Using the Cisco Aironet 340 Series Wireless Bridges

Transcription

1 Usig the Cisco Airoet 340 Series Wireless Bridges March 27, 2000 Corporate Headquarters Cisco Systems, Ic. 170 West Tasma Drive Sa Jose, CA USA Tel: NETS (6387) Fax: Text Part Number: OL

2 THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRODUCTS IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ALL STATEMENTS, INFORMATION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE BUT ARE PRESENTED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USERS MUST TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR APPLICATION OF ANY PRODUCTS. THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY THIS REFERENCE. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE SOFTWARE LICENSE OR LIMITED WARRANTY, CONTACT YOUR CISCO REPRESENTATIVE FOR A COPY. The followig iformatio is for FCC compliace of Class A devices: This equipmet has bee tested ad foud to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuat to part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are desiged to provide reasoable protectio agaist harmful iterferece whe the equipmet is operated i a commercial eviromet. This equipmet geerates, uses, ad ca radiate radio-frequecy eergy ad, if ot istalled ad used i accordace with the istructio maual, may cause harmful iterferece to radio commuicatios. Operatio of this equipmet i a residetial area is likely to cause harmful iterferece, i which case users will be required to correct the iterferece at their ow expese. The followig iformatio is for FCC compliace of Class B devices: The equipmet described i this maual geerates ad may radiate radio-frequecy eergy. If it is ot istalled i accordace with Cisco s istallatio istructios, it may cause iterferece with radio ad televisio receptio. This equipmet has bee tested ad foud to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device i accordace with the specificatios i part 15 of the FCC rules. These specificatios are desiged to provide reasoable protectio agaist such iterferece i a residetial istallatio. However, there is o guaratee that iterferece will ot occur i a particular istallatio. Modifyig the equipmet without Cisco s writte authorizatio may result i the equipmet o loger complyig with FCC requiremets for Class A or Class B digital devices. I that evet, your right to use the equipmet may be limited by FCC regulatios, ad you may be required to correct ay iterferece to radio or televisio commuicatios at your ow expese. You ca determie whether your equipmet is causig iterferece by turig it off. If the iterferece stops, it was probably caused by the Cisco equipmet or oe of its peripheral devices. If the equipmet causes iterferece to radio or televisio receptio, try to correct the iterferece by usig oe or more of the followig measures: Tur the televisio or radio atea util the iterferece stops. Move the equipmet to oe side or the other of the televisio or radio. Move the equipmet farther away from the televisio or radio. Plug the equipmet ito a outlet that is o a differet circuit from the televisio or radio. (That is, make certai the equipmet ad the televisio or radio are o circuits cotrolled by differet circuit breakers or fuses.) Modificatios to this product ot authorized by Cisco Systems, Ic. could void the FCC approval ad egate your authority to operate the product. The Cisco implemetatio of TCP header compressio is a adaptatio of a program developed by the Uiversity of Califoria, Berkeley (UCB) as part of UCB s public domai versio of the UNIX operatig system. All rights reserved. Copyright 1981, Regets of the Uiversity of Califoria. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER WARRANTY HEREIN, ALL DOCUMENT FILES AND SOFTWARE OF THESE SUPPLIERS ARE PROVIDED AS IS WITH ALL FAULTS. CISCO AND THE ABOVE-NAMED SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE. IN NO EVENT SHALL CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS OR LOSS OR DAMAGE TO DATA ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS MANUAL, EVEN IF CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Access Registrar, AccessPath, Ay to Ay, AtmDirector, Browse with Me, CCDA, CCDE, CCDP, CCIE, CCNA, CCNP, CCSI, CD-PAC, the Cisco logo, Cisco Certified Iteretwork Expert logo, CiscoLik, the Cisco Maagemet Coectio logo, the Cisco NetWorks logo, the Cisco Powered Network logo, Cisco Systems Capital, the Cisco Systems Capital logo, Cisco Systems Networkig Academy, the Cisco Systems Networkig Academy logo, the Cisco Techologies logo, CoectWay, Fast Step, FireRuer, Follow Me Browsig, FormShare, GigaStack, IGX, Itelligece i the Optical Core, Iteret Quotiet, IP/VC, Kerel Proxy, MGX, MultiPath Data, MultiPath Voice, Natural Network Viewer, NetSoar, Network Registrar, the Networkers logo, Packet, PIX, Poit ad Click Iteretworkig, Policy Builder, Precept, ScriptShare, Secure Script, ServiceWay, Shop with Me, SlideCast, SMARTet, SVX, The Cell, TrafficDirector, TrasPath, ViewRuer, Virtual Loop Carrier System, Virtual Service Node, Virtual Voice Lie, VisioWay, VlaDirector, Voice LAN, WaRP, Wavelegth Router, Wavelegth Router Protocol, WebViewer, Workgroup Director, ad Workgroup Stack are trademarks; Chagig the Way We Work, Live, Play, ad Lear, Empowerig the Iteret Geeratio, The

3 Iteret Ecoomy, ad The New Iteret Ecoomy are service marks; ad Airoet, ASIST, BPX, Catalyst, Cisco, Cisco IOS, the Cisco IOS logo, Cisco Systems, the Cisco Systems logo, the Cisco Systems Cisco Press logo, Eterprise/Solver, EtherChael, EtherSwitch, FastHub, FastLik, FastPAD, FastSwitch, GeoTel, IOS, IP/TV, IPX, LightStream, LightSwitch, MICA, NetRager, Post-Routig, Pre-Routig, Registrar, StrataView Plus, Stratm, TeleRouter, ad VCO are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Ic. or its affiliates i the U.S. ad certai other coutries. All other trademarks metioed i this documet are the property of their respective owers. The use of the word parter does ot imply a partership relatioship betwee Cisco ad ay of its resellers. (9912R) Usig the Cisco Airoet 340 Series Wireless Bridges Copyright 2000, Cisco Systems, Ic. All rights reserved.

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5 Cotets About the User s Guide... ix Typographical Covetios... xi Welcome to the Airoet 240 Series Bridge Data Trasparecy ad Protocols... xii Etheret Compatibility... xiii Protocols Supported... xiii Radio Characteristics... xiii Radio Rages... xiv Security Features... xv Termiology... xv Bridge System Cofiguratios... xvi Chapter 1 - Istallig the Airoet 340 Series Bridge Before You Start Istallatio Istallig the Ateas Istallig the Cosole Port Cable Istallig the Etheret Coectio Attachig the AC/DC Power Pack ad Powerig O the Airoet 340 Series Bridge Viewig the Idicator Displays Top Pael Idicators Back Pael Idicators Chapter 2 - Accessig the Cosole System Access Methods Usig the Cosole Sub-Meus Commads ad Iformatio Commads That Display Iformatio

6 ii Cotets Commad Lie Mode Telet Access Web Access About the Meus Usig the Cofiguratio Cosole Meu Settig Privilege Levels ad Passwords (Rpassword, Wpassword) Cotrollig Telet ad Web Access to the Cosole Cotrollig SNMP access to the cofiguratio Cotrollig Who Ca Access the Cosole Settig the Termial Type (Type) Settig the Commuicatio Port Parameters (Port) Eablig Liemode (Liemode) Moitorig of the DTR Sigal Chapter 3 - Before You Begi Viewig the Cofiguratio Meu Meu Descriptios Savig Cofiguratio Parameters Backig up your Cofiguratio (Dump) Restorig your Cofiguratio Chapter 4 - Cofigurig the Radio Network Overview Usig the Cofiguratio Radio Meu Establishig a SSID (SSID) Eablig Root Mode (Root) Selectig the Allowed Data Rates (Rates) Basic Rates (Basic_rates) Selectig Frequecy (Frequecy) Settig the Distace (Distace) Usig the Cofiguratio Radio IEEE Meu Settig the Beaco Period (Beaco)

7 Cotets iii Settig the Forwardig Time Iterval (DTIM) Addig IEEE Maagemet Packet Extesios (Exted) Allowig the Broadcast SSID (Bcst_ssid) Settig the RF RTS/CTS Parameter (RTS) Packet Ecapsulatio (Ecapsulatio Meu) Packet Ecapsulatio i Mixed Networks Packet Ecryptio (Privacy Meu) Usig the Cofiguratio Radio LikTests Meu Ruig a Sigal Stregth Test (Stregth) Ruig a Carrier Busy Test Ruig the Echo Tests (Multicast, Uicast, Remote) Usig the Cofiguratio Radio Exteded Meu Settig the Operatig Mode (Bridge_mode) Selectig a specific paret (Paret_id, Paret_timeout) Settig Retry Trasmissio Time (Time_Retries, Cout_Retries) Settig the Associatio Refresh Iterval (Refresh) Roamig Notificatio Mode (Roamig) Settig the Loadig Balace (Balace) Settig Diversity (Diversity) Settig the Power Level (Power) Settig Fragmet Size (Fragmet) Settig Purchasable Radio Optios (Optios) Chapter 5 - Cofigurig the Etheret Port Usig the Cofiguratio Etheret Meu Activatig/Disablig the Etheret Port (Active) Settig the Maximum Frame Size (Size) Settig the Port Iterface Type (Port) Chapter 6 - Settig Network Idetifiers Usig the Cofiguratio Idet Meu Usig DHCP or BOOTP...6-2

8 iv Cotets Assigig a IP Address (Iaddr) Specifyig the IP Subet Mask (Imask) Settig Up the Domai Name Servers (Ds1,Ds1,Domai) Establishig a Node Name (Name) Settig SNMP Locatio ad Cotact Idetifiers (Locatio,Cotact) Cofigurig the IP Routig Table (Gateway, Routig) Settig up the Time Base (Cofiguratio Time) Chapter 7 - Cofigurig Mobile IP Usig the Cofiguratio Mobile IP Meu Settig the Aget Type (AgetType) Displayig the Active Cliets (Mobile, Visitors) Authorizig Mobile Nodes to Roam (Add/Remove/Display) Set up the Aget Parameters (Setup) Cotrol Aget Advertisemets (Advert) Chapter 8 - Usig the Spaig Tree Protocol Overview Uderstadig Loops How STP Protocol Works Receivig Cofiguratio Messages Determiig the Root Bridge ad Root Cost Determiig the Spaig Tree Uderstadig Bridge Failures Avoidig Temporary Loops Establishig Timeouts Node Address Agig Implemetig STP Protocol Usig the Cofiguratio STP Meu (Root Bridge Oly) Settig Port Parameters (Port) Displayig the Protocol Status (Display) Viewig the Port State (State)

9 Cotets v Chapter 9 - Viewig Statistics Viewig the Statistics Meu Throughput Statistics (Throughput) Radio Error Statistics (Radio) Error Statistics Displayig Overall Status (Status) Display a Network Map (Map) Recordig a Statistic History (Watch) Displayig a Statistic History (History) Displayig Node Iformatio (Node) Displayig ARP Iformatio (ARP) Settig Scree Display Time (Display_Time) Determie Cliet IP Addresses (Ipadr) Chapter 10 - Settig Up the Associatio Table Overview Usig the Associatio Meu Displayig the Associatio Table (Display) Displayig the Associatio Table Summary (Summary) Settig the Allowed Number of Child Nodes (Maximum) Cotrollig Associatios With Static Etries (Autoassoc/Add/Remove) Backboe LAN Node Stale Out Time (Staletime) Specifyig How Node Addresses are Displayed (NIDdisp) Chapter 11 - Usig Filters Overview Usig the Filter Meu Packet Directio (Directio) Filterig Multicast Addresses (Multicast) Filterig Node Addresses (Node) Filterig Protocols (Protocols)

