Socket Programming(2/2)
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- Kristian Atkins
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1 Socket Programming(2/2) 1
2 Outline 1. Introduction to Network Programming 2. Network Architecture Client/Server Model 3. TCP Socket Programming 4. UDP Socket Programming 5. IPv4/IPv6 Programming Migration 2
3 UDP Socket Programming 3
4 Review of Transport Layer Services Connection-Oriented Transport Services Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Connectionless Transport Services User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 4
5 Connectionless Transport Services No (Logical) Connection Establishment Packet Switching Each Datagram is individually transmitted Out-of-order Unreliable Data Transfer Datagram Loss No Connection State No Flow control and Congestion Control 5
6 Comparisons of Transport Services 6
7 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) UDP provides an unreliable, connectionless service to the invoking application No handshaking between sending and receiving transport layer entities before sending data segments UDP is defined in RFC 768 ( UDP-based Internet Services/Applications: DNS, SNMP, RIP, Internet Telephony 7
8 Comparison of UDP and TCP Segments 8
9 Preview of UDP Sockets Functions UDP Sockets Interfaces between application layer and UDP transport layer Using socket() to a UDP socket without connection establishment Using sendto() and recvfrom() to send and/or receive user datagrams from peer hosts 9
10 Categories of UDP Sockets Functions 10
11 Operations of UDP Client/Server 11
12 Elementary UDP Socket Functions 12
13 Review of UDP Unreliable Data Transfer No (Logical) Connection Establishment Packet Switching Each Datagram is individually transmitted Out-of-order Sequence Unreliable Data Transfer Datagram Loss No Connection State No Flow control and Congestion Control 13
14 IP and Port Addressing for UDP UDP does not create a (virtual) logical channel before data transfer No peer service port binding information Each datagram should be explicitly specified its addressing information Source IP, Source Port Destination IP, Destination Port 14
15 UDP Socket Creation socket() socket -- create an endpoint for communication int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol) domain : Specify a communications domain - PF_INET type: Specify the semantics of communication - SOCK_DGRAM protocol: Specify a particular protocol to be used with the socket 0 15
16 sockfd = socket(pf_inet, SOCK_DGM, 0) ; 16
17 sockfd = socket(pf_inet, SOCK_DGM, 0) ; sockfd socket descriptor (handler) integer -1 means that socket is creating failure 17
18 sockfd = socket(pf_inet, SOCK_DGM, 0) ; Parameter : domain Domain value: PF_INET Internet Protocol version 4 PF_INET6 Internet Protocol version 6 PF_LINK - Link Layer Interface 18
19 sockfd = socket(pf_inet, SOCK_DGM, 0) ; Parameter : type type value : SOCK_STREAM - TCP SOCK_DGRAM - UDP SOCK_RAW - Raw Socket 19
20 UDP Socket Service Binding bind() Assign a local protocol address to a socket int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *my_addr, socklen_t addrlen) sockfd : socket descriptor created by socket() my_addr: Local address information including IP address and port value addrlen: byte length of local address information my_addr On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned It is usually used in server port binding 20
21 RetValue = bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&srvaddr,length); 21
22 If RetValue is equal to 0, RetValue = bind(sockfd,(struct binding local address, sockaddr local port *)&srvaddr,length); to the socket is Successfully If RetValue is less than 0, binding process is failed. 22
23 Application Process U Socket D P Transport RetValue = bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&srvaddr,length); 23
24 Service Addressing Information PF_INET Application Process U Socket D P Transport RetValue = bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&srvaddr,length); 24
25 Application Process U Socket D P Transport RetValue = bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&srvaddr,length);
26 sockfd = socket(pf_inet, SOCK_DRGM, 0) RetValue = bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&srvaddr,length); 26
27 srvaddr.sin_family Protocol Family (PF_INET) srvaddr.sin_addr.s_addr Local IP (0,0.0.0) srvaddr.sin_port Local Port (1260) RetValue = bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&srvaddr,length); 27
