NTNU The. rt Networks. 1.1: Explain. Norwegian

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "NTNU The. rt Networks. 1.1: Explain. Norwegian"

Transcription

1 NTNU The Norwegian Universityy of Science and Technology Department of Telematics TTM Access and Transpor rt Networks Exercise 2 Multiplexi ing - solution n. Task 1: Fundamental variants of multiplexing 1.1: Explain by use of text and sketches the principle of frequency division d multiplexing (FDM). Answer 1.1: Figure on the left show three different channels with their baseband spectra before translation. The multiplexed signal with frequencyy spacing B is shown in the right side figure. Figure below show one possible realization off an actual FDM multiplexer. A ring modulator is an electronic circuit that uses the baseband signal (= the information too be transported) to modulate a carrierr signal at the correct (target) frequency.

2 The demultiplexer is in this case very similar curriculum for a figure). (but inverse) to the multiplexerr (see the 1.2: What is Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)? Answer 1.2: Basically this is FDM for optical communication. Figure below illustrates that multiplexing and demultiplexing in this case can bee done by using passive splitters and combiners. The wavelengths to the left of the figure are either from differently tuned lasers or light diodes. We will return to this later in the course when we focus on optical communicac ation/networking. 1.3: What is the main difference between static and statistical timee division multiplexing (TDM)?

3 Answer 1.3: In static TDM each channell has access to a fixed time slot (position) in a frame structure which is repeated with a fixed period. Inn statistical TDM timee slots are allocated dynamically when needed to any channell with information available for transport. This also means that a frame structure is not necessary, but may be used anyway, for other reasons (e.g. for synchronization purposes, seee below). However in this case some addresss information must be added to each information unit since position in a periodic frame structure can no longer be used to identify the owner or intended recipient of the information. If ft K fk this is static TDM, if ft K fk this is statistical TDM. Task 2: Statistical multiplexing 2.1: Explain by use of text and sketches threee main types of statistical TDM variants. Answer 2.1: 1) Fixed information unit lengths and fixed frame structure?

4 A frame with a fixed number of available timeslots is repeated periodically. Channel number information is added to each fixed length information unit before transport in any available timeslot of the frame. Each frame starts with a frame lock word. 2) Fixed information unit lengths but not a fixed frame structure? Each fixed length timeslot (denoted( data in this case) contain both informationn unit and channel number (or some other identityy of the information unit). u Lock words are sent if no data is available for transport, but alsoo after a certain maximum number of data timeslots (= 6 above). 3) Variable informationn unit lengths (and no fixed frame structure) In this case the information unit may have an arbitrary length. Both channel number and a checksum taken over both channel number and actual user data, d is used. Flags are sent both before and after each information unit, and also continuouslyy when no informationn units are available for transport. The flag is a unique bit pattern not allowed a in any other part of the communication, e.g. the HDLC flag ( zero six ones o zero ). To avoid imitation of the flag, zero-insertion is used, see below. 2.2: How is synchronization maintained in the variant denoted Fixed information unit lengths and fixed frame structure? Answer 2.2: Synchronization by searching for a known bit pattern (= frame lock word) ) and then re-check that same pattern is there after 1 frame period, 2 frame periods and so on. This is necessary to avoid locking on to an imitation of the frame lock word in the data d part. After a certain number of identified sequential frame lock words, synchronization is assumed andd demultiplexing of received signal started. Frame lock words are continuously checked; if a certain number of

5 sequential wrong frame lock words are detected, loss of synchronization are assumed and initiation of a new bit level search for synchronism must be started. 2.3: How is synchronization maintained in the variant denoted Fixed information unit lengths but not a fixed frame structure? Answer 2.3: The frame lock word is constructed so imitations cannot happen in this case, by using an unused channel identity as part of the lock word. This unique frame lock word is transmitted continuously if no data is available to send, to keep receiver in synch with sender. If synch is lost a bit level search for the unique frame lock word must be done. 2.4: What about synchronization in the variant denoted Variable information unit lengths (and no fixed frame structure)? Answer 2.4: Synchronization in this case is based on the unique flag and zero-insertion in all other data. For HDLC this is done by adding a zero each time 5 ones are observed sent as part of user data. This extra zero is removed again at the receiver. However bit errors in the transmission may still lead to imitations of the flag in the user data. This is the reason why we also need to additionally use checksums. Bit level search for the unique flag and use of checksums for all information units is together enough to give full synchronization. 2.5: How do statistical multiplexers handle users with very different mean and (possibly) peak capacity needs? Answer 2.5: Statistical multiplexers are made for this situation. Unlike a static multiplexer where a fixed capacity (e.g. one time slot in each frame) is available and defines the peak capacity available for each user. Buffers are necessary to queue up information units available for transport in statistically based systems, but as long as they are well dimensioned (i.e. total capacity is enough to handle more than the sum of the mean rates from all sources) this works well and utilize resources much better than a static multiplexer where some time slots may be unused in some frames if the (fixed) sources do not have information to transport. Other sources may have information to transport but they must still wait for their time slots.