10 vi Cotets Chapter 12 - Settig Up Evet Logs Overview Iformatio Logs Error Logs Severe Error Logs Usig the Logs Meu Viewig History Logs (History) Clearig the History Buffer (Clear) Specifyig the Type of Logs to Prit (Pritlevel) Specifyig the Type of Logs to Save (Loglevel) Specifyig the Type of Logs to Light Status Idicator (Ledlevel) Settig Statistic Parameters (Statistics) Log Network Roamig (Network) Loggig Backboe Node chages (BodeLog) Settig up SNMP traps (Smp) Forwardig Logs to a Uix System (Syslog,SysLevel,Facility,Rcvsyslog) Chapter 13 - Performig Diagostics Usig the Diagostics Meu Testig the Radio Lik (Liktest) Restartig the Uit (Restart) Returig the Uit to the Default Cofiguratio (Default, Reset) Usig the Network Meu Startig a Telet Sessio (Coect) Chagig the Escape Sequece (Escape) Physically Locatig a Uit (Fid) Sedig a Pig Packet (Pig) Loadig New Firmware ad Cofiguratios (Load) Dowloadig Usig Xmodem Protocol (Xmodem/Crc-xmodem) Dowloadig or Uploadig usig the File Trasfer Protocol (Ftp) Dowloadig Usig the Iteret Boot Protocol (Bootp/DHCP) Distributig Firmware or Cofiguratio (Distribute)

11 Cotets vii Appedix A -Airoet 340 Series Bridge Specificatios LAN Iterfaces Supported... A-1 Etheret... A-1 Radio Characteristics...A-1 Physical Specificatios... A-2 Cosole Port Pi-Out... A-3 Appedix B -Cosole Meu Tree Appedix C -SNMP Variables Appedix D - Cisco Techical Support Appedix E -Regulatory Iformatio Maufacturer s Federal Commuicatio Commissio Declaratio of Coformity Statemet... E-1 Professioal Istallatio... E-2 Departmet of Commuicatios Caada Caadia Compliace Statemet... E-3 Europea Telecommuicatio Stadards Istitute Statemet of Compliace Iformatio to User... E-4

12 viii Cotets

13 About the User s Guide - ix About the User s Guide This maual covers the istallatio, cofiguratio, cotrol, ad maiteace of your Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Please read Chapter 1 Istallig the Airoet 340 Series Bridge before attemptig to istall or use the hardware ad software described i this maual. The user s guide is arraged as follows: Chapter 1 Istallig the Airoet 340 Series Bridge Describes the physical istallatio of the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Chapter 2 Accessig the Cosole System Itroduces you to the Cosole Port ad shows you how to set up ad cofigure the Cosole Port parameters. Chapter 3 Before You Begi Provides you with a overview of the Cofiguratio Meu ad how to save ad restore your cofiguratios. Chapter 4 Cofigurig the Radio Network Cotais detailed procedures for cofigurig your Radio Network. Chapter 5 Cofigurig the Etheret Port Cotais detailed procedures for cofigurig the Etheret port. Chapter 6 Settig Network Idetifiers Outlies the procedures for settig the Airoet 340 Series Bridge s Network Idetifiers. Chapter 7 Cofigurig Mobile IP Describes how to cofigure the Airoet 340 Series Bridge for use with the Mobile IP Protocol. Chapter 8 Usig the Spaig-Tree Protocol Describes how to cofigure the Airoet 340 Series Bridge for use with the Spaig Tree Protocol. Chapter 9 Viewig Statistics Describes how to use the Statistics Meu to moitor the performace of the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Chapter 10 Settig Up the Associatio Table Provides you with a itroductio to the associatio process ad detailed procedures for settig up the Airoet 340 Series Bridge s Associatio Table.

14 x Airoet 340 Series Bridge Chapter 11 Usig Filters Describes how to cotrol the forwardig of multicast messages. Chapter 12 Settig Up Evet Logs Outlies the procedures for settig up Evet Logs ad lists the commo error log messages received o the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Chapter 13 Performig Diagostics Provides you with detailed procedures for restartig your uit, returig to your default cofiguratio, ad loadig ew firmware versios. Appedix A Airoet 340 Series Bridge Specificatios Details the Airoet 340 Series Bridge radio ad physical specificatios. Appedix B Cosole Meu Tree Provides you with a listig of all meus, sub-meus, ad optios cotaied i the Cosole Port. Appedix C SNMP Variables Lists the SNMP variables supported by the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Appedix D Cisco Techical Support Describes how to cotact Cisco for techical support. Appedix E Regulatory Iformatio Provides the FCC, DOC, ad ETSI regulatory statemets for the Airoet 340 Series Bridge.

15 About the User s Guide - xi Typographical Covetios Whe readig the user s guide, it s importat to uderstad the symbol ad formattig covetios used i the documetatio. The followig symbols ad formattig are used i the maual. Covetio Type of Iformatio Idicates a ote which cotais importat iformatio set off from the ormal text. A cautio message that appears before procedures which, if ot observed, could result i loss of data or damage to the equipmet. Bold type Moospaced fot A actio you must perform such as type or select. Iformatio ad meus that are visible o the Cosole Port screes.

16 xii Airoet 340 Series Bridge Welcome to the Airoet 240 Series Bridge Welcome to the Airoet 340 Series Bridge The Airoet 340 Series Bridge allows the coectios of two or more remote Etheret LAN s ito a sigle virtual LAN. Workstatios o each of the remote LAN s may commuicate with each other as though they were o the same physical LAN. The Airoet 340 Series Bridge ca also fuctio as a Radio Access Poit ad provide trasparet, wireless data commuicatios betwee the wired LAN (ad/or withi the Radio Network) ad fixed, portable or mobile devices equipped with a wireless adapter employig the same modulatio. Data Trasparecy ad Protocols The Airoet 340 Series Bridge trasports data packets trasparetly as they move through the Wireless Ifrastructure. The bridge is also protocol idepedet for all packets, except those either addressed specifically to the bridge or set as multicast address packets. Depedig o the address, packets will be processed as follows: All packets, except those either addressed specifically to the bridge or set as multicast address packets, will be processed without examiig the cotets of the packet ad without regard to the protocol used. Packets addressed specifically to the bridge will be examied by lookig at the protocol header. If the protocol is recogized, the packet will be processed. Multicast address packets will also be examied by lookig at the protocol header, but will be processed whether the protocol is recogized or ot.

17 Airoet 340 Series Bridge xiii If protocol filterig is eabled the the appropriate parts of the packet will be examied. Etheret Compatibility The Airoet 340 Series Bridge ca attach directly to 10Base2 (Thiet), 10Base5 (Thicket) or 10BaseT (Twisted Pair) Etheret LAN segmets. These segmets must coform to IEEE or Etheret Blue Book specificatios. If the existig ifrastructure to which the bridge is to be attached is ot Etheret-based, a Etheret segmet ca be added by istallig a Etheret Network Iterface Card (NIC) i the File Server or by addig a third-party bridge. The bridge appears as a Etheret ode ad performs a routig fuctio by movig packets from the wired LAN to remote workstatios (persoal computers, laptops ad had held computig devices) o the Wireless Ifrastructure. Protocols Supported Protocols supported: TCP/IP based protocol products SNMP Protocol The residet aget is compliat with the MIB-I ad MIB-II stadards, TCP/IP based iterets, as well as a custom MIB for specialized cotrol of the system. Radio Characteristics The Airoet 340 Series Bridge uses a radio modulatio techique kow as Direct Sequece Spread Spectrum trasmissio (DSSS). It combies high data throughput with excellet immuity to iterferece. The bridge operates i the 2.4 GHz licese-free Idustrial Scietific ad Medical (ISM) bad. Data is trasmitted over a half-duplex radio chael operatig at up to 11 Megabits per secod (Mbps).

18 xiv Airoet 340 Series Bridge Radio Rages The followig sectio provides geeral guidelies o factors that ifluece ifrastructure performace. Site Survey Because of differeces i compoet cofiguratio, placemet, ad physical eviromet, every ifrastructure applicatio is a uique istallatio. Before istallig the system, users should perform a site survey i order to determie the optimum utilizatio of etworkig compoets ad to maximize rage, coverage ad ifrastructure performace. Here are some operatig ad evirometal coditios that eed to be cosidered: Data Rates. Sesitivity ad rage are iversely proportioal to data bit rates. The maximum radio rage is achieved at the lowest workable data rate. There will be a decrease i receiver threshold as the radio data rate icreases. Atea Type ad Placemet. Proper atea cofiguratio is a critical factor i maximizig radio rage. As a geeral guide, rage icreases i proportio to atea height. For a detailed explaatio of atea types ad cofiguratios alog with guidelies o selectig ateas for specific eviromets, see the Airoet Atea Guide, documet umber Physical Eviromets. Clear or ope areas provide better radio rage tha closed or filled areas. Also, the less cluttered the work eviromet, the greater the rage. Obstructios. A physical obstructio such as shelvig or a pillar ca hider the performace of the bridge. Avoid locatig the computig device ad atea i a locatio where there is a barrier betwee the sedig ad receivig ateas. Buildig Materials. Radio peetratio is greatly iflueced by the buildig material used i costructio. For example, drywall costructio allows greater rage tha cocrete blocks.

19 Airoet 340 Series Bridge xv Lie of Site A clear lie of sight must be maitaied betwee wireless bridge ateas. Ay obstructios may impede the performace or prohibit the ability of the wireless bridge to trasmit ad receive data. Directioal ateas should be placed at both eds at appropriate elevatio with maximum path clearace. Security Features The Airoet 340 Series Bridge employs Spread Spectrum Techology, previously developed for military ati-jammig ad low probability of itercept radio systems. The Airoet 340 Series Bridge must be set to the same System Idetifier (SSID) as all other Airoet devices o the wireless ifrastructure. Uits with a differet SSID will ot be able to directly commuicate with each other. Termiology Whe cofigurig your system, ad whe readig this maual, keep i mid the followig termiology: Ifrastructure The wireless ifrastructure is the commuicatios system that combies Airoet bridges, mobile odes ad fixed odes. Airoet bridges withi the ifrastructure ca be either root uits, which are physically wired to the LAN backboe, or ca act as wireless repeaters. Other RF eabled devices serve as fixed odes or mobile odes. Root Uit The root uit is a Airoet bridge that is located at the top, or startig poit, of a wireless ifrastructure. The root bridge is usually coected to mai wired backboe LAN. Sice the radio traffic from the other bridges LANs will pass through this uit, the root uit is usually coected to the LAN which origiates or receives the most traffic Repeater A repeater is a Airoet bridge that establishes a coectio to the root bridge or aother repeater bridge to make the wired LAN to which it is coected part of the bridged LAN. Ed Node A radio ode that is located at the ed of the etwork tree.

20 xvi Airoet 340 Series Bridge Paret/Child Node Refers to the relatioships betwee odes i the wireless ifrastructure. The complete set of relatioships is sometimes described as a etwork tree. For example, the Airoet bridge (at the top of the tree) would be the paret of the ed odes. Coversely, the ed odes would be the childre of the Airoet bridge. Associatio Each root uit or repeater i the ifrastructure cotais a associatio table that cotrols the routig of packets betwee the bridge ad the wireless ifrastructure. The associatio table maitais etries for all the odes situated below the Airoet bridge o the ifrastructure icludig repeaters ad radio odes. Power Savig Protocol (PSP) ad No-Power Savig Protocol The Power Savig Protocol allows computers (usually portable computers) to power up oly part of the time to coserve eergy. If a radio ode is usig the Power Savig Protocol to commuicate with the ifrastructure, the Airoet bridge must be aware of this mode ad implemet additioal features such as message store ad forward. Bridge System Cofiguratios The Airoet 340 Series Bridge ca be used i a variety of ifrastructure cofiguratios. How you cofigure your ifrastructure will determie the size of the microcell, which is the area a sigle bridge will provide with RF coverage. You ca exted the RF coverage area by creatig multiple microcells o a LAN. Examples of some commo system cofiguratios are show o the pages that follow, alog with a brief descriptio of each. Poit-to-Poit Wireless Bridge The Poit-to-Poit Wireless Bridge Cofiguratio uses two uits to bridge two idividual LANs. Packets are set betwee the file server ad Workstatio B through the wireless bridge uits (root uit ad remote ode) over the radio lik. Data packets set from the file server to Workstatio A go through the wired LAN segmet ad do ot go across the wireless radio lik.

