overview Example of Operations BGP4 is a path

More information

CCNP 1: Advanced Routing

CCNP 1: Advanced Routing Scope and Sequence CCNP 1: Advanced Routing Cisco Networking Academy Program Version 3.1 TABLE OF CONTENTS CCNP 1: ADVANCED ROUTING...1 TARGET AUDIENCE...3 PREREQUISITES...3 COURSE DESCRIPTION...3 COURSE

More information

Cisco.Actualtests v by.DD.70q

Cisco.Actualtests v by.DD.70q Cisco.Actualtests.642-775.v2012-09-17.by.DD.70q Number: Cisco 642-775 Passing Score: 800 Time Limit: 120 min File Version: Version: 4.1 http://www.gratisexam.com/ Maintaining Cisco Service Provider Routing

More information

SEMESTER 2 Chapter 4 Distance Vector Routing Protocols V 4.0 RIP, IGRP, EIGRP

SEMESTER 2 Chapter 4 Distance Vector Routing Protocols V 4.0 RIP, IGRP, EIGRP SEMESTER 2 Chapter 4 Distance Vector Routing Protocols V 4.0 4.1.1 What are the three distance vector routing protocols? What are the key characteristics of RIP? What are the key characteristics of IGRP?

More information

Cisco CCNP ROUTE: Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE) 2.0. Upcoming Dates. Course Description. Course Outline

Cisco CCNP ROUTE: Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE) 2.0. Upcoming Dates. Course Description. Course Outline Cisco CCNP ROUTE: Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE) 2.0 Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE) v2.0 is an instructor-led five day training course developed to help students prepare for Cisco CCNP certification.

More information

Chapter 7: Routing Dynamically. Routing & Switching

Chapter 7: Routing Dynamically. Routing & Switching Chapter 7: Routing Dynamically Routing & Switching The Evolution of Dynamic Routing Protocols Dynamic routing protocols used in networks since the late 1980s Newer versions support the communication based

More information

CS 43: Computer Networks. 24: Internet Routing November 19, 2018

CS 43: Computer Networks. 24: Internet Routing November 19, 2018 CS 43: Computer Networks 24: Internet Routing November 19, 2018 Last Class Link State + Fast convergence (reacts to events quickly) + Small window of inconsistency Distance Vector + + Distributed (small

More information

IS-IS basic configuration 37 DIS election configuration 41 Configuring IS-IS route redistribution 45 IS-IS GR configuration example 49 IS-IS FRR

IS-IS basic configuration 37 DIS election configuration 41 Configuring IS-IS route redistribution 45 IS-IS GR configuration example 49 IS-IS FRR Contents Configuring IS-IS 1 IS-IS overview 1 Basic concepts 1 IS-IS area 3 IS-IS network type 5 IS-IS PDUs 6 Supported IS-IS features 13 Protocols and standards 15 IS-IS configuration task list 16 Configuring

More information

This document is exclusive property of Cisco Systems, Inc. Permission is granted to print and copy this document for non-commercial distribution and

This document is exclusive property of Cisco Systems, Inc. Permission is granted to print and copy this document for non-commercial distribution and This document is exclusive property of Cisco Systems, Inc. Permission is granted to print and copy this document for non-commercial distribution and exclusive use by instructors in the CCNP: Building Scalable

More information

Configuring EIGRP. Overview CHAPTER

Configuring EIGRP. Overview CHAPTER CHAPTER 24 This chapter describes how to configure the adaptive security appliance to route data, perform authentication, and redistribute routing information, using the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing

More information

Configuring Integrated IS-IS Protocol Shutdown Support Maintaining Configuration Parameters

Configuring Integrated IS-IS Protocol Shutdown Support Maintaining Configuration Parameters Configuring Integrated IS-IS Protocol Shutdown Support Maintaining Configuration Parameters The Integrated IS-IS Protocol Shutdown Support Maintaining Configuration Parameters feature allows you to disable

More information

IS-IS Configuration Commands. Generic Commands. shutdown IS-IS XRS Routing Protocols Guide Page 533. Syntax [no] shutdown