6 Task 3: Synchronous Digital Hierarchy ( SDH) 3.1: Give a high-level textual description of the main parts of the SDH system.. Answer 3.1: The system is based on periodic isochronous transmission of a frame called a Synchronous Transport Module (STM). Different capacities are possible by combining multiple basic units (STM-1). In the basic STM-1, parts (column 1-9) of the STM is reserved for administrative (section) overhead (including pointer structures to data content), parts (column ) is available to carry Virtual Containers (VCs) which constitutes the actual user data (Container C) and some path overhead (POH) specific to this user data. A VC can contain many lower level VCs, following specificc combination rules as stated by a defined d multiplexing hierarchy. An example is shown in the figure f below, where three VC-3s are a carried by a STM : How are plesiochronous streams handledd when carried by an SDH system? Answer 3.2: Assuming that the three streams above streams (Answer 3.1) ) are plesiochronous, we need a mechanism to allow these to move slightly in time relative too each other, and relative to the transport module (STM). These three streams (VC-3s) originate from systems with different clocks and thus will have slightly different mean bitrates whenn observed over a very long time period. Thus we need to adjust dynamically their starting position inside the STM. This is done by adjusting the pointers to these VC-3s,, see line 4 above and figure f below.

7 In addition we need to sometimes eitherr transfer one octet of informationn a bit ahead of time for this clock adjustment to take place, or skip one octet of information. Which one off these are necessary depend on whetherr the rate off the plesiochronous signal is higher or lower than the rate of the STM. Columns 7 to 12 of line 4 is used for this purpose, as illustrated in the figure above. Since each VC-3 has dedicatedd pointers and positions for adjustment, they can be individually adjusted relative to the rate of the STM. Seee curriculumm for more detailed illustrations. 3.3: Networks using SDH systems are most often organized with w ring structures, to increase dependability/protection of connections. Explain by use of text and sketches how a unidirectional self-healing ring works. Answer 3.3: The principle of this type of protection iss shown below.

8 Each unidirectional connection (working line) has a defined back-up (protection line) in the opposite direction around the ring. Information is sent simultaneously on both. When a fiber (link) between two nodes is cut, the receiving node will detect loss of signal and immediately switch over to receive the back-up signal instead. This gives excellent protection and low loss of information (typically 50 milliseconds switch-over time).

Backbone network technologies. T Jouni Karvo, Timo Kiravuo

Backbone network technologies. T Jouni Karvo, Timo Kiravuo Backbone network technologies T-110.300 Jouni Karvo, Timo Kiravuo Backbone network technologies This lecture tells about backbone networks After this lecture, you should know WDM, PDH, SDH and ATM understand

More information

Chapter 8: Multiplexing

Chapter 8: Multiplexing NET 456 High Speed Networks Chapter 8: Multiplexing Dr. Anis Koubaa Reformatted slides from textbook Data and Computer Communications, Ninth Edition by William Stallings, 1 (c) Pearson Education - Prentice

More information

Chapter - 7. Multiplexing and circuit switches

Chapter - 7. Multiplexing and circuit switches Chapter - 7 Multiplexing and circuit switches Multiplexing Multiplexing is used to combine multiple communication links into a single stream. The aim is to share an expensive resource. For example several

More information

Lecture 2 Physical Layer - Multiplexing

Lecture 2 Physical Layer - Multiplexing DATA AND COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS Lecture 2 Physical Layer - Multiplexing Mei Yang Based on Lecture slides by William Stallings 1 MULTIPLEXING multiple links on 1 physical line common on long-haul, high

More information

Backbone network technologies. T Jouni Karvo, Timo Kiravuo

Backbone network technologies. T Jouni Karvo, Timo Kiravuo Backbone network technologies T-110.300 Jouni Karvo, Timo Kiravuo Backbone network technologies This lecture tells about landline backbone networks After this lecture, you should know WDM, PDH, SDH and

More information

BROADBAND AND HIGH SPEED NETWORKS

BROADBAND AND HIGH SPEED NETWORKS BROADBAND AND HIGH SPEED NETWORKS SYNCHRONOUS OPTICAL NETWORK (SONET) Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) is a standard for optical telecommunications transport. SONET defines optical carrier (OC) levels

More information

UNIT-II OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL LAYER SWITCHING & MULTIPLEXING

UNIT-II OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL LAYER SWITCHING & MULTIPLEXING 1 UNIT-II OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL LAYER SWITCHING & MULTIPLEXING Syllabus: Physical layer and overview of PL Switching: Multiplexing: frequency division multiplexing, wave length division multiplexing, synchronous

More information

CSIS Frequency Division Multiplexing. Basic Types of Multiplexing. Frequency Division Multiplexing. Frequency Division Multiplexing.

CSIS Frequency Division Multiplexing. Basic Types of Multiplexing. Frequency Division Multiplexing. Frequency Division Multiplexing. Multiplexing: combining information streams from multiple sources for transmission over a shared medium Demultiplexing: separating a combination back into individual information streams CSIS 4222 Ch 11:

More information

Transport Network Technologies

Transport Network Technologies Course 34310 Introduction to Communication Technology Course 34311 Introduction to Networks for Telecommunication and Data Communication Transport Network Technologies October 23, 2010 Lars Staalhagen

More information

SONET. By Sadhish Prabhu. Unit II

SONET. By Sadhish Prabhu. Unit II SONET By Sadhish Prabhu History Digital carrier systems The hierarchy of digital signals that the telephone network uses. Trunks and access links organized in DS (digital signal) hierarchy Problem: rates