21 Airoet 340 Series Bridge xvii Figure Poit-to-Poit Wireless Bridge File Server LAN Segmet A Root Uit (Wireless Bridge) Workstatio A LAN Segmet B Remote Node (Wireless Bridge) Workstatio B Poit-to-Multipoit Wireless Bridge Whe coectig three or more LANs (usually i differet buildigs), each buildig requires a Airoet wireless bridge ad atea. This is called a Multipoit Wireless Bridge Cofiguratio. Oe wireless bridge is desigated as the cetral site. Its atea is cofigured to trasmit ad receive sigals from the wireless bridges at the other sites. Geerally, the cetral site is equipped with a omi-directioal atea that provides radio sigal coverage i all directios. The other wireless bridges are typically served by directioal ateas that direct radio sigals toward the cetral site. Uder a Multipoit Wireless Bridge Cofiguratio, workstatios o ay of the LANs ca commuicate with other workstatios or with ay workstatios o the remote LANs.

22 xviii Airoet 340 Series Bridge The followig example shows a example of a Poit-to-Multipoit Cofiguratio. Packets set betwee Workstatio A ad Workstatio B are forwarded by their respective wireless bridges to the root uit. The the root uit forwards these packets to the appropriate wireless bridge for routig to the workstatios. Packets set betwee the file server ad the remote workstatios are routed through the root uit ad the appropriate wireless bridge. Figure Poit-to-Multipoit Wireless Bridge File Server LAN Segmet A Root Uit Wireless Bridge Wireless Bridge LAN Segmet B LAN Segmet C Workstatio A Workstatio B Ifrastructure Extesio with Repeaters Wireless bridges ca be cofigured as repeaters to exted the rage of a wireless etwork beyod that of a sigle radio hop. Repeaters ca

23 Airoet 340 Series Bridge xix operate as either stad-aloe uits or have LAN coectios. Figure Ifrastructure Extesio with Repeaters File Server LAN Segmet A Root Uit Repeater Repeater LAN Segmet D Remote Node Remote Node Workstatio A LAN Segmet B LAN Segmet C Workstatio B Workstatio C

24 xx Airoet 340 Series Bridge

25 Part 1 - Gettig Started Part 1 - Gettig Started

26 Part 1 - Gettig Started

27 Chapter 1 - Istallig the Airoet 340 Series Bridge 1 CHAPTER 1 Istallig the Airoet 340 Series Bridge This chapter describes the procedures for istallig the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Here s what you ll fid i this chapter: Before You Start Istallatio Istallig the Ateas Istallig the Cosole Port Cable Istallig the Etheret Coectio Attachig the AC/DC Power Pack ad Powerig O the Airoet 340 Series Bridge Viewig the Idicator Displays

28 1-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Before You Start After upackig the system, make sure the followig items are preset ad i good coditio: Airoet 340 Series Bridge Power Pack. The power pack will be either 120VAC/60 Hz or VAC/47-63Hz to 12-18VDC, whichever is appropriate for coutry of use. Lightig Arrestor (Bridge Package optio) Moutig Kit (Bridge Package optio) Low loss atea cable (Bridge Package optio) Appropriate directioal atea (Bridge Package optio) If ay item is damaged or missig, cotact your Airoet supplier. Save all shippig ad packig material i order to repack the uit should service be required. Figure Overview of the Airoet 340 Series Bridge 10BaseT (Twisted Pair Etheret) 10Base5 (AUI Port) 10Base2 (BNC T-Coector) Atea Coector Cosole Port RS-232 (DB-9 Female) AC/DC Power Pack Uit Top Pael LEDs O/Off Butto

29 Istallig the Airoet 340 Series Bridge 1-3 Istallatio Istallig the Ateas Before istallig your bridge system, we recommed that you test the bridge usig the 2.2 dbi dipole atea icluded i your package. Oce testig is completed, istall your wireless bridge for use with the appropriate atea for your applicatio usig the followig the istructios. 1. With the uit powered off, attach the lighteig arrestor to the atea coector. Figure Attachig the Atea 10Base2 10Base5 10BaseT NOTE: Do ot over-tighte; figer tight is sufficiet. Positio the atea vertically for best omi-directioal sigal receptio.

30 1-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge 2. Coect the lightig arrestor to oe ed of the low loss atea cable. NOTE: The lightig arrestor should be coected to the atea coector o the wireless bridge. The lightig arrestor is added to provide surge protectio to the bridge i the evet of voltage surges as a result of a lightig strike. 3. Coect the atea to the other ed of the low loss atea cable. Mout the bridge atea at a appropriate elevatio to esure maximum path clearace ad lie of sight cosideratios. NOTE: Due to FCC ad DOC Regulatios, the atea coectors o the Airoet 340 Series Bridge are of reverse polarity to the stadard TNC coectors.

31 Istallig the Airoet 340 Series Bridge 1-5 Istallig the Cosole Port Cable 1. Attach the Cosole Port cable to the Serial Port. Attach the other cable ed to the Serial Port o a termial or a PC ruig a termial emulatio program. Use a 9-pi male to 9-pi female straight through cable (Figure 1.3). NOTE: This coectio is required for settig up iitial cofiguratio iformatio. After cofiguratio is completed, this cable may be removed util additioal cofiguratio is required via the Serial Port. Figure Cosole Port Coectio 2. Set the termial to 9600 Baud, No-Parity, 8 data bits, 1 Stop bit, ad ANSI compatible.

32 1-6 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Istallig the Etheret Coectio The Airoet 340 Series Bridge supports three coectio types: 10Base2 (Thiet) 10Base5 (Thicket) AUI coector 10BaseT (Twisted Pair) Í To Attach 10Base2 (Thiet) Cablig: 1. Make sure the uit is powered off. 2. Attach the Thiet cablig to each ed of a BNC T-coector, if applicable. 3. Attach the T-coector to the 10Base2 BNC (Figure 1.4). If the uit is at the ed of the Etheret cable, a 50-Ohm termiator must be istalled o the ope ed of the T-coector. Figure Attachig 10Base2 (Thiet) Cablig 10Base2 10Base5 10BaseT CAUTION: Removig a termiator to istall extra cable, or breakig a existig cable to istall a T-coector, will cause a disruptio i Etheret traffic. Cosult with your LAN admiistrator before you chage ay Etheret cablig coectios.

33 Istallig the Airoet 340 Series Bridge 1-7 Í To Attach the 10Base5 (Thicket) Cablig: 1. Make sure the uit is powered off. 2. Attach the trasceiver coector to the 10Base5 AUI port as show i Figure Slide the lockig mechaism i place. 4. Attach the other ed of the trasceiver drop cablig to a exteral trasceiver. Figure Attachig 10Base5 (Thicket) Cablig 10Base2 10Base5 10BaseT Í To Attach the 10BaseT (Twisted Pair) cablig: 1. Make sure the uit is powered off. 2. Plug the RJ-45 coector ito the 10BaseT (Twisted Pair) port as show i Figure Coect the other ed of the Twisted Pair cablig to the LAN coectio (such as a hub or cocetrator). Figure Attachig 10BaseT (Twisted Pair) Cablig 10Base2 10Base5 10BaseT

34 1-8 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Attachig the AC/DC Power Pack ad Powerig O the Airoet 340 Series Bridge 1. Isert the small plug o the ed of the AC/DC power pack cord ito the power port. 2. Plug the AC/DC power pack ito a electrical outlet. (120VAC/60 Hz or VAC as appropriate) 3. Power o the Airoet 340 Series Bridge by pushig the O/Off butto. Figure AC to DC Power Pack Coectios ad O/Off Butto O/Off Butto Whe power is iitially applied to the bridge, all three idicators will flash i sequece to test the fuctioality of the idicators.

35 Istallig the Airoet 340 Series Bridge 1-9 Viewig the Idicator Displays Top Pael Idicators The idicators are a set of displays located o the top pael of the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Etheret Idicator Used to idicate ifrastructure traffic activity. The light is ormally off, but will flash gree wheever a packet is received or trasmitted over the Etheret iterface. Status Idicator Shows solid gree whe the bridge has accepted a radio associatio. Radio Idicator Used to idicate radio traffic activity. The light is ormally off, but will flash gree wheever a packet is received or trasmitted over the radio. Whe the Airoet 340 Series Bridge is iitially powered up, all three displays will flash amber, red ad the gree, i sequece. If a power-o test fails, the status idicator will go solid red ad the uit will stop fuctioig. See Table 1.1 for a detailed explaatio of the Top Pael idicators. Figure Top Pael Idicators Etheret Status Radio

36 1-10 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Table Top Pael Idicator Descriptio Type Noassociated Node Idicator Display Etheret Status Radio Blikig Gree Gree Descriptio No odes associated Oe or more odes associated Operatioal Gree Blikig Gree Trasmittig/Receivig Radio packets Blikig Gree Gree Trasmittig/Receivig packets Gree Blikig Amber Maximum retries/buffer full occurred o radio Error/Warig Blikig Amber Gree Trasmit/Receive errors Blikig Amber Geeral warig, check the logs Failure Red Red Red Software failure Firmware Upgrade Red Flashig the firmware

37 Istallig the Airoet 340 Series Bridge 1-11 Back Pael Idicators The back pael idicators show i Figure 1.9 are: 10BaseT polarity: Solid amber to idicate the 10BaseT polarity is reversed. Check cable coectios. 10BaseT active: Solid gree to idicate the 10BaseT has bee cofigured as the active port. Etheret Rx: Flashes gree whe a Etheret packet has bee received. Etheret Tx: Flashes gree whe a Etheret packet has bee trasmitted. 10Base2 active: Solid gree to idicate the 10Base2 has bee cofigured as the active port. Packet Collisio: Flashes amber to idicate a packet collisio has occurred. Figure Back Pael Idicators Packet Collisio Etheret Tx 10BaseT polarity 10Base2 10Base5 10BaseT 10Base2 active Etheret Rx 10BaseT active

38 1-12 Airoet 340 Series Bridge

39 Chapter 2 - Accessig the Cosole System 2 CHAPTER 2 Accessig the Cosole System This chapter describes the methods used to access the Cosole system of the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. This system cotais all commads ecessary to cofigure ad moitor the operatio of the uit. Here s what you ll fid i this chapter: Access Methods Usig the Cosole Telet Access Web Access About the Meus Usig the Cofiguratio Cosole Meu Moitorig of DTR Sigal