IS-IS Configuration Commands. Generic Commands. shutdown IS-IS XRS Routing Protocols Guide Page 533. Syntax [no] shutdown IS-IS IS-IS Configuration Commands Generic Commands shutdown Syntax [no] shutdown config>router>isis>interface ip-int-name config>router>isis>if>level level-number config>router>isis>if>segment-routing

More information

Chapter 8 Configuring OSPF

Chapter 8 Configuring OSPF Chapter 8 Configuring OSPF This chapter describes how to configure OSPF on HP routing switches using the CLI and Web management interface. To display OSPF configuration information and statistics, see

More information

Configuring BGP community 43 Configuring a BGP route reflector 44 Configuring a BGP confederation 44 Configuring BGP GR 45 Enabling Guard route

Configuring BGP community 43 Configuring a BGP route reflector 44 Configuring a BGP confederation 44 Configuring BGP GR 45 Enabling Guard route Contents Configuring BGP 1 Overview 1 BGP speaker and BGP peer 1 BGP message types 1 BGP path attributes 2 BGP route selection 6 BGP route advertisement rules 6 BGP load balancing 6 Settlements for problems

More information

Introduction to IS-IS

Introduction to IS-IS Introduction to IS-IS ISP Workshops Last updated 28 November 2013 1 IS-IS p Intermediate System to Intermediate System p ISO 10589 specifies OSI IS-IS routing protocol for CLNS traffic n A Link State protocol

More information

Routing Protocols. Technology Description BGP CHAPTER

Routing Protocols. Technology Description BGP CHAPTER CHAPTER 11 This chapter describes the level of support that Cisco ANA provides for routing protocols, as follows: Technology Description, page 11-1 Information Model Objects (IMOs), page 11-3 Vendor-Specific

More information

Top-Down Network Design, Ch. 7: Selecting Switching and Routing Protocols. Top-Down Network Design. Selecting Switching and Routing Protocols

Top-Down Network Design, Ch. 7: Selecting Switching and Routing Protocols. Top-Down Network Design. Selecting Switching and Routing Protocols Top-Down Network Design Chapter Seven Selecting Switching and Routing Protocols Copyright 2010 Cisco Press & Priscilla Oppenheimer 1 Switching 2 Page 1 Objectives MAC address table Describe the features

More information

CS 43: Computer Networks Internet Routing. Kevin Webb Swarthmore College November 16, 2017

CS 43: Computer Networks Internet Routing. Kevin Webb Swarthmore College November 16, 2017 CS 43: Computer Networks Internet Routing Kevin Webb Swarthmore College November 16, 2017 1 Hierarchical routing Our routing study thus far - idealization all routers identical network flat not true in

More information

OSPF Commands. adjacency stagger, page 7. authentication-key (OSPF), page 14

OSPF Commands. adjacency stagger, page 7. authentication-key (OSPF), page 14 OSPF Commands This module describes the commands used to configure and monitor the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol. For detailed information about OSPF concepts, configuration tasks, and

More information

Request for Comments: 3277 Category: Informational April Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Transient Blackhole Avoidance

Request for Comments: 3277 Category: Informational April Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Transient Blackhole Avoidance Network Working Group D. McPherson Request for Comments: 3277 TCB Category: Informational April 2002 Status of this Memo Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Transient Blackhole Avoidance

More information

CSc 450/550 Computer Networks Internet Routing

CSc 450/550 Computer Networks Internet Routing CSc 450/550 Computer Networks Internet Routing Jianping Pan Summer 2007 7/12/07 CSc 450/550 1 Review Internet Protocol (IP) IP header addressing class-based, classless, hierarchical, NAT routing algorithms

More information

Passit4Sure.4A Questions 4A Alcatel-Lucent Interior Routing Protocols and High Availability

Passit4Sure.4A Questions 4A Alcatel-Lucent Interior Routing Protocols and High Availability Passit4Sure.4A0-101.300Questions Number: 4A0-101 Passing Score: 800 Time Limit: 120 min File Version: 7.5 http://www.gratisexam.com/ 4A0-101 Alcatel-Lucent Interior Routing Protocols and High Availability

More information

EECS 122, Lecture 16. Link Costs and Metrics. Traffic-Sensitive Metrics. Traffic-Sensitive Metrics. Static Cost Metrics.