More information

Lecture 15: Multiplexing (2)

Lecture 15: Multiplexing (2) Lecture 15: Multiplexing (2) Last Lecture Multiplexing (1) Source: chapter 8 This Lecture Multiplexing (2) Source: chapter8 Next Lecture Circuit switching (1) Source: chapter9 Digital Carrier Systems Hierarchy

More information

Table of Contents 1 E-CPOS Interface Configuration 1-1

Table of Contents 1 E-CPOS Interface Configuration 1-1 Table of Contents 1 E-CPOS Interface Configuration 1-1 Overview 1-1 SONET 1-1 SDH 1-1 E-CPOS 1-5 Configuring an E-CPOS Interface 1-6 Configuring an E-CPOS Interface 1-6 Configuring the Operating Mode of

More information

UNIT- 2 Physical Layer and Overview of PL Switching

UNIT- 2 Physical Layer and Overview of PL Switching UNIT- 2 Physical Layer and Overview of PL Switching 2.1 MULTIPLEXING Multiplexing is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link. Figure

More information

INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION

INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION CCITT G.709 THE INTERNATIONAL TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE (11/1988) SERIES G: TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS General

More information

Introduction to Networks

Introduction to Networks Introduction to Networks Network Topology How we interconnect network users Network Hierarchy The connection between network topology and geographical size Telecommunication (Phone Networks) Circuit Switching

More information

What is SDH? Telecommunications Standards Primer. Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) Limitations of PDH Network

What is SDH? Telecommunications Standards Primer. Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) Limitations of PDH Network Página 1 de 7 Telecommunications Standards Primer What is SDH? This document is intended as an introductory guide to the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) standard. The following is a representative

More information

learntelecoms interactive e-learning suite of courses: SyncNet v6 SDH-based broadband networks SyncNet

learntelecoms interactive e-learning suite of courses: SyncNet v6 SDH-based broadband networks SyncNet Tel: 0845 0949 120 Email: info@ptt.co.uk Web site: www.ptt.co.uk SyncNet SyncNet v6 SDH-based broadband networks SyncNet is a suite of interactive, multimedia e-learning courses. provides training in the

More information

Subject Data Communication. Subject Code 15CS46. Module 2 (Part 2) Multiplexing and Switching

Subject Data Communication. Subject Code 15CS46. Module 2 (Part 2) Multiplexing and Switching 1. What is multiplexing? What are types of multiplexing? (Dec 2012) Multiplexing is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link. If the

More information

Synchronous Optical Networks SONET. Computer Networks: SONET

Synchronous Optical Networks SONET. Computer Networks: SONET Synchronous Optical Networks SONET 1 Telephone Networks {Brief History} Digital carrier systems The hierarchy of digital signals that the telephone network uses. Trunks and access links organized in DS

More information

CS 4453 Computer Networks Winter

CS 4453 Computer Networks Winter CS 4453 Computer Networks Chapter 2 OSI Network Model 2015 Winter OSI model defines 7 layers Figure 1: OSI model Computer Networks R. Wei 2 The seven layers are as follows: Application Presentation Session

More information

BROADBAND AND HIGH SPEED NETWORKS

BROADBAND AND HIGH SPEED NETWORKS BROADBAND AND HIGH SPEED NETWORKS SWITCHING A switch is a mechanism that allows us to interconnect links to form a larger network. A switch is a multi-input, multi-output device, which transfers packets

More information

Synchronous Optical Networks (SONET) Advanced Computer Networks

Synchronous Optical Networks (SONET) Advanced Computer Networks Synchronous Optical Networks (SONET) Advanced Computer Networks SONET Outline Brief History SONET Overview SONET Rates SONET Ring Architecture Add/Drop Multiplexor (ADM) Section, Line and Path Virtual

More information

ATM. Asynchronous Transfer Mode. (and some SDH) (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)

ATM. Asynchronous Transfer Mode. (and some SDH) (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode (and some SDH) (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) Why use ATM? Circuit switched connections: After initial setup no processing in network nodes Fixed bit rates, fixed time delay

More information

Communication Networks

Communication Networks Communication Networks Chapter 3 Multiplexing Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) Useful bandwidth of medium exceeds required bandwidth of channel Each signal is modulated to a different carrier frequency

More information

Transport Layer. Gursharan Singh Tatla. Upendra Sharma. 1

Transport Layer. Gursharan Singh Tatla.   Upendra Sharma. 1 Transport Layer Gursharan Singh Tatla mailme@gursharansingh.in Upendra Sharma 1 Introduction The transport layer is the fourth layer from the bottom in the OSI reference model. It is responsible for message

More information

Direct Link Networks. Framing. Lecture - Encoding & Framing 1. Problems. Areas for Discussion

Direct Link Networks. Framing. Lecture - Encoding & Framing 1. Problems. Areas for Discussion Areas for Discussion Direct Link s Joseph Spring School of Computer Science 3COM0271 Computer Protocols & Architecture s Based on Chapter 2, Peterson & Davie, Computer s: A Systems Approach, 4 th Ed Problems

More information

Optical Communications and Networking 朱祖勍. Nov. 27, 2017

Optical Communications and Networking 朱祖勍. Nov. 27, 2017 Optical Communications and Networking Nov. 27, 2017 1 What is a Core Network? A core network is the central part of a telecommunication network that provides services to customers who are connected by

More information

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL TRANSPORT CHAPTER 1

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL TRANSPORT CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL TRANSPORT This chapter covers the history of the development of SDH, SONET, and OTN. For consistency in the terminology used in this book I have included a list of conventions.