40 2-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Access Methods There are may ways i which you may cofigure ad moitor the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Whe the uit is powered up, basic cofiguratio must iitially be performed by accessig the Cosole Serial Port. To gai access through the Serial Port, the bridge must be coected to a termial or a PC ruig a termial emulatio program. See Chapter 1 Istallig the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Set the termial to 9600 Baud, No-Parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, ad ANSI compatible. Oce the bridge has bee assiged a IP address, you may the access the Cosole remotely usig: Telet protocol from a remote host or PC HTML browser, such as Netscape Navigator from a remote host Simple Network Maagemet Protocol (SNMP) from a remote etwork maagemet statio Usig the Cosole The Cosole system is orgaized as a set of meus. Each selectio i a meu list may either take you to a sub-meu or display a commad that will cofigure or display iformatio cotrollig the uit. Whe the bridge is powered up, the mai meu will be displayed. Mai Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Cofiguratio [ meu ] - Geeral cofiguratio 2 - Statistics [ meu ] - Display statistics 3 - Associatio [ meu ] - Associatio table maiteace 4 - Filter [ meu ] - Cotrol packet filterig 5 - Logs [ meu ] - Alarm ad log cotrol 6 - Diagostics [ meu ] - Maiteace ad testig commads 7 - Privilege [ write ] - Set privilege level 8 - Help - Itroductio Eter a optio umber or ame >

41 Accessig the Cosole System 2-3 Each meu cotais the followig elemets: Title Lie: Cotais the product ame, firmware versio ad meu ame. It also cotais the uique ame assiged to the uit. See Chapter 6 Settig Network Idetifiers. Optio Colum: Displays the meu optios ad optio umber. Value Colum: Displays either the value as [meu] or displays the curret settigs for the optio. If the value is [meu], there are additioal sub-meus available. Descriptio Colum: Provides a brief descriptio of each optio o the meu. Eter a Optio Number or Name >: The cursor prompt used to eter optio umbers, ames, or commads. To select a item from the meu you may either eter the umber displayed beside the selectio, i which case you are immediately take to the selectio, or you may type the ame listed i the optio colum followed by a carriage retur. If you use the ame method, you oly eed to eter eough characters to make the ame uique from the other selectio ames i the meu. Whe you are eterig ames or commad iformatio you may edit the selectio by usig the BACKSPACE character to delete a sigle character or the DELETE character to delete the etire lie. Sub-Meus If the selectio you chose is a sub-meu, the ew meu will be displayed. You may ow either choose a selectio from this meu or retur to the previous meu by pressig the ESCAPE key. If you wat to retur to the Mai Meu, type the equal key (=) at the meu prompt.

42 2-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Commads ad Iformatio If your selectio is a commad, you may be prompted for iformatio before it executes. Iformatio may be oe of the followig types: Toke: A list of oe or more fixed strigs. To select a particular toke, you eed oly eter eough of the startig characters of the toke to allow it to be uiquely idetified from the characters of the other tokes i the list. Eter oe of [off, readoly, write] : w You would eed oly eter: o, r, or w followed by a carriage retur. Strig: A arbitrary amout of characters. The prompt will idicate the allowable size rage of the strig. Eter a ame of from 1 to 10 characters: abc def If the strig cotais a space, eclose the strig i quotatio marks. If you wish to eter a empty strig, use two quotatio marks with othig betwee them. Itegers: A decimal iteger. The prompt will idicate the rage of allowed values. Eter a size betwee 1 ad 100 : 99 hexadecimal iteger a umber specified i hexadecimal usig the characters 0-9 ad a-f or A-F. Eter a hex umber betwee 1h ad ffh : 1a Network address: A ifrastructure or MAC level address of 12 characters or less. Omit leadig zeros whe eterig a address. Eter the remote etwork address : IP address: A iteret address i the form of 4 umbers from separated by dots (.). Leadig zeros i ay of the umbers may be omitted. Eter a IP address : Oce all iformatio has bee etered the commad will execute. If the iformatio etered chaged a cofiguratio item, the ew value will be displayed i the meus.

43 Accessig the Cosole System 2-5 Some cofiguratio commads oly allow the choice betwee two fixed values. Whe the meu item is selected, the opposite value to the curret value is chose. For example, if the cofiguratio item is oly a selectio betwee o ad off, ad the curret value is o, the selectig the meu optio will select the off value. Some commads which have a severe effect o the operatio of the uit (such as the restart commad) ad will prompt to be sure you wat to execute the commad. Are you sure [y/] : If you eter aythig other tha a y or a Y the commad will ot be executed. If you are beig prompted for iformatio, you may cacel the commad ad retur to the meu by typig ESCAPE. Commads That Display Iformatio There are several types of commads that display iformatio to the operator. All displays ed with a prompt before returig back to the meus. If othig is etered at the prompt for 10 secods, the display will automatically refresh. Sigle page o-statistical displays ed with the followig prompt. Eter space to re-display, q[uit] : Ay character other tha space will cause the display to exit. Sigle page statistical displays ed with the followig prompt. Eter space to re-display, C[lear stats], q[uit] : Eterig a C (capital) will reset all statistics to zero. Multiple page table displays ed with the followig prompt. Eter space to redisplay, f[irst], [ext], p[revious], q[uit] : Parts of the prompt may or may ot be preset depedig o the display. If you are ot at the first page of the display, you may eter f to retur to the first page or p to retur to the previous page. If you are ot at the last page you may eter to go to the ext page.

44 2-6 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Commad Lie Mode Telet Access Aother way to move withi the Cosole is to eter commads directly from the Mai Meu. Commads allow you to bypass the meu system ad go directly to ay level sub-meu or optio. Eter the list of submeus, commad ames, ad iformatio separated by space characters. Example 1: To access the Radio Cofiguratio Meu (located two submeus dow): 1. At the Mai Meu prompt type: cofiguratio radio 2. Press ENTER. The Radio Cofiguratio Meu appears. Example 2: To access the packet size optio from the Radio Lik Test Meu (located three sub-meus dow): 1. At the Mai Meu prompt type: cofiguratio radio liktest size Press ENTER ad the Mai Meu is re-displayed. Oce the Airoet 340 Series Bridge has bee assiged a IP address ad coected to the ifrastructure, you may coect to the Cosole system from a remote PC or host by executig the telet commad. Oce the coectio has bee made, the Mai Meu will appear. The meus fuctio i the same way for both telet access ad Serial Port coectios.

45 Accessig the Cosole System 2-7 While a telet sessio is i progress, you may ot use the Cosole Port to gai access to the meus. If ay characters are etered, the followig message is prited idetifyig the locatio of the coectio. Cosole take over by remote operator at <use BREAK to ed> If you eter a break sequece, the remote operator will be discoected ad cotrol of the Cosole is retured to the Cosole Port. You may disable telet access to the bridge with a meu cofiguratio commad. NOTE: If you are leavig telet eabled, make sure you set passwords to secure the Cosole. See Eablig Liemode (Liemode). Web Access The Airoet 340 Series Bridge supports access to the Cosole system through the use of a HTML browser. To start a coectio use: address of Airoet 340 Series Bridge/ The page displayed will show the geeral status of the uit:

46 2-8 Airoet 340 Series Bridge The top sectio of the each page cotais a set of liks to the various sub-pages that allow you to cofigure ad display the status of the uit. The followig is a sample cofiguratio page At the top left there is a HOME lik which always retured to the mai page. By default, the web pages to display so as to ot allow ay chages to the cofiguratio of the uit. This is doe to try ad prevet ay iadvertet mouse clicks from chagig the cofiguratio. To chage a cofiguratio item you must first click o the Allow Cofig Chages lik i the top left corer. The page will be re-displayed i a form that allows the chages. Oce the chages have bee completed you should click o the Disallow Cofig Chages lik to re-protect the cofiguartio.

47 Accessig the Cosole System 2-9 Some cofiguratio items are displayed as a list of fixed choices. The curretly active choice is displayed i bold ad caot be selected. The other choices are displayed as liks that may be activated by clickig o them. Other cofiguratio items require the etry of some text. Eter the ew value i the text box ad the hit Eter to sed the chage to the AP for processig. For those commads that display pages of iformatio, the prompts fuctio the same as those o the Cosole Port, except istead of havig to type characters to select the differet optios, the optio is a hyperlik. You may disable web access to the bridge with a meu cofiguratio commad. NOTE: If you are leavig web access eabled, make sure that you set passwords to secure the Cosole. See Eablig Liemode (Liemode).

48 2-10 Airoet 340 Series Bridge About the Meus Perform the followig geeral fuctios usig meus: Cofiguratio: Allows you to cofigure Etheret ad Radio Parameters ad establish Network Idetificatios. See Chapters 3-6. Statistics: View a variety of statistical iformatio such as trasmit ad receive data throughput, Etheret ad radio errors, ad the geeral status of the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. See Chapter 9 Viewig Statistics. Associatio Table: A table that cotais the addresses of all radio odes associated below the Airoet 340 Series Bridge o the ifrastructure. You may use the associatio table to display, add ad remove static etries, ad allow automatic additios to the table. See Chapter 10 Settig Up the Associatio Table. Filter: Cotrols packet filterig. The filter meu allows you to cotrol forwardig of multicast messages by blockig those multicast addresses ad protocols that are ot used o the radio etwork. See Chapter 11 Usig Filters. Logs: Keeps a record of all evets ad alarms that occur o the uit. With the Logs Meu, you ca view ad/or prit a history of all log etries, set alarm levels, ad determie the type of logs you wat to save. See Chapter 12 Settig Up Evet Logs. Diagostics: Allows you to ru lik tests betwee the Airoet 340 Series Bridge ad other ifrastructure odes to test the quality of the radio lik. Use the Diagostics fuctio to load ew code versios of the bridge s firmware. See Chapter 13 Performig Diagostics. Privilege: Allows you to set privilege levels ad passwords to restrict access to the Cosole Port s meus ad fuctios. Help: A brief help scree outliig the procedures for accessig meus ad eterig commads.

49 Accessig the Cosole System 2-11 Usig the Cofiguratio Cosole Meu The Cosole system is cofigured usig the Cofiguratio Cosole Meu show below. To access this meu, select Cofiguratio from the Mai Meu the select Cosole from the Cofiguratio Meu. Cofiguratio Cosole Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Rpassword - Set readoly privilege password 2 - Wpassword - Set write privilege password 3 - Remote [ o ] - Allow remote operators 4 - Telet [ o ] - Allow telet coectios 5 - Http [ o ] - Allow http coectios 6 - Display - Display the remote operator list 7 - Add - Add a operator host 8 - Delete - Remove a operator host 9 - Commuities [ meu ] - SNMP commuity properties 01 - Type [ asi ] - Termial type 02 - Port [ meu ] - Serial port set-up 03 - Liemode [ off ] - Cosole expects complete lies Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ Settig Privilege Levels ad Passwords (Rpassword, Wpassword) You ca restrict access to the meus by settig privilege levels ad passwords. Privilege levels are set from the Mai Meu. Passwords are set from the Cofiguratio Cosole Meu. There are three privilege levels: Logged Out Level (Off): Access deied to all sub-meus. Users are oly allowed access to the privilege ad help optios of the Mai Meu. Read-Oly Level (Readoly): Read-oly privileges for all submeus. Oly those commads that do ot modify the cofiguratio may be used. Read-Write Level (Write): Allows users complete read ad write access to all sub-meus ad optios.

50 2-12 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Keep i mid the followig whe settig Privilege Levels ad Passwords: Oly Read-Oly ad Read-Write privilege levels ca be password protected. You ca always go from a higher privilege level to a lower privilege level without a password. If you try to go to a higher privilege level, you will be required to eter the password. Passwords are upper/lower case sesitive. Whe Eterig the passwords you will be prompted twice to esure they were etered correctly. The promptig will be doe with echoig off. To chage the curret privilege level go to the mai meu ad use the privilege fuctio. You will be prompted for the privilege level ad its associated password. i NOTE: After a privilege level has bee assiged, ayoe attemptig to access that level will be prompted for the password. This allows you to set various privilege levels for idividuals, providig them with access to some optios, while deyig them access to others. Remember passwords are case sesitive. CAUTION: Make sure you write dow the passwords you have established ad keep them i a safe place. If you forget your password, the uit will have to be retured for factory servicig. Please cotact Cisco Techical Support for further istructios. Cotrollig Telet ad Web Access to the Cosole You may disallow telet ad/or web access to the uit with the telet ad http meu items. Settig the value to off completely disables this type of access.