28 Length of srvaddr structure RetValue = bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&srvaddr,length); 28
29 Comparison of TCP and UDP Socket s IP and Port Binding TCP and UDP sockets use same function to create socket interface and IP and port information binding at server side TCP uses connect() to create a communication channel Communication channel is identified by the binding of local IP, local Port, remote IP, and remote Port UDP has no connection process to bind their IP and Port between local and remote hosts 29
30 UDP Socket Data Sending sendto() Send a message on a socket ssize_t sendto(int s, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen); s: File descriptor of the sending socket buf: Content of sending message len: Byte length of sending message flags: Control information of flags to: Addressing information of destination host tolen: Byte length of to structure 30
31 RetValue = sendto(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &server,length); 31
32 RetValue = sendto(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &server,length); 32
33 RetValue = sendto(sockfd,buffer, On success, these calls strlen(buffer),0, return the number (struct of characters sockaddr*) sent. &server,length); On error, -1 is returned 33
34 o l l e H Application Process U Socket D 1340 P Transport Destination Addressing Information. PF_INET RetValue = sendto(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &server,length); 34
35 o l l e H Application Process Socket Transport U D P RetValue = sendto(sockfd,buffer, 1340 strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &server,length); 35
36 Application Process U Socket D P RetValue = sendto(sockfd,buffer, 1340 strlen(buffer),0, Transport (struct sockaddr*) &server,length); o l l e H 36
37 Application Process U Socket D P RetValue = sendto(sockfd,buffer, 1340 strlen(buffer),0, Transport (struct sockaddr*) &server,length); o l 37
38 Application Process U Socket D P RetValue = sendto(sockfd,buffer, 1340 strlen(buffer),0, Transport (struct sockaddr*) &server,length); 38
39 sockfd : created by socket(pf_inet, SOCK_DGM, 0) ; RetValue = sendto(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &server,length); 39
40 buffer : block data Example: strcpy(buffer, Hello ) ; RetValue = sendto(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &server,length); 40
41 buffer length Example: strlen(buffer) RetValue = sendto(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &server,length); 41
42 control information of sento() function Flag value normally is 0 RetValue = sendto(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr*) &server,length); 42
43 server.sin_family Protocol Family (PF_INET) server.sin_addr.s_addr Destination IP ( ) sserver.sin_port Destination Port (1690) RetValue = sendto(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &server,length); 43
44 Size (length) of server structure RetValue = sendto(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &server,length); 44
45 UDP Socket Data Receiving recvfrom() Receive a message from a socket ssize_t recvfrom(int s, void *buf, size_t len, int flags, struct sockaddr *from, socklen_t *fromlen); s: File descriptor of the sending socket buf: Content of receiving message len: length of allocated buffer to receive message flags: Control information of flags from: Addressing information of sending host fromlen: Byte length of from structure 45
46 RetValue = recvfrom(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &peer,length); 46
47 RetValue = recvfrom(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &peer,length); 47
48 RetValue = On recvfrom(sockfd,buffer, success, these calls strlen(buffer),0, return the number (struct of characters sockaddr*) received. &peer,length); On error, -1 is returned 48
49 Application Process U Socket D 1340 P Transport RetValue = recvfrom(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &peer,length); H e l l o 49
50 Application Process U Socket D 1340 P Transport H e l l o RetValue = recvfrom(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &peer,length); 50
51 Addressing Information.of Sending Host PF_INET Application Process U Socket H D 1340 P e Transport l RetValue = recvfrom(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &peer,length); l o 51
52 H e l l o U Application Process Socket D 1340 P Transport Addressing Information.of Sending Host PF_INET RetValue = recvfrom(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &peer,length); 52