More information

Modems, DSL, and Multiplexing. CS158a Chris Pollett Feb 19, 2007.

Modems, DSL, and Multiplexing. CS158a Chris Pollett Feb 19, 2007. Modems, DSL, and Multiplexing CS158a Chris Pollett Feb 19, 2007. Outline Finish up Modems DSL Multiplexing The fastest modems Last day, we say the combinations and phases used to code symbols on a 2400

More information

Network Topologies & Error Performance Monitoring in SDH Technology

Network Topologies & Error Performance Monitoring in SDH Technology Network Topologies & Error Performance Monitoring in SDH Technology Shiva Sharma Electronics and Communications Department Dronacharya College of Engineering Gurgaon, Haryana Shiva.92@hotmail.com Abstract

More information

Optical networking technology

Optical networking technology 1 Optical networking technology Technological advances in semiconductor products have essentially been the primary driver for the growth of networking that led to improvements and simplification in the

More information

White paper Application note

White paper Application note Applications of the Stand-Alone Synchronization Equipment in optical networks and the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) White paper Application note Number 07 TELECOM NETWORKS PROFESSIONAL MANUFACTURING

More information

CSE 461 Multiple Access. David Wetherall

CSE 461 Multiple Access. David Wetherall CSE 461 Multiple Access David Wetherall djw@cs.washington.edu How to share a link Multiplexing = networking term for sharing a resource among multiple users (e.g., link, protocol instance) Topics: Multiplexing

More information

Automatic Service and Protection Path Computation - A Multiplexing Approach

Automatic Service and Protection Path Computation - A Multiplexing Approach Automatic Service and Protection Path Computation - A Multiplexing Approach Loay Alzubaidi 1, Ammar El Hassan 2, Jaafar Al Ghazo 3 1 Department of Computer Engineering & Science, Prince Muhammad bin Fahd

More information

INTRODUCTORY COMPUTER

INTRODUCTORY COMPUTER INTRODUCTORY COMPUTER NETWORKS TYPES OF NETWORKS Faramarz Hendessi Introductory Computer Networks Lecture 4 Fall 2010 Isfahan University of technology Dr. Faramarz Hendessi 2 Types of Networks Circuit

More information

Telco Scalable Backbones

Telco Scalable Backbones Telco Scalable Backbones PDH, SONET/SDH (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11 Everything that can be invented has been invented Charles H. Duell, commissioner of the US Office of Patents 1899 Agenda Basics Shannon

More information

Overview of Networks

Overview of Networks CMPT765/408 08-1 Overview of Networks Qianping Gu 1 Overview of Networks This note is mainly based on Chapters 1-2 of High Performance of Communication Networks by J. Walrand and P. Pravin, 2nd ed, and

More information

TDM Techniques. Time Division Multiplexing (synchronous, statistical) Telco Backbones (Digital Voice Transmission, PDH, SDH)

TDM Techniques. Time Division Multiplexing (synchronous, statistical) Telco Backbones (Digital Voice Transmission, PDH, SDH) TDM Techniques Time Division Multiplexing (synchronous, statistical) Telco Backbones (Digital Voice Transmission, PDH, SDH) Agenda Introduction Synchronous (Deterministic) TDM Asynchronous (Statistical)

More information

Module 10 Frame Relay and ATM

Module 10 Frame Relay and ATM Module 10 Frame Relay and ATM Lesson 34 ATM: Concepts And Header 10.2.1 INTRODUCTION IP has a varying packet size which causes no problem while multiplexing but makes switching difficult. ATM uses a fixed

More information

CPOS Interface. Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), defined by CCITT (today s ITU-T), uses a SONET rate subset.

CPOS Interface. Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), defined by CCITT (today s ITU-T), uses a SONET rate subset. SONET/SDH Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), a synchronous transmission system defined by ANSI, is an international standard transmission protocol. It adopts optical transmission where transmission rates

More information

TRANSPORT OF SDH ELEMENTS ON PDH NETWORKS: FRAME AND MULTIPLEXING STRUCTURES ITU-T

TRANSPORT OF SDH ELEMENTS ON PDH NETWORKS: FRAME AND MULTIPLEXING STRUCTURES ITU-T INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T G.832 TELECOMMUNICATION (11/93) STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU DIGITAL NETWORKS TRANSPORT OF SDH ELEMENTS ON PDH NETWORKS: FRAME AND MULTIPLEXING STRUCTURES ITU-T

More information

! Cell streams relating to different media types are multiplexed together on a statistical basis for transmission and switching.