51 Accessig the Cosole System 2-13 Cotrollig SNMP access to the cofiguratio All SNMP maagemet statios must iclude a commuity ame strig i all of their requests for iformatio of the uit. This strig fuctios as a password for the smp access. Commuity ames have either readoly or read/write access associated with them. The read-oly ad read/write cosole passwords automatically are allowed as SNMP commuity ames with the appropriate privilege. The Cofiguratio Cosole Commuities meu may be used to add more commuity ames for use by the etwork maagemet statios. Cofiguratio Cosole Commuities Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Display - Display SNMP commuities 2 - Add - Add a commuity 3 - Remove - Remove a commuity 4 - Access - Set commuity access mode 5 - Remote [ off ] - Allow remote NMS to chage commuity ifo Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ You may use the Add, Remove, Display items to update ad display the table of allowed commuity ames. A ewly added ame will by default oly be allowed read-oly access. To chage the privilege level of a commuity use the Access item. The Remote item is used to cotrol whether a maagemet statio with write access is allowed to chage the commuity ames. By default the stadard SNMP commuity ames of public, proxy, private, regioal ad core are allowed read-oly access.

52 2-14 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Cotrollig Who Ca Access the Cosole You may also cotrol access through the use of a table of remote users. If a user is ot i the table ay remote access attempt will be termiated. This table cotrols all remote access to the uit via telet, http, ftp, smp, tftp, etc. A user is idetified by either IP address or the MAC address of the host he is usig to attempt access. You may use the Add, Remove, Display items to update ad display the table. If the Remote item is set to off the all remote access is deied regardless of etries i the table. If it is set to o ad there are o etries i the table the there are o restrictios o who may access the cosole. If there are etries i the table the oly those users whose IP or MAC address match will be allowed access.words are case sesitive. CAUTION: Remember that if you set remote off or make a mistake i the table, the oly access to the cosole will be through the serial port. Settig the Termial Type (Type) The termial type item tells the uit whether the termial or emulatio program you are usig supports the ANSI escape sequeces. Most moder oes do so you should select the asi optio. I this case colors will be added to the displays ad the scree cleared to start each ew page. If the termial does support the ANSI sequeces but you do ot wat the page to be cleared at the start of each display, choose the color optio. If the termial or program does ot support the ANSI sequeces, you should select teletype ad o special formattig is doe.

53 Accessig the Cosole System 2-15 Settig the Commuicatio Port Parameters (Port) Use the port optio to set the followig Airoet 340 Series Bridge port commuicatio parameters: Baud Rate, Data Bits, Parity ad Flow. Whe the port optio is selected, the Cofiguratio Cosole Port Meu appears. Ay chages are effective immediately. Cofiguratio Cosole Port Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Rate [ 9600 ] - Cosole baud rate 2 - Bits [ 8 ] - Bits per character 3 - Parity [ oe ] - Cosole parity 4 - Flow [ xo/xoff ] - Flow cotrol type Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ Baud rate selectios iclude 300, 1200, 2400, 9600, 19200, 38400, 56800, or bits per secod. Character size selectio may be: 7 or 8 bits per character. Parity may be: eve, odd, or oe. Flow cotrol selectios iclude: Off: No flow cotrol. Iput or output may be lost if the bridge caot hadle iputs or outputs from your termial quickly eough. Xo/Xoff: The bridge will use ASCII Xo/Xoff characters to cotrol the iput received from your termial to prevet iput buffer overflow. The uit will also cotrol its output of characters to the termial. Hardware: The bridge will use the RTS ad CTS lies to cotrol the flow of characters. The bridge seds characters while RTS is high ad will assert CTS whe the termial is allowed to sed. This mode is used for flow cotrol by passig the Xo/Xoff characters. Make sure the DTR sigal is also preset o the cable. See Moitorig of the DTR Sigal. Both: Uses both hardware ad Xo/Xoff flow cotrol.

54 2-16 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Eablig Liemode (Liemode) Eable liemode whe workig with telet ad termial emulators that do ot sed characters whe typed, but rather save them util the operator presses the carriage retur at the ed of a lie. The Cosole will ot automatically complete ay typed commads or iformatio whe a space or carriage retur is iserted. To eable liemode: 1. Select Cofiguratio o the Mai Meu. 2. Select Liemode o the Cofiguratio Cosole Meu. 3. Eter O to eable lie mode. NOTE: Some telet programs will automatically ivoke liemode by sedig the appropriate telet commads whe they coect to the Airoet 340 Series Bridge.

55 Accessig the Cosole System 2-17 Moitorig of the DTR Sigal The Airoet 340 Series Bridge moitors the state of the Data Termial Ready (DTR) sigal. This sigal is used to idicate the presece or absece of a DTE device coected to the Cosole Port. If the state of the sigal chages (up or dow) the followig actios will occur (uless a telet sessio is i progress): Ay curretly executig commad or display will be termiated Curret meu will be retured to the Mai Meu Cosole Privilege Meu will be set back to the highest level ot requirig a password. If the Cosole is cofigured for hardware flow cotrol ad the DTR sigal is curretly dow, all output will be discarded. The bridge would assume flow is off ad the Cosole would evetually lock up. If the cable used does ot have the DTR sigal coected it will ot chage state ad o actio will be take.

56 2-18 Airoet 340 Series Bridge

57 Part 2 - Cofiguratio Part 2 - Cofiguratio

58 Part 2 - Cofiguratio

59 Chapter 3 - Before You Begi 3 CHAPTER 3 Before You Begi This chapter provides a geeral itroductio to the Cofiguratio Meu ad describes the procedures for savig ad restorig your cofiguratios. See Chapters 4-11 for more iformatio o cofiguratios. Here s what you ll fid i this chapter: Viewig the Cofiguratio Meu Meu Descriptios Savig Cofiguratio Parameters Backig up your Cofiguratio Restorig your Cofiguratio

60 3-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Viewig the Cofiguratio Meu Oce you have completed the istallatio, the ext step is to use the Cofiguratio Meu commads to cofigure the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. To access the Cofiguratio Meu, select Cofiguratio from the Mai Meu. Cofiguratio Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Radio [ meu ] - Radio etwork parameters 2 - Etheret [ meu ] - Etheret cofiguratio 3 - Idet [ meu ] - Idetificatio iformatio 4 - Cosole [ meu ] - Cotrol cosole access 5 - Stp [ meu ] - Spaig Tree Protocol 6 - Mobile-IP [ meu ] - Mobile IP Protocol Cofiguratio 7 - Time [ meu ] - Network Time Setup 8 - Dump - Dump cofiguratio to cosole Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ Meu Descriptios Radio: Used to set radio etwork parameters, such as system ID, frequecy, ad bitrate. See Chapter 4 Cofigurig the Radio Network. Etheret: Used to set the Etheret Parameters. See Chapter 5 Cofigurig the Etheret Port. Idet: Used to set various ifrastructure idetifiers such as Node Names, Network ID, ad Iteret Address. See Chapter 6 Settig the Network Idetifiers. Cosole: Used to set up the Cosole Port. See Chapter 2 Accessig the Cosole System. STP: Used to cofigure the spaig tree protocol. See Chapter 8 Usig the Spaig Tree Protocol. Mobile-IP: Used to cofigure the uit as either a home or foreig mobile P aget. See Chapter 7 Cofigurig Mobile IP.

61 Before You Begi 3-3 Time: Used to cofigure time server address to set a stadard time base for displayig logs ad alarms. See Chapter 6 Settig the Network Idetifiers. Dump: Used to dump the cofiguratio commads to the Cosole Port. See Backig up your Cofiguratio (Dump). Savig Cofiguratio Parameters Although there is o explicit save commad, your cofiguratio parameters are automatically saved to o-volatile flash memory each time a parameter is set or modified. This will esure the cofiguratio is maitaied durig power failures or itetioal power dows. Most cofiguratio settigs become effective as soo as the commad is executed. Those that do ot immediately become effective will be oted i the commad iformatio. Backig up your Cofiguratio (Dump) Oce you have set the cofiguratio parameters for the Airoet 340 Series Bridge, use the dump optio to dump the cofiguratio commads to the Cosole Port ad save them as a ASCII file o a diskette, usig a PC termial emulatio program. If the o-volatile flash memory should ever become corrupted (ad you lose your saved cofiguratio), you ca use a commuicatios program to sed the cofiguratio commads to the Cosole Port. The system will automatically restore your cofiguratio based o these commads. Í To Back Up Cofiguratios: NOTE: Commads may vary depedig o the commuicatios program used. 1. I the termial emulatio program, set Save to File to O. 2. Select Cofiguratio from the Mai Meu the select Dump. The followig message appears: Eter oe of [all, o-default, distributable]:

62 3-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge All: The etire cofiguratio will be displayed. No-default: Oly the cofiguratio optios that are differet from the origial default settigs will be displayed. Distributable: Oly the cofiguratio optios that are ot cosidered uique to this uit are displayed. You may use the diagostics load distribute commad to sed this cofiguratio to other uits i the ifrastructure. 3. Eter oe of [stadard, ecoded]: Stadard: The cofiguratio is displayed i ormal readable text form. Ecoded: The cofiguratio is displayed with each cofiguratio commad replaced by a uique umber. This type of cofiguratio is the best to save sice the umber will ever chage over the life of the product. Text may chage or move as more items are added to the meus. 4. Eter your cofiguratio commad choice. 5. Save the file after the commads have bee dumped. 6. Tur Save to File to Off. 7. Press ay key to clear the scree. Restorig your Cofiguratio If your cofiguratio is ever lost or corrupted, you ca use restore your cofiguratio usig the program s ASCII upload commads.

63 Chapter 4 - Cofigurig the Radio Network 4 CHAPTER 4 Cofigurig the Radio Network This chapter describes the procedures for cofigurig the Airoet 340 Series Bridge Radio Network. It describes all of the fuctios i the Cofiguratio Radio Meu ad its sub-meus. Here s what you ll fid i this chapter: Settig up the basic radio cofiguratio Settig up ecryptio Settig up the advaced radio cofiguratio How to test the radio liks

64 4-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Overview Whe cofigurig the radio etwork, all uits should be cofigured while i close proximity to each other. This will allow your uits to commuicate with other radio odes o your ifrastructure as the uits parameters are set. Oce cofiguratio is complete, the uits ca the be moved to their permaet locatio. Tests ca be ru to check the reliability of the radio liks. See Ruig a Sigal Stregth Test (Stregth). The radio etwork parameters should be set i the order show below: 1. Establish a system idetifier. 2. Select a rate. 3. Select a frequecy. 4. Eable root or repeater mode. 5. Set ay exteded parameters (optioal). CAUTION: Chagig ay of the radio parameters after you have completed your cofiguratios will cause the uit to drop all radio coectios ad restart with the chages you have made. Cosequetly, there will be a disruptio i radio traffic through the uit.