53 H e l l o Application Process U Socket D 1340 P Transport Addressing Information of Source Host PF_INET RetValue = recvfrom(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &peer,length); 53
54 sockfd : created by socket(pf_inet, SOCK_DGM, 0) ; RetValue = recvfrom(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &peer,length); 54
55 buffer: allocated space to receive incoming message RetValue = recvfrom(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &peer,length); 55
56 strlen(buffer) : size of allocated space RetValue = recvfrom(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &peer,length); 56
57 control information of recvfrom() function Flag value normally is 0 RetValue = recvfrom(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr*) &peer,length); 57
58 peer.sin_family Protocol Family (PF_INET) peer.sin_addr.s_addr Source IP ( ) peer.sin_port Source Port (1340) RetValue = recvfrom(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &peer,length); 58
59 length = size of peer structure RetValue = recvfrom(sockfd,buffer, strlen(buffer),0, (struct sockaddr*) &peer,length); 59
60 Comparison of TCP and UDP Socket Data Sending and Receiving 60
61 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() 61
62 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() send(int s, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags) sendto(int s, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen) UDP 62
63 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() send(int s, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags) int s, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags sendto(int s, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen) UDP Same socket and sending buffer parameters 63
64 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() send(int s, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags) sendto(int s, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen) UDP 64
65 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() send(int s, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags) const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen sendto(int s, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen) UDP UDP should specify addressing information to identify the destination at every sendto() process 65
66 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() send(int s, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags) sendto(int s, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen) UDP 66
67 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() TCP recv(int s, void *buf, size_t len, int flags) recvfrom(int s, void *buf, size_t len, int flags, struct sockaddr *from, socklen_t *fromlen); UDP 67
68 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() recv(int s, void *buf, size_t len, int flags) int s, void *buf, size_t len, int flags recvfrom(int s, void *buf, size_t len, int flags, struct sockaddr *from, socklen_t *fromlen); UDP Same socket and receiving buffer parameters 68
69 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() TCP recv(int s, void *buf, size_t len, int flags) recvfrom(int s, void *buf, size_t len, int flags, struct sockaddr *from, socklen_t *fromlen); UDP 69
70 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() TCP recv(int s, void *buf, size_t len, int flags) struct sockaddr *from, socklen_t *fromlen recvfrom(int s, void *buf, size_t len, int flags, struct sockaddr *from, socklen_t *fromlen); UDP UDP can get specific source information of receiving message at every recvfrom() process 70
71 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() TCP recv(int s, void *buf, size_t len, int flags) recvfrom(int s, void *buf, size_t len, int flags, struct sockaddr *from, socklen_t *fromlen); UDP 71
72 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), connect(), and accept(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client server UDP 72
73 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), connect(), and accept(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client server UDP 73
74 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), accept() and connect(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client Application Transport server Application Transport UDP 74
75 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), accept(), and connect(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client Application socket Transport server Application socket Transport UDP 75