! Cell streams relating to different media types are multiplexed together on a statistical basis for transmission and switching. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Networks! All source media is first broken down into a stream of fixed sized units known as cells.! Cell streams relating to different media types are multiplexed together

More information

Transmission Technology Ses SDH

Transmission Technology Ses SDH Transmission Technology Ses SDH ALTTC/TX1/SDH/CONCEPTS 1 CONTENTS SDH PROTECTION PLANNING SYNCHRONISATION ALTTC/TX1/SDH/CONCEPTS 2 SDH: DISCUSSION AREA WHAT IS SDH? EVOLUTION DRIVING FORCES LIMITATIONS

More information

Dynamic service Allocation with Protection Path

Dynamic service Allocation with Protection Path www.ijcsi.org 115 Dynamic service Allocation with Protection Path Loay Alzubaidi Department of Computer Engineering & Science, Prince Muhammad bin Fahd University AL-Khobar, Saudi Arabia Abstract Path

More information

Simple Optical Network Architectures

Simple Optical Network Architectures Simple Optical Network Architectures Point to Point Link The simplest optical communication system is that linking two points. The length of such links may be a small as 100 m for say, a computer data

More information

Optical Fiber 6 Days ( 1 Day Theoretical & 5 Days Practical ) Fiber Optic Cables Preparing & Splicing. Fiber Optic Cables Measurements

Optical Fiber 6 Days ( 1 Day Theoretical & 5 Days Practical ) Fiber Optic Cables Preparing & Splicing. Fiber Optic Cables Measurements Course Title: Transmission Technology Package Duration: 22 Days Optical Fiber 6 Days ( 1 Day Theoretical & 5 Days Practical ) Fiber Optic Fundamentals Fiber Optic Cables Preparing & Splicing Fiber Optic

More information

Lecture 4. Data Transmission Modes and Switching. Data Transmission & Switching 1-1

Lecture 4. Data Transmission Modes and Switching. Data Transmission & Switching 1-1 Lecture 4 Data Transmission Modes and Switching Data Transmission & Switching 1-1 Agenda Introduction to Data Transmission Modes Parallel and Serial Transmission Transmission Media Guided and unguided

More information

FPGA BASED IMPLEMENTATION OF STM-16 FRAMER IP CORE

FPGA BASED IMPLEMENTATION OF STM-16 FRAMER IP CORE FPGA BASED IMPLEMENTATION OF STM-16 FRAMER IP CORE 1 T.SHIVARAJA, 2 RASHMI PRIYADARSHINI, 3 RAJA JITENDRA NAYAKA 1 Mtech-4th Sem,ECE department, RITM Yelahanka Bangalore, Karnataka, India 2 Asst. Professor,

More information

For internal circulation of BSNL only

For internal circulation of BSNL only E3-E4 E4 (CFA) Overview of SDH AGENDA SDH & PDH Hierarchy SDH Network Survivability Synchronous All elements are synchronized with one master clock. DIGITAL Information is in binary. SDH OVERVIEW HIERARCHY

More information

ATM Logical Connections: VCC. ATM Logical Connections: VPC

ATM Logical Connections: VCC. ATM Logical Connections: VPC ATM Logical Connections: VCC Logical Connections in ATM are referred to as virtual channel connections (VCCs). Virtual channel (VC) is a generic term used to describe unidirectional transport of ATM cells

More information

ITU-T G.832. Transport of SDH elements on PDH networks Frame and multiplexing structures

ITU-T G.832. Transport of SDH elements on PDH networks Frame and multiplexing structures INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T G.832 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (10/98) SERIES G: TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS Digital transmission systems

More information

Introduction To Optical Networks Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective

Introduction To Optical Networks Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective Introduction To Optical Networks Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective Galen Sasaki Galen Sasaki University of Hawaii 1 Galen Sasaki University of Hawaii 2 Galen Sasaki University of Hawaii 3 Telecommunications

More information

Introduction. TDM Techniques. Agenda. Point-To-Point Channels

Introduction. TDM Techniques. Agenda. Point-To-Point Channels atenkommunikation 384081 - SS 2007 atenkommunikation 384081 - SS 2007 Introduction TM Techniques Time ivision Multiplexing (synchronous, statistical) igital Voice Transmission, PH, SH line protocol techniques

More information

Module 11 - Fiber Optic Networks and the Internet

Module 11 - Fiber Optic Networks and the Internet Module 11 - Fiber Optic Networks and the Internet Dr. Alan Kost Associate Research Professor Of Sciences, University Of Arizona Dr. Alan Kost is an Associate Research Professor of Sciences in the University

More information

Chapter 6 Questions. Problems

Chapter 6 Questions. Problems Chapter 6 Questions Q6-1. Q6-2. Q6-3. Q6-4. Q6-5. Q6-6. Q6-7. Describe the goals of multiplexing. List three main multiplexing techniques mentioned in this chapter. Distinguish between a link and a channel

More information

Real Time Implementation of Data Communication using Ipv4Telecom Network through Sdhstm-4 Digital Transmission Wan

Real Time Implementation of Data Communication using Ipv4Telecom Network through Sdhstm-4 Digital Transmission Wan RESEARCH ARTICLE Real Time Implementation of Data Communication using Ipv4Telecom Network through Sdhstm-4 Digital Transmission Wan SharadaOhatkar*, Sanjay Thakare**, RachnaChavan*, Mugdha Kulkarni *,

More information

CS 5520/ECE 5590NA: Network Architecture I Spring Lecture 13: UDP and TCP

CS 5520/ECE 5590NA: Network Architecture I Spring Lecture 13: UDP and TCP CS 5520/ECE 5590NA: Network Architecture I Spring 2008 Lecture 13: UDP and TCP Most recent lectures discussed mechanisms to make better use of the IP address space, Internet control messages, and layering

More information

Optical transport networks

Optical transport networks Optical transport networks Ullas Kumar CS Applications Engineer Zarlink Semiconductor Abstract The advances in optical networking are guiding the world towards an all optical network supporting a broad

More information

Packet/Frame, Error Detection How to send data efficiently & reliably?