65 Cofigurig the Radio Network 4-3 Usig the Cofiguratio Radio Meu The radio etwork is cofigured usig the Cofiguratio Radio Meu. To access this meu, select Cofiguratio from the Mai Meu the select Radio from the Cofiguratio Meu. Cofiguratio Radio Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Ssid [ "test" ] - Service set idetificatio 2 - Root [ o ] - Eable root mode 3 - Rates [ 1_11 ] - Allowed bit rates i megabits/secod 4 - Basic_rates [ 1 ] - Basic bit rates i megabits/secod 5 - Frequecy [ "auto" ] - Ceter frequecy i MHz 6 - Distace [ 0 ] - Maximum separatio i kilometers 7 - I80211 [ meu ] parameters 8 - Liktests [ meu ] - Test the radio lik 9 - Exteded [ meu ] - Exteded parameters Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ Establishig a SSID (SSID) This strig fuctios as a password to joi the radio etwork. Nodes associatig to the bridge must supply a matchig value, determied by their cofiguratios, or their associatio requests will be igored. Eablig Root Mode (Root) Use the root optio to eable or disable root mode. There may oly be oe uit servig as the root uit ad it is usually coected to the primary backboe ifrastructure. Those actig as remote bridges, attached to a secodary backboe ad commuicatig via radio to the root uit, should have their Root Mode set to Off. The default settig is O. Selectig the Allowed Data Rates (Rates) Use the rates optio to defie the data rate at which the uit is allowed to receive ad trasmit iformatio. Other uits i the radio cell are allowed to trasmit data to us at ay of these rates at their discretio.

66 4-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Whe a repeater associates to a root uit data is usually trasmitted betwee the uits at the highest rate that they both support. The uits may also dowshift to use lower commo rates if coditios warrat it. Basic Rates (Basic_rates) The basic rates optio is set o the root bridge. It is the set of rates that all odes i the radio cell must support or they will ot be allowed to associate. The lowest basic rate is use to trasmit all broadcast ad multicast traffic as well as ay associatio cotrol packets. Usig the lowest rate helps esure they will be received by all odes eve at the farthest distaces. The highest basic rate determies the maximum rate at which a ackowledge packet may be trasmitted. Selectig Frequecy (Frequecy) The actual frequecy allowed depeds o the regulatory body that cotrols the radio spectrum i the locatio i which the uit is used. If the settig is left as auto, the uit will sample all the allowed frequecies whe it is first started ad try to pick oe that is ot i use. This settig is oly allowed o the root uit as it is i charge of settig up the radio cell Settig the Distace (Distace) Sice the radio lik betwee bridges ca be quite log, the time it takes for the radio sigal to travel betwee the radios ca become sigificat. This parameter is used to adjust the various timers used i the radio protocol to accout for the extra delay. The parameter is oly etered o the root bridge, which will tell all the repeaters. It should be etered as the distace i kilometers of the logest radio lik i the set of bridges.

67 Cofigurig the Radio Network 4-5 Usig the Cofiguratio Radio IEEE Meu Cofiguratio Radio I80211 Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Beaco [ 100 ] - Beaco period i Kusec 2 - Dtim [ 2 ] - DTIM iterval 3 - Exted [ o ] - Allow proprietary extesios 4 - Bcst_ssid [ o ] - Allow broadcast SSID 5 - Rts [ 2048 ] - RTS/CTS packet size threshold 6 - Privacy [ meu ] - Privacy cofiguratio 7 - Ecapsulatio [ meu ] - Cofigure packet ecapsulatio Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ Settig the Beaco Period (Beaco) The beaco iterval is the time (i kilo-microsecods) betwee trasmissios of the IEEE beaco packet. The beaco packets are primarily used for radio etwork sychroizatio. A small beaco period meas faster respose for roamig odes. The default value is typically adequate. Settig the Forwardig Time Iterval (DTIM) The DTIM cout determies the cout of ormal beacos betwee the special DTIM beacos. If there o power savig cliet odes i a cell, as is usually the case with bridges, it is ot used. If there are power savig odes preset, the protocol defies that all power savig odes must, at the miimum, wake up to receive the DTIM beacos. If power save odes are preset, the AP will also buffer ay multicast packets it receives from the LAN ad oly trasmit them after the DTIM beaco. Settig the DTIM cout low causes the multicasts to be trasmitted more frequetly, but sets a lower upper limit as to how log a power save ode may remai asleep.

68 4-6 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Addig IEEE Maagemet Packet Extesios (Exted) If this parameter is eabled, the Airoet 340 Series Bridge will add extesios to some of the IEEE maagemet packets. This passes more iformatio to other radio odes allowig them to associate to the best bridge. Eve with the extesios eabled, other maufacturer s odes should igore the extra iformatio. However, if they become cofused, this parameter may be disabled. Allowig the Broadcast SSID (Bcst_ssid) This optio cotrols whether cliet odes will be allowed to associate if they specify the empty or broadcast SSID. Cliets that do ot kow the SSID of the bridge ca trasmit packets with the broadcast SSID. Ay bridges preset will respod with a packet showig their SSID. The cliet will the adopt the SSID ad associate. If you wish to esure that cliets kow the SSID beforehad the disable this fuctio. Settig the RF RTS/CTS Parameter (RTS) This parameter determies the miimum size trasmitted packet that will use the RTS/CTS protocol. The value etered must be i the rage of 100 to 2048 bytes. This protocol is most useful i etworks where the mobile odes may roam far eough so the odes o oe side of the cell caot hear the trasmissio of the odes o the other side of the cell. Whe the trasmitted packet is large eough, a small packet is set out (a RTS). The destiatio ode must respod with aother small packet (a CTS) before the origiator may sed the real data packet. A ode at the far ed of a cell will see the RTS to/from the bridge or the CTS to/ from the bridge. The ode will kow how log to block its trasmitter to allow the real packet to be received by the bridge. The RTS ad CTS are small ad, if lost i a collisio, they ca be retried more quickly ad with less overhead tha if the whole packet must be retried.

69 Cofigurig the Radio Network 4-7 The dowside of usig RTS/CTS is that for each data packet you trasmit, you must trasmit ad receive aother packet, which will affect throughput. Packet Ecapsulatio (Ecapsulatio Meu) Cofiguratio Radio I80211 Ecapsulatio Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Ecap [ 802.1H ] - Default ecapsulatio method 2 - Show - Show ecapsulatio table 3 - Add - Add a protocol ecapsulatio method 4 - Remove - Remove a protocol ecapsulatio method Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ The Ecap optio ad the related ecapsulatio table commads of Show, Add ad Remove are of cocer oly whe both of the followig coditios exist: You are assemblig a wireless LAN that icorporates o-airoet equipmet. The o-airoet equipmet uses a proprietary method of packet ecapsulatio that is differet from the method used by Airoet. If your wireless LAN cosists oly of Airoet compoets, use the default Ecap value of 802.1H ad disregard the iformatio i followig discussio Packet Ecapsulatio i Mixed Networks. Packet Ecapsulatio i Mixed Networks Airoet LAN software allows you to assemble a wireless ifrastructure usig compoets from differet suppliers. Whe combiig equipmet from differet sources ito a wireless LAN, you might eed to accommodate differet methods of packet addressig ad coversio. The complete subject of packet addressig is beyod the scope of this maual, ad our purpose here is to provide oly basic guidelies ad cosideratios. To combie a mix of equipmet from alterate suppliers ito a wireless LAN, you eed to kow the packet ecapsulatio methods used by the differet suppliers. If you determie that your ifrastructure will be mixig packet ecapsulatio methods, you will first eed to determie

70 4-8 Airoet 340 Series Bridge your primary method, or stadard, ad choose that as the default settig with the Ecap optio. All methods other tha the primary, or default, method eed to be etered i the Ecapsulatio Table. For all Airoet equipmet, the defied packet ecapsulatio stadard is 802.1H. The Show, Add ad Remove optios allow you to maage a table of alterate, o-i802.1h ecapsulatio methods that might be required to read data packets set from the other, o-airoet equipmet. The primary alterate to the I802.1H stadard is RFC O a Etheret LAN, the data portio of a frame may be i oe of two formats: DIX or DSAP/SSAP. The two formats differ both i packet size specificatios ad i the maer of headig, or startig, the data portio. A 802 wireless LAN requires packets to start with the DSAP/ SSAP format ad therefore must provide a method of coversio. DSAP/ SSAP packet types are easily coverted sice the header is already i the required style. DIX packet types preset more of a problem sice there are may differet formats ad o stadard coversio method. Airoet s 802.1H coversio protocol accommodates both DIX ad DSAP/SSAP packet types. I a 802.1H coversio, DIX type packets are prepeded with a header that mimics the DSAP/SSAP header. I a Airoet ifrastructure, this header style is ot used by ay wired Etheret odes so the remote radio ode is always able to accurately recovert the packet.

71 Cofigurig the Radio Network 4-9 Packet Ecryptio (Privacy Meu) Cofiguratio Radio I80211 Privacy Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Ecryptio [ off ] - Ecrypt radio packets 2 - Auth [ ope ] - Autheticatio mode 3 - Cliet [ ope ] - Cliet autheticatio modes allowed 4 - Key - Set the keys 5 - Trasmit - Key umber for trasmit Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ This meu cotrols the use of ecryptio o the data packet trasmitted over the air by the radios. The packets are ecrypted usig the RSA RC4 algorithm usig oe of up to 4 kow keys. Each ode i the radio cell must kow all the keys i use, but they may select ay oe to use for their trasmitted data. The Key optio is used to program the ecryptio keys ito the radio. You will be prompted as to which of the four keys you wish to set ad the you are prompted twice to eter the key with echoig disabled. Depedig o whether the radio is authorized to use 40 bit or 128 bit keys, you must eter either 10 or 26 hexadecimal digits to defie the key. NOTE: The keys must match i all odes i the radio cell ad must be etered i the same order. You do ot eed to defie all four keys as log as the umber of keys matches i each radio i the cell. Use the Trasmit optio to tell the radio which of the keys it should use to trasmit its packets. Each radio is capable of de-cryptig received packets set with ay of the four keys. If the Ecryptio optio is set to off the o ecryptio is doe ad the data is trasmitted i the clear. If the value is set to o the all trasmitted data packets will be ecrypted ad ay u-ecrypted received packet will be discards.

72 4-10 Airoet 340 Series Bridge The Ecryptio value may also be set to mixed. I this mode a root or repeater bridge will accept associatio from cliets that have ecryptio tured o or off. I this case oly data packets betwee odes that both support it will be ecrypted. Multicast packets will be set i the clear so that all odes may see them. CAUTION: We do ot recommed the use of mixed mode. If a cliet with ecryptio eabled seds a multicast packet to its paret, the packet will be ecrypted. The paret will the decrypt the packet ad re-trasmit it i the clear to the cell for the other odes to see. Seeig a packet i both ecrypted ad u-ecrypted form ca greatly aid i breakig a key. This mode is oly icluded for compatibility with other vedors. The protocol specifies a procedure i which a cliet must autheticate with a paret before it ca associate. The ope method of autheticatio is essetially a ull operatio. All cliets will be allowed to autheticate. With the shared key the paret sed the cliet a challege text which the cliet ecrypts ad seds back to the paret. If the paret ca de-crypt it correctly the cliet is autheticated. CAUTION: With the shared-key mode, sice a clear text ad ecrypted versio of the same data is trasmitted o the air, we agai do ot recommed its use. It does ot really gai you aythig, sice if the user s key is wrog the uit will ot be able to de-crypt ay of his packets ad they caot gai access to the etwork. The Cliet optio determies the autheticatio mode that the cliet odes are allowed to use to associate to the uit. The values allowed are ope, shared-key, or both. The Auth is used o repeater bridges to determie which autheticatio mode the uit will use to coect with its paret. The allowed values are ope or shared-key.