76 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), accept(), and connect(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client Application socket Transport Local IP : Local Port: 1460 server Application socket Transport UDP 76
77 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), accept(), and connect(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client Application socket Transport Local IP : Local Port: 1460 server Application socket Transport UDP 77
78 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), accept(), and connect(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client Application socket Transport Local IP : Local Port: 1460 server Application socket Transport UDP 78
79 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), accept(), and connect(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client Application socket Transport Local IP : Local Port: 3865 (assigned by system) Local IP : Local Port: 1460 server Application socket Transport UDP 79
80 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), accept(), and connect(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client Application socket Transport Local IP : Local Port: 3865 Local IP : Local Port: 1460 server Application socket Transport UDP 80
81 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), accept(), and connect(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client Application socket Transport Local IP : Local Port: 3865 Local IP : Local Port: 1460 server Application socket Transport UDP 81
82 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), accept(), and connect(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client Application socket Transport Local IP : Local Port: 3865 Local IP : Local Port: 3865 Local IP : Local Port: 1460 Local IP : Local Port: 1460 server Application socket Transport UDP 82
83 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), accept(), and connect(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client Application socket Transport Local IP : Local Port: 3865 Client IP : Client Port: 3865 Server IP : Server Port: 1460 Channel Addressing Information Local IP : Local Port: 1460 server Application socket Transport UDP 83
84 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), accept(), and connect(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client Application socket Transport Local IP : Local Port: 3865 Client IP : Client Port: 3865 Server IP : Server Port: 1460 Channel Addressing Information Local IP : Local Port: 1460 server Application socket Transport UDP 84
85 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), accept(), and connect(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client Application socket Transport Local IP : Local Port: 3865 Client IP : Client Port: 3865 Server IP : Server Port: 1460 Channel Addressing Information Local IP : Local Port: 1460 server Application socket Transport Only use bind() to address service port, no other procedures to establish a logical transport channel with specific addressing information. The destination addressing information must be injected into the sendto() function UDP 85
86 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), accept(), and connect(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client Application socket Transport Local IP : Local Port: 3865 Client IP : Client Port: 3865 Server IP : Server Port: 1460 Channel Addressing Information Local IP : Local Port: 1460 server Application socket Transport client server Only use bind() to address service port, no other procedures to establish a logical transport channel with specific addressing information. The destination addressing information must be injected into the sendto() function UDP 86
87 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), accept(), and connect(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client Application socket Transport Local IP : Local Port: 3865 Client IP : Client Port: 3865 Server IP : Server Port: 1460 Channel Addressing Information Local IP : Local Port: 1460 server Application socket Transport client server Application Application Transport Transport Only use bind() to address service port, no other procedures to establish a logical transport channel with specific addressing information. The destination addressing information must be injected into the sendto() function UDP 87