Packet/Frame, Error Detection How to send data efficiently & reliably? Packet/Frame, Error Detection How to send data efficiently & reliably? Packet and Packet Communication - Shared Network Resource, Fairness, Reliability Frame - Byte Oriented Frame and Bit Oriented Frame

More information

Lecture 2 Communication services The Trasport Layer. Antonio Cianfrani DIET Department Networking Group netlab.uniroma1.it

Lecture 2 Communication services The Trasport Layer. Antonio Cianfrani DIET Department Networking Group netlab.uniroma1.it Lecture 2 Communication services The Trasport Layer Antonio Cianfrani DIET Department Networking Group netlab.uniroma1.it The structure edge: applications and hosts core: routers of s access s, media:

More information

Chapter 4 Transmission Systems and the Telephone Network. School of Info. Sci. & Eng. Shandong Univ.

Chapter 4 Transmission Systems and the Telephone Network. School of Info. Sci. & Eng. Shandong Univ. Chapter 4 Transmission Systems and the Telephone Network School of Info. Sci. & Eng. Shandong Univ. Skip in Chapter 3 Articles 3.8.7, 3.8.8 (polynomial math for CRC codes) Skip in Chapter 4 4.2.2 (SONET

More information

L1: Introduction. Hui Chen, Ph.D. Dept. of Engineering & Computer Science Virginia State University Petersburg, VA 23806

L1: Introduction. Hui Chen, Ph.D. Dept. of Engineering & Computer Science Virginia State University Petersburg, VA 23806 L1: Introduction Hui Chen, Ph.D. Dept. of Engineering & Computer Science Virginia State University Petersburg, VA 23806 8/15/2016 CSCI 445 Fall 2016 1 Acknowledgements Some pictures used in this presentation

More information

CS4700/CS5700 Fundaments of Computer Networks

CS4700/CS5700 Fundaments of Computer Networks CS4700/CS5700 Fundaments of Computer Networks Lecture 4: Fundamental network design issues Slides used with permissions from Edward W. Knightly, T. S. Eugene Ng, Ion Stoica, Hui Zhang Alan Mislove amislove

More information

1-Port OC-48/STM-16 Packet over SONET Line Card Configuration

1-Port OC-48/STM-16 Packet over SONET Line Card Configuration CHAPTER 14 1-Port OC-48/STM-16 Packet over SONET Line Card Configuration This chapter describes procedures for configuring the Cisco 10000 series 1-Port OC-48/STM-16 Packet over SONET line card, hereafter

More information

Network+ Guide to Networks, Seventh Edition Chapter 5, Solutions

Network+ Guide to Networks, Seventh Edition Chapter 5, Solutions Network+ Guide to Networks, Seventh Edition Chapter 5, Solutions Review Questions 1. When an Ethernet NIC has been configured by the OS to use half-duplex, the transmit pair of the twisted-pair cable uses

More information

UDP and TCP. Introduction. So far we have studied some data link layer protocols such as PPP which are responsible for getting data

UDP and TCP. Introduction. So far we have studied some data link layer protocols such as PPP which are responsible for getting data ELEX 4550 : Wide Area Networks 2015 Winter Session UDP and TCP is lecture describes the two most common transport-layer protocols used by IP networks: the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and the Transmission

More information

Local Area Networks (LANs): Packets, Frames and Technologies Gail Hopkins. Part 3: Packet Switching and. Network Technologies.

Local Area Networks (LANs): Packets, Frames and Technologies Gail Hopkins. Part 3: Packet Switching and. Network Technologies. Part 3: Packet Switching and Gail Hopkins Local Area Networks (LANs): Packets, Frames and Technologies Gail Hopkins Introduction Circuit Switching vs. Packet Switching LANs and shared media Star, bus and

More information

Telematics I. Chapter 1 A Quick Tour. Goals of this chapter Examples Direct connection between two devices Multiple devices Errors

Telematics I. Chapter 1 A Quick Tour. Goals of this chapter Examples Direct connection between two devices Multiple devices Errors Telematics I Chapter 1 A Quick Tour Goals of this chapter Examples Direct connection between two devices Multiple devices Errors (Acknowledgement: these slides have been edited from Prof. Karl s set of

More information

MSE 5010 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION. M5010/EN FT/A11 Version A

MSE 5010 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION. M5010/EN FT/A11 Version A M5010/EN FT/A11 Version A TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION M5010/EN FT/A11 Chapter No (if applicable) MSE 5010 Page 2/103 MSE 5010 Original signed by Date Name Visa Established 02/12/02/2004 Monique Wils Checked

More information

Optical Networks Jean-Michel Dricot BEST Course

Optical Networks Jean-Michel Dricot BEST Course Optical Networks Jean-Michel Dricot BEST Course - 2013 http://opera.ulb.ac.be/ Introduction 2/50 Tier-1 Core Network: the Internet Overall Internet traffic 500 TBytes/second. Capacity doubles every two