EECS 122, Lecture 16. Link Costs and Metrics. Traffic-Sensitive Metrics. Traffic-Sensitive Metrics. Static Cost Metrics. EECS 122, Lecture 16 Kevin Fall kfall@cs.berkeley.edu edu Link Costs and Metrics Routing protocols compute shortest/cheapest paths using some optimization criteria Choice of criteria has strong effect

More information

IS-IS Operation. SANOG July, 2017 Gurgaon, INDIA

IS-IS Operation. SANOG July, 2017 Gurgaon, INDIA IS-IS Operation SANOG 30 14-18 July, 2017 Gurgaon, INDIA IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System Designed for OSI networks to carry CLNS traffic (RFC1142 - ISO 10859) CLNP was to OSI, what IPv4/IPv6

More information

Chapter 4: Network Layer

Chapter 4: Network Layer Chapter 4: Network Layer 4. 1 Introduction 4.2 Virtual circuit and datagram networks 4.3 What s inside a router 4.4 IP: Internet Protocol Datagram format IPv4 addressing ICMP IPv6 4.5 Routing algorithms

More information

Operation Manual Routing Protocol. Table of Contents

Operation Manual Routing Protocol. Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1 IP Routing Protocol Overview... 1-1 1.1 Introduction to IP Route and Routing Table... 1-1 1.1.1 IP Route... 1-1 1.1.2 Routing Table... 1-1 1.2 Routing Management

More information

Configuring OSPF. Finding Feature Information. Contents

Configuring OSPF. Finding Feature Information. Contents Configuring OSPF First Published: May 5, 2008 Last Updated: March 18 2011 This module describes how to configure Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). OSPF is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) developed by

More information

IETF RFCs Supported by Cisco NX-OS Unicast Features Release 6.x

IETF RFCs Supported by Cisco NX-OS Unicast Features Release 6.x IETF Supported by Cisco NX-OS Unicast Features Release 6.x BGP, page 1 First-Hop Redundancy Protocols, page 2 IP Services, page 3 IPv6, page 3 IS-IS, page 4 OSPF, page 5 RIP, page 5 BGP RFC 1997 BGP Communities

More information

Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE)

Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE) Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE) COURSE OVERVIEW: Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE) v2.0 is an instructor-led five-day training course developed to help students prepare for Cisco CCNP certification.

More information

Internet inter-as routing: BGP

Internet inter-as routing: BGP Internet inter-as routing: BGP BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): the de facto standard BGP provides each AS a means to: 1. Obtain subnet reachability information from neighboring ASs. 2. Propagate the reachability

More information

9.1. Routing Protocols

9.1. Routing Protocols 9.1. Routing Protocols Each organization that has been assigned a network address from an ISP is considered an autonomous system (AS). That organization is free to create one large network, or divide the

More information

Planning for Information Network

Planning for Information Network Planning for Information Network Lecture 8: Network Routing Protocols Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 1 Routing protocol features There are many ways to characterize routing protocols, including

More information

FC LS Slovakia Expo Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

FC LS Slovakia Expo Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1 Fast Convergence for Link State Protocols Scott Sturgess scsturge@cisco.com 2 FAST CONVERGENCE: Concept and Types of Failure 3 FC Concept Convergence is the ability of the network to restore from a link

More information

Chapter 4: outline. Network Layer 4-1

Chapter 4: outline. Network Layer 4-1 Chapter 4: outline 4.1 introduction 4.2 virtual circuit and datagram networks 4.3 what s inside a router 4.4 IP: Internet Protocol datagram format IPv4 addressing ICMP IPv6 4.5 routing algorithms link

More information

Configuring OSPF. Cisco s OSPF Implementation

Configuring OSPF. Cisco s OSPF Implementation Configuring OSPF This chapter describes how to configure OSPF. For a complete description of the OSPF commands in this chapter, refer to the OSPF s chapter of the Network Protocols Reference, Part 1. To

More information

Introduction to OSPF OSPF. Link State Routing. Link State. Fast Convergence. Low Bandwidth Utilisation

Introduction to OSPF OSPF. Link State Routing. Link State. Fast Convergence. Low Bandwidth Utilisation Introduction to OSPF ISP/IP Workshops OSPF Open Shortest Path First Link state or SPF technology Developed by OSPF working group of IETF (RFC 47) Designed for TCP/IP Internet environment Fast convergence