73 Cofigurig the Radio Network 4-11 Usig the Cofiguratio Radio LikTests Meu The optios i this meu ca be used to determie system performace o idividual odes as well as idividual ode radio performace. Cofiguratio Radio Liktests Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Stregth - Ru a sigal stregth test 2 - Carrier - Carrier busy statistics 3 - Multicast - Ru a multicast echo test 4 - Uicast - Ru a uicast echo test 5 - Remote - Ru a remote echo test 6 - Destiatio [ ay ] - Target address 7 - Size [ 512 ] - Packet size 8 - Cout [ 100 ] - Number of packets to sed 9 - Rate [ auto ] - Data rate 01 - Errors - Radio error statistics 02 - Autotest [ oce ] - Auto echo test 03 - Cotiuous [ 0 ] - Repeat echo test oce started Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ Ruig a Sigal Stregth Test (Stregth) The stregth optio seds a packet oce per secod to our paret access poit ad each ode i the associatio table. This packet is echoed back to the Airoet 340 Series Bridge which records ad displays the RF sigal stregth associated with that particular ode. It ca be used to quickly check the lik to each radio parter or could be moitored while aligig directioal ateas betwee two odes. As the ateas are moved, the sigal stregth could be moitored util the maximum value is achieved. SIGNAL LEVELS BRxxxx d1e5 Stregth I ******************************* Out ********************************** (^C to exit) Ruig a Carrier Busy Test The Carrier optio ca be used to determie the amout of activity o each of the available frequecies. Its mai use is to pick a uused frequecy or to check for the presece of a jammer.

74 4-12 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Whe started, the radio is put i a special mode, i which it will sca through all the allowed frequecies, pause o each oe ad measure the percetage of the time that the carrier detect lie for the radio is busy. CAUTION: Sice this test uses a special operatig mode all curret associatios to the uit will be lost durig the test. CARRIER BUSY / FREQUENCY * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Highest poit = 9% utilizatio Eter space to redisplay, q[uit] : The display is a scaled bar graph with the frequecies alog the bottom. The percetage utilizatio represeted by the highest bar is give i the bottom lie. Ruig the Echo Tests (Multicast, Uicast, Remote) A echo test cosists of sedig a umber of packet betwee uits. The packets are set with a proprietary protocol, which the target odes recogize ad will echo back to the test source alog with iformatio about how well it received the packets.

75 Cofigurig the Radio Network 4-13 The multicast optio is used to test trasmissio coditios withi local radio cells. Packets are set betwee the source ad destiatio odes without ay ackowledgmets or retries (as multicasts). This test provides a good idicatio of the raw state of the path to the ode sice o attempt is made to recover from ay radio errors. Testig lik to d1e5 with 100 multicast packets of size 512 Please wait: GOOD ( 9% Lost) Time Stregth % msec I Out Set: 100, Avg: Lost to Tgt: 8, Max: Lost to Src: 1, Mi: The time is displayed i millisecods. Each packet cotais the time it was set. Whe a packet is received by the source, the time differece idicates the roud trip time. Loger times idicate that the processor s or the radio s badwidth is full. The sigal stregth umbers idicate the stregth of the radio sigal at the time the packets were received at each ed. Sigal stregth is expressed as a percetage of full power. The uicast optio ca be used to test the path betwee the Airoet 340 Series Bridge ad ay other Airoet ode i the wired or radio etwork. The packets are set with the same error recovery as ormal user data so roud trip times idicate the ifrastructure throughput ad cogestio. Testig lik to d1e5 with 100 uicast packets of size 512 GOOD (8% Retries) Time Stregth % Retries msec I Out I Out Set: 100, Avg: Tot: 3 14 Lost to Tgt: 0, Max: Lost to Src: 0, Mi: If the path to the target ode was over the radio, a total umber of radio retries ecessary to complete the test is also displayed. If the total umber of retries is large, there may be problems with the lik. Look for

76 4-14 Airoet 340 Series Bridge sources of iterferece. Use the remote optio to ru a multicast lik test betwee a cliet ode associated somewhere i the ifrastructure ad its paret bridge. You will be prompted for the ifrastructure address of the cliet ode. A broadcast request will be made. The bridge with this associated ode will ru the lik test ad retur the results which will be displayed to the operator locally. Remote liktest from d258 to de Set 100 of byte packets, Destiatio received 90, Source received 90 The Echo Test Parameters (Destiatio,Size,Cout,Rate) The destiatio optio is used to idicate the target ode address for the lik test. You may eter a ifrastructure address or the strig ay. If you select ay, the Airoet 340 Series Bridge will direct the test to the first legal address foud i the associatio table, the access poit to which the uit is registered. If you eter a etwork address, it may oly be used for the remote or uicast liktests. The size ad cout optios are used to idicate the size ad umber of packets to be set. The default values are 100 packets of 512 bytes each. Both the size ad the cout ca be chaged. The packet size may be set from 24 to 1500 bytes ad the cout of the umber of packets to trasmit may be set from 1 to 999 packets. Usig the rate optio to cotrol the data rate at which the packets are set. Normally you would leave the settig at auto to allow the radio to perform it s ormal rate shiftig algorithm. You might use the actual rate settigs to test for the rage limits at each of the data rates. Whe ruig the lik test, use the highest data bit rate possible to test the reliability of your data bit rate ad frequecy combiatio. The more packets you sed ad the larger the packet size, the more accurate the test. NOTE: Multiple large packets will icrease test time.

77 Cofigurig the Radio Network 4-15 Viewig Errors (Errors) The errors optio is used to view the Radio Error statistics that may have occurred durig the lik test. See Chapter 9 Viewig Statistics. Cotiuously Ruig a Lik Test (Cotiuous) The cotiuous optio is used to cotiuously repeat the lik tests. If the value for the parameter is zero the tests are ot repeated; otherwise, the value determies the delay (i secods) betwee tests. Settig the Automatic Lik Test Mode (Autotest) The autotest optio is used to cotrol the automatic ruig of a lik test wheever a repeater associates to its paret. The test will use the curretly cofigured test parameters which, by default, rus a test to the paret ode. Off: A automatic test is ever ru. Oce: Oly oe test is ru the first time the uit associates to a paret after powerig o. Always: The test is ru each time the uit associates to a paret.

78 4-16 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Durig a automatic lik test the three idicators o the uit will tur gree i a cyclic patter to idicate a test is i progress. At the ed of the test, the idicators will be set to a solid patter for 4 secods to idiate the test results. The particular patter that will be displayed depeds o the percetage of packets lost durig the test as show i Table 4.1 Table Auto Lik Test Display Patters Radio Status Etheret % of Packets Lost Quality Gree Gree Gree 0-2 Excellet Gree Gree Amber 3-5 Very Good Gree Gree Off 6-25 Good Gree Amber Off Satisfactory Amber Off Off Fair Red Off Off Poor The Autotest procedure ca be used to help determie the placemet of repeater uits. For example, at each prospective locatio, a istaller could cycle the power o the uit ad watch the idicator displays for the results of the lik test. As the test begis to fail, the istaller could determie the radio rage to the ifrastructure ad adjust the locatio accordigly.

79 Cofigurig the Radio Network 4-17 Usig the Cofiguratio Radio Exteded Meu The exteded radio parameters are ot ormally modified, but some may have to be chaged whe certai situatios arise. Cofiguratio Radio Exteded Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Bridge_mode [ bridge_oly] - Bridgig mode 2 - Paretid [ ay ] - Paret ode Id 3 - Paret_timeout[ off ] - Time to look for specified paret 4 - Time_retry [ 8 ] - Number of secods to retry trasmit 5 - Cout_retry [ 0 ] - Maximum umber trasmit retries 6 - Refresh [ 100 ] - Refresh rate i 1/10 of secods 7 - Roamig [ directed ] - Type of roamig cotrol packets 8 - Balace [ off ] - Load balacig 9 - Diversity [ off ] - Eable the diversity ateas 01 - Power [ 20 ] - Trasmit power level 02 - Fragmet [ 2048 ] - Maximum fragmet size 03 - Optios - Eable radio optios Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ The Meu will display differet optios, depedig o whether your uit is servig as a ifrastructure or a repeater. Settig the Operatig Mode (Bridge_mode) This settig determies the type of cliet odes that are allowed to associate to this uit. If it is set to bridge_oly the oly other bridges are allowed to associate ad ot ay ormal cliet odes. Settig it to access_poit allowed ay kid of cliet to associate. Settig the value to cliet o a repeater bridge will ot allow ay other odes to associate to this ode. Settig a repeater to cliet mode also reduces some of the radio protocol overhead as this uit does ot have to costatly advertise its presece. Selectig a specific paret (Paret_id, Paret_timeout) The settig is oly available o repeater bridges. Normally a radio ode will choose its paret by pollig the air waves ad choosig the best available uit. If you wish to maually force a particular structure to the

80 4-18 Airoet 340 Series Bridge radio cell, usually because of kowledge of traffic patters, you ca use the paret_id optio to select the MAC address of the paret the uit would always try ad associate to. If you set the paret_timeout optio to off the uit will oly associate with the specified paret. If you set a value, the uit will poll for the specified paret for the give umber of secods each time it eeds to associate. If the paret is ot foud it will choose the best available paret. If the uit ever sees that the specified paret is preset it will switch its associatio. Settig Retry Trasmissio Time (Time_Retries, Cout_Retries) These settigs allow the user to establish a particular level of radio performace by cotrollig the RF packet retry level. The lesser of the two values will be used. If the retry cout is reached before the retry time is met, the retry process o this particular packet is stopped. If the destiatio was a child ode, it will be disassociated. If the destiatio was a paret bridge, the uit will begi scaig for a ew paret. The retry time may be set i the rage of 1 to 30 secods. The Airoet 340 Series Bridge will cotiually retry the packet i this time period while cotedig for the air waves with other trasmittig odes. The retry cout may be set i the rage of 0 to 64 times. If the cout is set to zero, oly the retry time applies. Use the retry cout field if the Airoet 340 Series Bridge is mobile ad you wat to move from bridge to bridge very quickly after movig out of rage. I o-mobile applicatios, sice you ca t move out of rage, it is most likely there is some temporary iterferece. Retry at a later time. Settig the Associatio Refresh Iterval (Refresh) This settig is oly preset o repeater bridges. If there has bee o directed traffic betwee the uit ad its paret for the specified time (i teths of a secod) the uit will sed a empty packet to the paret to verify that the coectio is still alive.

81 Cofigurig the Radio Network 4-19 Roamig Notificatio Mode (Roamig) Whe a ode roams from oe paret to aother the ew paret bridge seds packets to the wired etwork to iform ay other bridge, switches ad the old paret of the chage i locatio. If this optio is set to directed ad if the cliet ode kows its old paret s address, this packet is set as a directed packet to the old paret. I all cases we have ecoutered this should update the other etwork devices correctly. If you are havig ay problems you may wish to set the optio to broadcast to cause the packet to be set as a broadcast ad be guarateed to be set everywhere i the etwork. Settig the Loadig Balace (Balace) O a root bridge you may use the balace optio to cotrol how ofte the repeater bridge will execute the load balacig algorithm (i80211 Exted must be eabled). The repeater bridges will search for better parets based o the data traffic load ad umber of associatio eve if they are havig o trouble with their curret paret. The optios may be set to Off, Slow (every 30 secods), or Fast (every 4 secods). Settig Diversity (Diversity) This parameter tells the uit whether you have two ateas istalled. Set the parameter to Off if oe atea is istalled. The sigle atea must be istalled o the right coector whe facig the back of the uit with the LED display facig up. Settig the Power Level (Power) This parameter may be used to reduce the power level of the radio trasmitter dow from the maximum allowed by the regulatory commissio. Depedig o where you are located, you may be allowed to set the power to 50 milliwatts, 100 milliwatts or to full power. Settig Fragmet Size (Fragmet) This parameter determies the largest packet size that may be trasmitted. Packets that are larger tha this size will be broke ito pieces that are trasmitted separately ad rebuilt o the receivig side.