More information

Applications/Design. Example. Locating Resource. End-to-end. Connection UCB. Applications EECS 122

Applications/Design. Example. Locating Resource. End-to-end. Connection UCB. Applications EECS 122 /Design Web Browsing Web Browsing Telephone Call Multiplexing Protocols IETF Summary Example Locating Resource: DNS Connection End-to-end Packets Bits Points to remember TOC TOC Web Browsing Example Click

More information

Migration of TDM networks towards unified packet infrastructures. Wolfgang Fischer

Migration of TDM networks towards unified packet infrastructures. Wolfgang Fischer Migration of TDM networks towards unified packet infrastructures Wolfgang Fischer What is TDM migration Two different aspects Transport of native TDM traffic over a packet network infrastructure: Circuit

More information

Datasheet. Multi-Service Access Platform OPCOM3500E-12. OPCOM3500E-12 Feature. Raisecom Technology Co., Ltd.

Datasheet. Multi-Service Access Platform OPCOM3500E-12. OPCOM3500E-12 Feature. Raisecom Technology Co., Ltd. Multi-Service Access Platform OPCOM3500E-12 OPCOM3500E-12 Feature Overview OPCOM3500E MSAP is carrier-class Multi-Service Access Platform, and designed to enable establishment of service-integrated for

More information

INTRODUCTION DATA COMMUNICATION TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM COMPONENTS 1/28/2015. Satish Chandra satish0402.weebly.com

INTRODUCTION DATA COMMUNICATION TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM COMPONENTS 1/28/2015. Satish Chandra satish0402.weebly.com INTRODUCTION DATA COMMUNICATION Satish Chandra satish0402.weebly.com The term telecommunication means communication at a distance. The word data refers to information presented in whatever form is agreed

More information

Networks 15.2 Multiplexing Technologies Access Networks 15.5 Common Peripheral Interfaces

Networks 15.2 Multiplexing Technologies Access Networks 15.5 Common Peripheral Interfaces Chapter 15 Computer and Multimedia Networks 15.11 Basics of Computer and Multimedia Networks 15.2 Multiplexing Technologies 15.3 LAN and WAN 15.4 Access Networks 15.5 Common Peripheral Interfaces 15.6

More information

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction Emerging multimedia, high-speed data, and imaging applications are generating a demand for public networks to be able to multiplex and switch simultaneously a wide spectrum of data rates. These networks

More information

DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER NETWORKS

DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER NETWORKS DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER NETWORKS Second Edition PRAKASH C. GUPTA Formerly Head Department of Information Technology Maharashtra Institute of Technology Pune Delhi-110092 2014 DATA COMMUNICATIONS

More information

Beykent University Network Courses

Beykent University Network Courses /8/24 Beykent University Network Courses Module 3 : Optical Networks and Systems Part kaanavsarasan.weebly.com November 24 November 24 Course Outline Introduction to Optics Components of Optical Networks

More information

Direct Link Networks. Lecture - Encoding & Framing 1. Areas for Discussion. Problems

Direct Link Networks. Lecture - Encoding & Framing 1. Areas for Discussion. Problems Areas for Discussion Direct Link s Joseph Spring School of Computer Science 3COM0088 Computer Protocols & Architecture s Based on Chapter 2, Peterson & Davie, Computer s: A Systems Approach, 3 rd Ed Problems

More information

1. INTRODUCTION light tree First Generation Second Generation Third Generation

1. INTRODUCTION light tree First Generation Second Generation Third Generation 1. INTRODUCTION Today, there is a general consensus that, in the near future, wide area networks (WAN)(such as, a nation wide backbone network) will be based on Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) optical

More information

Synchronous Optical Networking Service (SONETS)

Synchronous Optical Networking Service (SONETS) Synchronous Optical Networking Service (SONETS) SONET, the U.S. standard for fiber optic synchronous transmission, enables the transport of voice, data, and multimedia information at rates ranging from

More information

Cisco ONS Port 10/100 Ethernet Module

Cisco ONS Port 10/100 Ethernet Module Cisco ONS 15305 8-Port 10/100 Ethernet Module The Cisco ONS 15305 8-Port 10/100 Ethernet module provides eight ports for Layer 1 or Layer 2 switched transport of Ethernet and Fast Ethernet traffic over

More information

Managing RAN Backhaul Services

Managing RAN Backhaul Services CHAPTER 4 This chapter describes how to use Prime Fulfillment to manage radio access network (RAN) backhaul services in Prime Fulfillment. It contains the following sections: Overview of RAN Backhaul Services,

More information

Practical NewGen Measurements with ONT-503/ONT-506/ONT-512

Practical NewGen Measurements with ONT-503/ONT-506/ONT-512 Application Note Practical NewGen Measurements with ONT-503/ONT-506/ONT-512 Practical NewGen measurements To evaluate NewGen network elements it is essential to test all particular technologies, which

More information

Review of ITU-T References in 802.3

Review of ITU-T References in 802.3 Review of ITU-T References in 802.3 Pete Anslow, Ciena IEEE P802.3bh, San Francisco, July 2011 1 Introduction During the Maintenance meeting 26 May 2011 in Incline Village, NV the forthcoming P802.3bh