88 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), accept(), and connect(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client Application socket Transport Local IP : Local Port: 3865 Client IP : Client Port: 3865 Server IP : Server Port: 1460 Channel Addressing Information Local IP : Local Port: 1460 server Application socket Transport client Application socket Transport Local IP : Local Port: 1460 server Application socket Transport Only use bind() to address service port, no other procedures to establish a logical transport channel with specific addressing information. The destination addressing information must be injected into the sendto() function UDP 88
89 Protocol TCP UDP Service Connection- Oriented Connectionless Sending Message send() sendto() TCP Using the following operations, bind(), listen(), accept(), and connect(), to create a logical transport channel with specific addressing information between two hosts. Receiving Message recv() recvfrom() client Application socket Transport client Application socket Transport Local IP : Local Port: 3865 Client IP : Client Port: 3865 Server IP : Server Port: 1460 Channel Addressing Information No Specific Channel Addressing Information UDP Local IP : Local Port: 1460 Local IP : Local Port: 1460 Only use bind() to address service port, no other procedures to establish a logical transport channel with specific addressing information. The destination addressing information must be injected into the sendto() function server Application socket Transport server Application socket Transport 89
90 UDP Socket Release close() close - Close a file descriptor int close(int fd); fd: socket descriptor 90
91 RetValue = close(sockfd) ; 91
92 RetValue = close(sockfd) ; 92
93 returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned RetValue = close(sockfd) ; 93
94 Application Process U Socket D P Transport 1340 RetValue = close(sockfd) ; 94
95 Application Process Socket Transport RetValue = close(sockfd) ; 95
96 Application Process Transport RetValue = close(sockfd) ; 96
97 sockfd : created by socket(pf_inet, SOCK_DGM, 0) ; RetValue = close(sockfd) ; 97
98 Review of UDP Client/Server Operation 98
99 UDP Client UDP Server 99
100 UDP Client UDP Server Running Time 100
101 UDP Client UDP Server Running Time 101
102 UDP Client UDP Server socket() socket() 102
103 UDP Client UDP Server socket() socket() bind() 103
104 UDP Client UDP Server socket() socket() bind() recvfrom() 104
105 UDP Client UDP Server socket() socket() bind() recvfrom() Blocking!! wait incomming userdatagram 105
106 UDP Client UDP Server socket() sendto() socket() bind() recvfrom() Blocking!! wait incomming userdatagram 106
107 UDP Client UDP Server socket() sendto() recvfrom() socket() bind() recvfrom() Blocking!! wait incomming userdatagram 107
108 UDP Client UDP Server socket() socket() bind() recvfrom() sendto() recvfrom() 108
109 UDP Client UDP Server socket() socket() bind() recvfrom() sendto() recvfrom() 109
110 UDP Client UDP Server socket() socket() bind() recvfrom() sendto() recvfrom() 110
111 UDP Client UDP Server socket() socket() bind() recvfrom() sendto() recvfrom() sendto() 111
112 UDP Client UDP Server socket() socket() bind() recvfrom() sendto() recvfrom() sendto() 112
113 UDP Client UDP Server socket() socket() bind() recvfrom() sendto() recvfrom() sendto() close() Wait another UDP Client 113
114 UDP Client UDP Server socket() bind() socket() recvfrom() 114
115 IPv6 Socket Programming 115
116 IPv6 Socket Programming 116
117 117
118 118
119 IPv4 Addressing Problems Does IPv4 Addressing Space be exhausted? Every Equipment(Host Needs) a Unique IPv4 Address Network Usage is an Exponential Growth 119
120 IPv4 Addressing - Temporary Solution Sub-Netting Classless Inter Domain Routing CIDR Dynamic Address Allocation Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Network Address Translation (NAT) Private Networks 120
121 IPv4 Addressing Permanent Solution Extend IPv4 Addressing Space New Addressing Model Revise IPv4 Originating Design Defects Compromise the Developing Trend of Network Technology 121
122 IPv4 Originating Defects Variable Header Length Option Fields Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Overloading Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) IP Packet Fragmentation/Resassembly 122
123 Next Generation Internet Protocol IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6 RFC 2460 Expanded Addressing Capability 128 bits Autoconfiguration Mechanisms Simplification of Header Format Fixed 40 bytes Improved Support for Extensions and Options Extension for Authentication and Privacy Flow Label Capability 123