More information

OSPF Commands on Cisco IOS XR Software

OSPF Commands on Cisco IOS XR Software This module describes the commands used to configure and monitor the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol. For detailed information about OSPF concepts, configuration tasks, and examples, see

More information

BRKRST Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

BRKRST Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Deploying OSPF in a Large-Scale Networks 2 Agenda Market Segments Service Provider Deployments Enterprise Deployments Design Best Practices Fast Convergence 3 Market Segments Market Segments Service Providers

More information

Inter-Domain Routing: BGP

Inter-Domain Routing: BGP Inter-Domain Routing: BGP Richard T. B. Ma School of Computing National University of Singapore CS 3103: Compute Networks and Protocols Inter-Domain Routing Internet is a network of networks Hierarchy

More information

Exam : : Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) Title. Ver :

Exam : : Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) Title. Ver : Exam : 642-801 Title : Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) Ver : 03-22-05 QUESTION 1 A packet that needs to be forwarded arrives on an interface of a router. In order for a router to route data,

More information

BGP can also be used for carrying routing information for IPv6 prefix over IPv6 networks.

BGP can also be used for carrying routing information for IPv6 prefix over IPv6 networks. This chapter describes how to configure the Cisco ASA to route data, perform authentication, and redistribute routing information using the Border Gateway Protocol (). About, page 1 Guidelines for, page

More information

log-adjacency-changes (IS-IS), on page 3 lsp-full suppress, on page 4 lsp-refresh-interval (IS-IS), on page 9

log-adjacency-changes (IS-IS), on page 3 lsp-full suppress, on page 4 lsp-refresh-interval (IS-IS), on page 9 log-adjacency-changes (IS-IS), on page 3 lsp-full suppress, on page 4 lsp-gen-interval (IPX), on page 6 lsp-gen-interval (IS-IS), on page 7 lsp-refresh-interval (IS-IS), on page 9 max-area-addresses, on

More information

DATA COMMUNICATOIN NETWORKING

DATA COMMUNICATOIN NETWORKING DATA COMMUNICATOIN NETWORKING Instructor: Ouldooz Baghban Karimi Course Book & Slides: Computer Networking, A Top-Down Approach By: Kurose, Ross Introduction Course Overview Basics of Computer Networks

More information

Routing with a distance vector protocol - EIGRP

Routing with a distance vector protocol - EIGRP Routing with a distance vector protocol - EIGRP Introducing Routing and Switching in the Enterprise Chapter 5.2 Copyleft 2012 Vincenzo Bruno (www.vincenzobruno.it) Released under Crative Commons License

More information

cisco. Number: Passing Score: 800 Time Limit: 120 min.

cisco. Number: Passing Score: 800 Time Limit: 120 min. 300-101.cisco Number: 300-101 Passing Score: 800 Time Limit: 120 min Exam A QUESTION 1 Examine the following output of the show ip ospf interface command. What would be the effect of executing the auto-cost

More information

Configuring OSPF. Finding Feature Information

Configuring OSPF. Finding Feature Information This module describes how to configure Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). OSPF is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) developed by the OSPF working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). OSPF

More information

BGP Commands. Network Protocols Command Reference, Part 1 P1R-355

BGP Commands. Network Protocols Command Reference, Part 1 P1R-355 BGP Commands Use the commands in this chapter to configure and monitor Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). For BGP configuration information and examples, refer to the Configuring BGP chapter of the Network

More information

Juniper Exam JN0-643 Enterprise Routing and Switching, Professional (JNCIP-ENT) Version: 13.0 [ Total Questions: 221 ]

Juniper Exam JN0-643 Enterprise Routing and Switching, Professional (JNCIP-ENT) Version: 13.0 [ Total Questions: 221 ] s@lm@n Juniper Exam JN0-643 Enterprise Routing and Switching, Professional (JNCIP-ENT) Version: 13.0 [ Total Questions: 221 ] Topic 1, Volume A Question No : 1 - (Topic 1) Which connection method do OSPF