More information

PLC and SONET/SDH Networks Bridging with Ethernet

PLC and SONET/SDH Networks Bridging with Ethernet PLC and SONET/SDH Networks Bridging with Ethernet Carolina Pérez 1, Enrique Areizaga 2, Daniel Múgica 3, Elena Terradillos 4, Amaya Pardo 5 1 ROBOTIKER-TELECOM, Parque Tecnológico de Zamudio, Edificio

More information

Name of Course : E1-E2 CFA. Chapter 15. Topic : DWDM

Name of Course : E1-E2 CFA. Chapter 15. Topic : DWDM Name of Course : E1-E2 CFA Chapter 15 Topic : DWDM Date of Creation : 28.03.2011 DWDM 1.0 Introduction The emergence of DWDM is one of the most recent and important phenomena in the development of fiber

More information

Master Course Computer Networks IN2097

Master Course Computer Networks IN2097 Chair for Network Architectures and Services Prof. Carle Department of Computer Science TU München Master Course Computer Networks IN2097 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Carle Christian Grothoff, Ph.D. Stephan Günther

More information

Transparent SONET or SDH over Packet (TSoP) Protocol

Transparent SONET or SDH over Packet (TSoP) Protocol Transparent SONET or SDH over Packet (TSoP) Protocol Transparent SONET or SDH over Packet (TSoP) Protocol is not supported on the Cisco ASR 900 RSP3 module. The Transparent SONET or SDH over Packet (TSoP)

More information

Transparent SONET or SDH over Packet (TSoP) Protocol

Transparent SONET or SDH over Packet (TSoP) Protocol Transparent SONET or SDH over Packet (TSoP) Protocol is not supported on the Cisco ASR 900 RSP3 module. The Transparent SONET or SDH over Packet (TSoP) protocol converts SONET or SDH TDM traffic to a packet

More information

Faculty of Science Final Examination. Computer Science B Basics of Computer Networks

Faculty of Science Final Examination. Computer Science B Basics of Computer Networks Student Name: Student Number: Faculty of Science Final Examination Computer Science 308-435B Basics of Computer Networks Examiner: Prof. Hans Vangheluwe Friday, April 27 th, 2001 Associate Examiner: Prof.

More information

Suppliers' Information Note. BT International Megastream 155. Service Description

Suppliers' Information Note. BT International Megastream 155. Service Description SIN 326 Issue 1.3 January 2016 Suppliers' Information Note For The BT Network BT International Megastream 155 Service Description Each SIN is the copyright of British Telecommunications plc. Reproduction

More information

Core Network. Core Network Technologies. S Verkkopalvelujen tuotanto S Network Service Provisioning Lecture 2: Core Network Technologies

Core Network. Core Network Technologies. S Verkkopalvelujen tuotanto S Network Service Provisioning Lecture 2: Core Network Technologies Lic.(Tech.) Marko Luoma (1/37) Lic.(Tech.) Marko Luoma (2/37) S-38.192 Verkkopalvelujen tuotanto S-38.192 Network Service Provisioning Lecture 2: Core Network Technologies Connects MAN networks together

More information

DATACOM NG SDH Multiplexers. Multiservice functionalities with unlimited applications.

DATACOM NG SDH Multiplexers. Multiservice functionalities with unlimited applications. DATACOM NG SDH Multiplexers. Multiservice functionalities with unlimited applications. DATACOM NG SDH multiplexers count with multiservice functionalities for high capacity access, transport and data switching

More information

S Optical Networks Course Lecture 5: TDM-Based Networks

S Optical Networks Course Lecture 5: TDM-Based Networks S-72.3340 Optical Networks Course Lecture 5: TDM-Based Networks Edward Mutafungwa Communications Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P. O. Box 2300, FIN-02015 TKK, Finland Tel: +358 9 451 2318,

More information

Physical Layer: Multiplexing, Spectrum Spreading and Switching. Covers Chapters# 06 & 08 from Text Book

Physical Layer: Multiplexing, Spectrum Spreading and Switching. Covers Chapters# 06 & 08 from Text Book Physical Layer: Multiplexing, Spectrum Spreading and Switching Covers Chapters# 06 & 08 from Text Book 2 Multiplexing From Chapter#06 3 Multiplexing If bandwidth of a medium linking two devices is greater

More information

Configuring POS interfaces

Configuring POS interfaces Contents Configuring POS interfaces 1 Overview 1 SONET 1 SDH 1 POS 1 Configuration procedure 1 Displaying and maintaining POS interfaces 3 POS interface configuration examples 4 Directly connecting switches

More information

Differential protection in MPLS- based networks.

Differential protection in MPLS- based networks. Differential protection in MPLS- based networks www.siemens.com/siprotec Application Application Line differential protection in context of MPLSbased communication networks APN-044, Edition 1 Content 1...

More information

SONET was developed by ANSI; SDH was developed by ltv T.

SONET was developed by ANSI; SDH was developed by ltv T. CHAPTER 17 SONETISDH In this chapter, we introduce a wide area network (WAN), SONET, that is used as a transport network to carry loads from other WANs. We first discuss SONET as a protocol, and we then

More information

Add and Remove Nodes

Add and Remove Nodes CHAPTER 14 Add and Remove Nodes This chapter explains how to add and remove Cisco ONS 15454 SDH nodes from multiplex section-shared protection rings (MS-SPRings), subnetwork connection protection (SNCP)

More information