124 IPv4 and IPv6 Headers 124
125 ver Header Length Type of Service Datagram Length 16-bit Identifier Flags 13-bit Fragmentation Offset Time-to-Live Upper-Layer Protocol Header Checksum 32-bit Source IP Address 32-bit Destination IP Address Options (if any) + Padding 125
126 version Traffic Class Flow Label Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit 128-bit Source IP Address 128-bit Destination IP Address 126
127 ver Header Length TOS Datagram Length ver Traffic Class Flow Label 16-bit Identifier F L A G s 13-bit Fragmentation Offset Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Time-to-Live Upper-Layer Protocol Header Checksum 32-bit Source IP Address 128-bit Source IP Address 32-bit Destination IP Address Options (if any) + Padding 128-bit Destination IP Address 127
128 Protocol Version ver Header Length TOS Datagram Length ver Traffic Class Flow Label 16-bit Identifier F L A G s 13-bit Fragmentation Offset Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Time-to-Live Upper-Layer Protocol Header Checksum 32-bit Source IP Address 128-bit Source IP Address 32-bit Destination IP Address Options (if any) + Padding 128-bit Destination IP Address 128
129 Quality of Service ver Header Length TOS Datagram Length ver Traffic Class Flow Label 16-bit Identifier F L A G s 13-bit Fragmentation Offset Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Time-to-Live Upper-Layer Protocol Header Checksum 32-bit Source IP Address 128-bit Source IP Address 32-bit Destination IP Address Options (if any) + Padding 128-bit Destination IP Address 129
130 Payload Length ver Header Length TOS Datagram Length ver Traffic Class Flow Label 16-bit Identifier F L A G s 13-bit Fragmentation Offset Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Time-to-Live Upper-Layer Protocol Header Checksum 32-bit Source IP Address 128-bit Source IP Address 32-bit Destination IP Address Options (if any) + Padding 128-bit Destination IP Address 130
131 Lifetime of Packet ver Header Length TOS Datagram Length ver Traffic Class Flow Label 16-bit Identifier F L A G s 13-bit Fragmentation Offset Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Time-to-Live Upper-Layer Protocol Header Checksum 32-bit Source IP Address 128-bit Source IP Address 32-bit Destination IP Address Options (if any) + Padding 128-bit Destination IP Address 131
132 Protocol Indicator ver Header Length TOS Datagram Length ver Traffic Class Flow Label 16-bit Identifier F L A G s 13-bit Fragmentation Offset Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Time-to-Live Upper-Layer Protocol Header Checksum 32-bit Source IP Address 128-bit Source IP Address 32-bit Destination IP Address Options (if any) + Padding 128-bit Destination IP Address 132
133 Source Address ver Header Length TOS Datagram Length ver Traffic Class Flow Label 16-bit Identifier F L A G s 13-bit Fragmentation Offset Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Time-to-Live Upper-Layer Protocol Header Checksum 32-bit Source IP Address 128-bit Source IP Address 32-bit Destination IP Address Options (if any) + Padding 128-bit Destination IP Address 133
134 Destination Address ver Header Length TOS Datagram Length ver Traffic Class Flow Label 16-bit Identifier F L A G s 13-bit Fragmentation Offset Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Time-to-Live Upper-Layer Protocol Header Checksum 32-bit Source IP Address 128-bit Source IP Address 32-bit Destination IP Address Options (if any) + Padding 128-bit Destination IP Address 134
135 Header Checksum ver Header Length TOS Datagram Length ver Traffic Class Flow Label 16-bit Identifier F L A G s 13-bit Fragmentation Offset Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Time-to-Live Upper-Layer Protocol Header Checksum 32-bit Source IP Address 128-bit Source IP Address 32-bit Destination IP Address Options (if any) + Padding 128-bit Destination IP Address 135
136 Datagram Fragmentation/Reassembly ver Header Length TOS Datagram Length ver Traffic Class Flow Label 16-bit Identifier F L A G s 13-bit Fragmentation Offset Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Time-to-Live Upper-Layer Protocol Header Checksum 32-bit Source IP Address 128-bit Source IP Address 32-bit Destination IP Address Options (if any) + Padding 128-bit Destination IP Address 136