More information

CHAPTER 4: ROUTING DYNAMIC. Routing & Switching

CHAPTER 4: ROUTING DYNAMIC. Routing & Switching CHAPTER 4: ROUTING DYNAMIC Routing & Switching CHAPTER4 4.1 Dynamic Routing Protocols 4.2 Distance Vector Dynamic Routing 4.3 RIP and RIPng Routing 4.4 Link-State Dynamic Routing 4.5 The Routing Table

More information

Configuration prerequisites 45 Configuring BGP community 45 Configuring a BGP route reflector 46 Configuring a BGP confederation 46 Configuring BGP

Configuration prerequisites 45 Configuring BGP community 45 Configuring a BGP route reflector 46 Configuring a BGP confederation 46 Configuring BGP Contents Configuring BGP 1 Overview 1 BGP speaker and BGP peer 1 BGP message types 1 BGP path attributes 2 BGP route selection 6 BGP route advertisement rules 6 BGP load balancing 6 Settlements for problems

More information

COM-208: Computer Networks - Homework 6

COM-208: Computer Networks - Homework 6 COM-208: Computer Networks - Homework 6. (P22) Suppose you are interested in detecting the number of hosts behind a NAT. You observe that the IP layer stamps an identification number sequentially on each

More information

Connecting to a Service Provider Using External BGP

Connecting to a Service Provider Using External BGP Connecting to a Service Provider Using External BGP First Published: May 2, 2005 Last Updated: August 21, 2007 This module describes configuration tasks that will enable your Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

More information

debug ip ospf database external default-metric subnet area 0 stub distribute-list in Serial0/1

debug ip ospf database external default-metric subnet area 0 stub distribute-list in Serial0/1 Which statement about stateless autoconfiguration is true? A host can autoconfigure itself by appending its MAC address to the local link prefix (64 bits). 2 Autoconfiguration allows devices to connect

More information

Cisco Exam Deploying Cisco Service Provider Network Routing (SPROUTE) Version: 7.0 [ Total Questions: 130 ]

Cisco Exam Deploying Cisco Service Provider Network Routing (SPROUTE) Version: 7.0 [ Total Questions: 130 ] s@lm@n Cisco Exam 642-883 Deploying Cisco Service Provider Network Routing (SPROUTE) Version: 7.0 [ Total Questions: 130 ] Question No : 1 When redistributing EIGRP routes into OSPF as type E2 external

More information

Routing in the Internet

Routing in the Internet Routing in the Internet Daniel Zappala CS 460 Computer Networking Brigham Young University Scaling Routing for the Internet 2/29 scale 200 million destinations - can t store all destinations or all prefixes

More information

Multi Topology Routing Truman Boyes

Multi Topology Routing Truman Boyes Multi Topology Routing Truman Boyes truman@juniper.net Copyright 2008 Juniper Networks, Inc. 1 Traffic Engineering Choices Today: IGP Metric Costing RSVP TE end to end Policy based routing EROs, Offline

More information

Configuring Cisco NSF with SSO Supervisor Engine Redundancy

Configuring Cisco NSF with SSO Supervisor Engine Redundancy CHAPTER 9 Configuring Cisco NSF with SSO Supervisor Engine Redundancy This chapter describes how to configure supervisor engine redundancy using Cisco nonstop forwarding (NSF) with stateful switchover

More information

OSPFv3 Address Families

OSPFv3 Address Families The Open Shortest Path First version 3 (OSPFv3) address families feature enables both IPv4 and IPv6 unicast traffic to be supported. With this feature, users may have two processes per interface, but only

More information

CCNA 3 (v v6.0) Chapter 6 Exam Answers % Full

CCNA 3 (v v6.0) Chapter 6 Exam Answers % Full CCNA 3 (v5.0.3 + v6.0) Chapter 6 Exam Answers 2017 100% Full ccnav6.com /ccna-3-v5-0-3-v6-0-chapter-6-exam-answers-2017-100-full.html CCNA Exam Answers 2017 CCNA 3 (v5.0.3 + v6.0) Chapter 6 Exam Answers

More information

Network Layer: Routing

Network Layer: Routing Network Layer: Routing The Problem A B R 1 R 2 R 4 R 3 Goal: for each destination, compute next hop 1 Lecture 9 2 Basic Assumptions Trivial solution: Flooding Dynamic environment: links and routers unreliable:

More information