137 Variable Header Length with Option Fields ver Header Length TOS Datagram Length ver Traffic Class Flow Label 16-bit Identifier F L A G s 13-bit Fragmentation Offset Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Time-to-Live Upper-Layer Protocol Header Checksum 32-bit Source IP Address 128-bit Source IP Address 32-bit Destination IP Address Options (if any) + Padding 128-bit Destination IP Address 137
138 IPv4 and IPv6 Socket Functions IPv4 and IPv6 use the same socket functions With Different Protocol Family and Socket Address Structure 138
139 IPv4 and IPv6 Socket Address Structures Different Protocol Family Different Addressing Length 139
140 socket() 140
141 socket() connect() bind() 141
142 socket() connect() bind() setsockopt() listen() 142
143 socket() connect() bind() setsockopt() listen() close() accept() 143
144 socket() connect() bind() setsockopt() listen() close() accept() send() recv() 144
145 socket() connect() bind() setsockopt() listen() close() accept() send() recv() sendto() recvfrom() 145
146 socket() connect() bind() setsockopt() listen() close() accept() send() recv() sendto() recvfrom() 146
147 socket() connect() bind() setsockopt() listen() close() accept() send() recv() sendto() recvfrom() 147
148 socket() connect() bind() setsockopt() listen() close() accept() send() recv() sendto() recvfrom() 148
149 socket() IPv4 Address : IPv6 Address : fe80::20c:f1ff:fe28:2f15 sockaddr_in sockaddr_in6 connect() bind() setsockopt() listen() close() accept() send() recv() sendto() recvfrom() 149
150 socket() IPv4 Address : IPv6 Address : fe80::20c:f1ff:fe28:2f15 sockaddr_in sockaddr_in6 connect() bind() setsockopt() struct sockaddr_in { u_int8_t sin_len ; u_int8_t sin_family close() ; u_int16_t sin_port ; struct in_addr sin_addr ; int8_t size_zero[8] send() ; } ; sendto() listen() struct sockaddr_in6 { u_int8_t sin6_len ; u_int8_t accept() sin6_family ; u_int16_t sin6_port ; u_int32_t sin6_flowinfo ; struct recv() in6_addr sin6_addr ; u_int32_t sin6_scope_id ; } ; recvfrom() 150
151 socket() IPv4 Address : IPv6 Address : fe80::20c:f1ff:fe28:2f15 sockaddr_in sockaddr_in6 length connect() AF_INET 16 bit Port # 32-bit setsockopt() struct IPv4 sockaddr_in Address { u_int8_t sin_len ; u_int8_t sin_family close() ; u_int16_t (unused) sin_port ; struct in_addr sin_addr ; int8_t fixed-length size_zero[8] (16 send() bytes) ; } ; sendto() bind() length AF_INET6 16 bit port # listen() 32-bit struct sockaddr_in6 Flow Label { u_int8_t sin6_len ; u_int8_t accept() sin6_family ; u_int16_t 128-bit sin6_port ; u_int32_t IPv6 sin6_flowinfo Address ; struct recv() in6_addr sin6_addr ; u_int32_t sin6_scope_id ; } ; 32-bit recvfrom() Scope ID fixed-length (28 bytes) 151
152 socket() IPv4 Address : IPv6 Address : fe80::20c:f1ff:fe28:2f15 sockaddr_in sockaddr_in6 length connect() AF_INET 16 bit Port # 32-bit setsockopt() struct IPv4 sockaddr_in Address { u_int8_t sin_len ; u_int8_t sin_family close() ; u_int16_t (unused) sin_port ; struct in_addr sin_addr ; int8_t fixed-length size_zero[8] (16 send() bytes) ; } ; sendto() bind() length AF_INET6 16 bit port # listen() 32-bit struct sockaddr_in6 Flow Label { u_int8_t sin6_len ; u_int8_t accept() sin6_family ; u_int16_t 128-bit sin6_port ; u_int32_t IPv6 sin6_flowinfo Address ; struct recv() in6_addr sin6_addr ; u_int32_t sin6_scope_id ; } ; 32-bit recvfrom() Scope ID fixed-length (28 bytes) 152
153 IPv4 and IPv6 Coexisting 153
154 Only IPv4 Protocol Stack IPv4 Client IPv4 Server TCP TCP IPv4 IPv4 Datalink Datalink 154
155 IPv4 Client IPv4 Server TCP TCP IPv4 IPv4 Datalink Datalink 155
156 Only IPv6 Protocol Stack IPv6 Client IPv6 Server TCP TCP IPv6 IPv6 Datalink Datalink 156
157 IPv6 Client IPv6 Server TCP TCP IPv6 IPv6 Datalink Datalink 157
158 IPv4/IPv6 Client IPv4/IPv6 Server TCP TCP IPv4 mapped IPv6 Address IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 Datalink Datalink 158
159 IPv4/IPv6 Client IPv4/IPv6 Server TCP TCP IPv4 mapped IPv6 Address IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 Datalink Datalink 159
160 Comparison of IPv4 and IPv6 Socket Functions 160
161 IPv4 Address Format IPv4 Address Length : 32 bits (4 bytes) Dotted-Decimal String Network Byte Ordered IPv4 Internet Address Structure struct in_addr { in_addr_t s_addr ; } in_addr_t : uint32_t (Unsigned 32-bit integer) Conversion of Network Byte Address and Address String Byte Manipulation Functions int inet_aton() in_addr_t inet_addr() char *inet_ntoa() 161
162 int inet_aton() int inet_aton(const char *cp, struct in_addr *inp); Converts the Internet host address cp from the standard numbers-and-dots notation into binary data and stores it in the structure that inp points to inet_aton() returns non-zero if the address is valid, zero if not. struct in_addr dest ; inet_aton(" ", &dest.sin_addr); 162
163 in_addr_t inet_addr() in_addr_t inet_addr(const char *cp); Convert the Internet host address cp from numbers-and-dots notation into binary data in network byte order. If the input is invalid, INADDR_NONE (usually -1) is returned. struct in_addr dest ; dest.sin_addr = inet_addr( ); 163
164 char *inet_ntoa() char *inet_ntoa(struct in_addr in); Convert the Internet host address in given in network byte order to a string in standard numbers-and-dots notation. The string is returned in a statically allocated buffer, which subsequent calls will overwrite. struct in_addr in ; char ipstr[17] ; memset(ipst, 17,0) ; in.s_addr = inet_addr(" "); strcpy(ipstr, inet_ntoa(in)) ; 164
165 IPv6 Address Format IPv6 Address Length : 128 bits (16 bytes) fe80:0000:0000:0000:0202:b3ff:fe1e:8329 Colon-Hexadecimal String fe80:0:0:0:202:b3ff:fe1e:8329 fe80::202:b3ff:fele:8239 Abbreviation Network Byte Ordered IPv6 Internet Address Structure struct in6_addr { uint8_t s6_addr[16] ; } uint8_t (Unsigned 8-bit integer) 165
166 IPv6 Address Format Conversion of Network Byte Address and Address String Byte Manipulation Functions int inet_pton() const char *inet_ntop() 166
167 int inet_pton() int inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst); Convert the character string src into a network address structure in the af address family, then copies the network address structure to dst parameters af src dst IPv4 AF_INET char struct in_addr{} ; IPv6 AF_INET6 char struct in6_addr{} ; struct in_addr in4 ; struct in6_addr in6 ; inet_pton(af_inet, " ", &in4); inet_pton(af_inet6, fe80:0000:0000:0000:0202:b3ff:fe1e:8329, &in6) 167
168 const char *inet_ntop() const char *inet_ntop(int af, const void *src, char *dst, socklen_t cnt); Convert the network address structure src in the af address family into a character string, which is copied to a character buffer dst, which is cnt bytes long. parameters af src dst cnt IPv4 AF_INET struct in_addr{} ; char INET_ADDRSTRLEN(14) IPv6 AF_INET6 struct in6_addr{} ; char INET6_ADDRSTRLEN(48) struct in_addr in4 ; struct in6_addr in6 ; char ipstr[256] ; inet_ntop(af_inet, in4, &ipstr, INET_ADDRSTRLEN); inet_pton(af_inet6, in6, &ipstr, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN) 168
169 Comparison of Socket Address Structures 169
170 IPv4/IPv6 Socket Functions Same Socket Functions Socket Creation Socket Connection Message Sending/Receiving Different Protocol Domains and Socket Address Structure IPv4 Protocol Domain - AF_INET IPv4 Socket Address Structure - sockaddr_in{} IPv6 Protocol Domain - AF_INET6 IPv6 Socket Address Structure - sockaddr_in6{} 170
171 IPv4/IPv6 Program Migration Direct change Domain Protocol AF_INET (IPv4) AF_INET6 (IPv6) IP_PROTO_IP (IPv4) IP_PROTO_IP6 (IPv6) Direct change Socket Address Structure and Internet Address Structure sockaddr_in{} (IPv4) sockaddr_in6{}/sockaddr_storage (IPv6) Conversion of Network Byte Ordered Address and IP String inet_aton(), inet_addr(), inet_ntoa() IPv4 inet_pton(), inet_ntop() IPv6 Host Name and IP Address Translations Function gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr () IPv4 getaddrinfo(), getnameinfo() IPv6 Conversion of data message containing IP address information FTP, SIP, H323, 171
172 IPv4/IPv6 Program Migration Utility Tool Microsoft s checkv4.exe Included in Microsoft Platform SDK List the suggestion of code modification Protocol Domain / Protocol Type Socket Address Structures Network Byte Ordered Functions Host Name and IP Address Translation Functions 172
173 IPv4/IPv6 TCP Operations 173
174 TCP Client TCP Server socket connect send recv IPv4 AF_INET in_addr{} sockaddr_in{} IPv6 AF_INET6 in6_addr{} sockaddr_in6{} socket bind listen accept recv send 174
175 IPv4/IPv6 UDP Operations 175
176 UDP Client UDP Server socket IPv4 AF_INET in_addr{} sockaddr_in{} socket bind recvfrom sendto recvfrom IPv6 AF_INET6 in6_addr{} sockaddr_in6{} sendto 176
177 Question 在 IPv4/IPv6 的程式設計, 最主要的差異在於 (A). Socket Address Structure 與 Internet Address Format() (B). Socket 建立階段 :socket(), bind(), listen(), accept() (C). Socket 資料送收階段 :send()/recv(), sendto()/recvfrom() (D). 以上皆是 177
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