82 4-20 Airoet 340 Series Bridge If there is a lot of radio iterferece or collisios with other odes, the smaller lost packets ca be retried faster ad with less impact o the airwaves. The disadvatage is if there is limited iterferece, log packets will take more time to trasmit due to the extra packet overhead ad ackowledgmets for the fragmets. Set the fragmet size betwee 256 ad 2048 bytes. Settig Purchasable Radio Optios (Optios) This selectio is used to eable special features i the radio that may be purchased separately. Oe example is stroger ecryptio. To eable a optio select this meu item. You will be give the MAC address of this uit ad prompted for a password. Call customer support give them this address ad oce paymet has bee verified you will be give the password for this uit.

83 Chapter 5 - Cofigurig the Etheret Port 5 CHAPTER 5 Cofigurig the Etheret Port This chapter describes the procedures for cofigurig the Etheret Port of the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Here s what you ll fid i this chapter: Usig the Cofiguratio Etheret Meu Activatig/Disablig the Etheret Port Settig the Maximum Frame Size ad Port Iterface Type

84 5-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Usig the Cofiguratio Etheret Meu The Etheret Port is cofigured usig the Cofiguratio Etheret Meu. To access this meu, select Cofiguratio from the Mai Meu the select Etheret from the Cofiguratio Meu. Cofiguratio Etheret Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Active [ o ] - Coectio active 2 - Size [ 1518 ] - Maximum frame size 3 - Port [ auto ] - Port selectio Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ Activatig/Disablig the Etheret Port (Active) NOTE: Do ot activate the Etheret Port util all other parameters have bee set correctly. The active optio is used to eable or disable the Etheret Port coectio. The default settig for active is O. The active optio should be disabled if the port o the Airoet 340 Series Bridge is ot goig to be used. This iforms the software ot to route packets to the port ad stops the use of processig power for scaig for Etheret activity. Settig the Maximum Frame Size (Size) The size optio allows you to icrease the maximum size of the frames trasmitted to ad from the Etheret ifrastructure. Do ot set the maximum frame size greater tha 1518 uless you are ruig proprietary software that allows you to exceed this maximum. You may set the value betwee 1518 to 4096.

85 Cofigurig the Etheret Port 5-3 NOTE: After the parameter is chaged, the uit must be restarted either by powerig it Off ad the O, or by usig the Diagostics Restart commad for the chage to occur. Settig the Port Iterface Type (Port) If this parameter is set to Auto, the Airoet 340 Series Bridge will sca for a cable at all three coectios. Whe the bridge is wired to a Etheret card that also scas, this parameter should be set to the port that is beig cofigured. You may select AUI for 10base5 for thicket, 10baseT for twisted pair, or 10base2 for coax ad thiet.

86 5-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge

87 Chapter 6 - Settig Network Idetifiers 6 CHAPTER 6 Settig Network Idetifiers This chapter describes the procedures for settig the Airoet 340 Series Bridge etwork idetifiers. Here s what you ll fid i this chapter: Settig the IP address, subet mask, ad routig tables Domai ame server settigs DHCP settigs Settig the ames assiged to the uit Settig up a time server

88 6-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Usig the Cofiguratio Idet Meu Network idetifiers are etered usig the Cofiguratio Idet Meu show below. To access this meu, select Cofiguratio from the Mai Meu the select Idet from the Cofiguratio Meu. Cofiguratio Idet Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Iaddr [ ] - Iteret address 2 - Imask [ ] - Iteret subet mask 3 - Gateway [ ] - Iteret default gateway 4 - Routig [ meu ] - IP routig table cofiguratio 5 - Ds1 [ ] - DNS server Ds2 [ ] - DNS server Domai [ "airoet.com" ] - Domai ame 8 - Name [ "BR500T_24c1e2" ] - Node ame 9 - Locatio [ "" ] - System locatio 01 - Cotact [ "" ] - System cotact ame 02 - Bootp_DHCP [ o ] - Use BOOTP/DHCP o startup 03 - Class [ "BR500T" ] - DHCP class id Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ Usig DHCP or BOOTP By default the uit is cofigured to attempt to get a DHCP or BOOTP server to assig it a IP address ad optioally set other parts of the cofiguratio. For a complete descriptio of this operatio see Dowloadig Usig the Iteret Boot Protocol (Bootp/DHCP) i Chapter 13. Assigig a IP Address (Iaddr) Use the iaddr optio to establish a IP (Iteret Protocol) address for the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. A IP address must be assiged to the uit before it ca be accessed by either telet, HTTP, or SNMP.

89 Settig Network Idetifiers 6-3 Specifyig the IP Subet Mask (Imask) Use the imask optio to assig a IP Subetwork mask to the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. The subetwork mask determies the portio of the IP address that represets the subet ID. A digit i a bit of the mask idicates that the correspodig bit i the IP address is part of the subet ID. Settig Up the Domai Name Servers (Ds1,Ds1,Domai) A domai ame server allows the operator to specify the ame of a kow host rather tha its raw IP address whe accessig aother ode i the etwork You should obtai the address of the primary ad backup servers ad well as the domai ame for your etwork admiistrator. Establishig a Node Name (Name) The ame optio is used to establish a uique ode ame for the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. The ame is a text strig of up to 20 characters that appears o all Cosole Port Meus. It is passed i associatio messages to other odes o the radio etwork. See Chapter 10 Settig Up the Associatio Table. Settig SNMP Locatio ad Cotact Idetifiers (Locatio,Cotact) Use the locatio ad cotact optios to specify the locatio of the SNMP workstatio ad the cotact ame of the idividual resposible for maagig it i the evet of problems. You may eter a arbitrary strig of up to 20 characters for each item. Cofigurig the IP Routig Table (Gateway, Routig) The IP routig table cotrols how IP packets origiatig from the bridge will be forwarded. Oce the destiatio IP address is determied the followig checks are made: 1. If the destiatio IP address exactly matches a host etry i the table, the packet will be forwarded to the MAC address correspodig to the ext hop IP address from the table etry.

90 6-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge 2. If the destiatio is i the local subet, ARP is used to determie the odes MAC address. 3. If the destiatio address is o aother subet ad matches the ifrastructure portio of a et etry i the table (usig the associated subet mask), the packet will be forwarded to the MAC address correspodig to the ext hop IP address from the table etry. 4. If the destiatio address is o aother subet ad does ot match ay etry i the table, the packet will be forwarded to the MAC address correspodig to the default gateway s IP address. Most subets oly have oe router which is always used to access the rest of the etwork. Use the Gateway optio to set the IP address of the default router. This address is also used if the destiatio address does ot match ay etries i the routig table described below. The Routig optios allows your to set specific etries i the routig table. Cofiguratio Idet Routig Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Display - Display route table etries 2 - Host - Add a static host route 3 - Net - Add a static etwork route 4 - Delete - Delete a static route Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ Use the Host optio to add a etry for a sigle host. You will be prompted for the IP address of the host. Use the Net optio to add a etry for a exteral subet. You will be prompted for a etwork address ad a subet mask to idetify the remote etwork. Use the Delete optio to delete a table etry. The Display optios show the curret table. Routig Table Destiatio Next Hop Mask Flags Use S N 0 default S N S H 0

91 Settig Network Idetifiers 6-5 The Flags colum displays letters idetifyig the type of etry: S: Etry is static (etered by operator) N: Etry is a remote etwork route H: Etry is a host route The Use colum idicates the umber of packets that have bee forwarded usig this table etry. Settig up the Time Base (Cofiguratio Time) This meu lets you cofigure the bridge to query a etwork time server such that ay logs its prited ca referece the curret date ad time. Cofiguratio Time Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Time_server [ ] - Time protocol server 2 - Stp_server [ ] - Network time server 3 - Offset [ -300 ] - GMT offset i miutes 4 - Dst [ o ] - Use daylight savigs time >_ Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu The time_server optio sets the IP address or ame of a uix time protocol server to be queried. The stp_server optio sets the IP address or ame of a iteret simple etwork time protocol server to be queried. You should cofigure oly oe type of server. Sice the time retured by the servers is based o Greewich mea time you must use the Offset optio to give the time differece i miutes (plus or mius) from GMT. The Dst optio selects whether your time zoe uses daylight savigs time.

92 6-6 Airoet 340 Series Bridge

93 Chapter 7 - Cofigurig Mobile IP 7 CHAPTER 7 Cofigurig Mobile IP This chapter describes how to set up the bridge to serve as a mobile IP home or foreig aget. It assumes you uderstad the cocepts ad cofiguratio ecessary to use Mobile IP. Mobile IP is a protocol that allows roamig across differet IP subets while maitaiig their origial IP address. It requires a Mobile IP stack to be set up o the cliet device as well. This IP stack is available from FTP corporatio ad other IP stack vedors. Each cliet is assiged a IP address ad a home aget IP address by the etwork admiistrator. The Home aget resides o the subet for which the cliet s IP address is local. Whe the cliet roams to a foreig subet, it cotacts a foreig aget o that subet, supplyig its home aget address. The foreig aget cotacts the home aget with the cliet s iformatio. The home aget begis relayig ay packet foud o its local LAN destied to the cliet s IP address first back to the foreig aget ad from there back to the cliet.

94 7-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Usig the Cofiguratio Mobile IP Meu Cofiguratio Mobile-IP Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - AgetType [ off ] - Home / Foreig Aget 2 - Mobile - Home Aget Active Mobile Nodes 3 - Visitors - Foreig Aget Visitor List 4 - Add - Add Mobile Nodes 5 - Remove - Remove Mobile Nodes 6 - Display - Display Home Aget Authorized Addresses 7 - Setup [ meu ] - Aget Cofiguratio 8 - Advert [ meu ] - Advertisemet Setup Eter a optio umber or ame, "=" mai meu, <ESC> previous meu > Settig the Aget Type (AgetType) Determie the type of aget the uit is cofigured for, Home or Foreig. Settig this to OFF disables the Mobile IP processig. Displayig the Active Cliets (Mobile, Visitors) O a home aget the Mobile optio displays iformatio about mobile odes that are curretly away from their home etwork. Mobile Node Care of Addr Flags Lifetime SBDMGV 120/200 The first colum displays the ode s IP address; the ext shows the foreig aget it is coected with. The lifetime colum displays the cout i secods sice this etry was refreshed ad the cout at which it will be removed. To uderstad the meaig of the flags, you should read the iteret RFCs for Mobile IP. The flags have the followig meaigs: S - allow simultaeous care of addresses B - forward broadcasts to the ode D - sed directly to the mobile ode M - use miimum ecapsulatio method G - use GRE ecapsulatio method V - use Va Jacobse compressio

95 Cofigurig Mobile IP 7-3 O a foreig aget the Visitors optio display iformatio about the mobile odes curretly visitig this aget. Mobile Node Mac Address Home Aget State Lifetime Est 180/200 The first colum is the ode s IP address followed by its MAC address ad the its home aget IP address. The state is either established or waitig for home aget cofirmatio. The lifetime colum displays the cout i secods sice this etry was refreshed ad the cout at which it will be removed. Authorizig Mobile Nodes to Roam (Add/Remove/Display) Before a ode is allowed to roam, the home aget must be told iformatio about the ode to validate its idetity. The Add optio allows you to validate a rage of IP addresses. You are prompted for the low ad high IP addresses i the rage. They ca be the same address to validate a sigle user. You may require that the setup packets set betwee the home aget, foreig aget, ad the ode itself must be ecrypted. You ca either eter oautheticatio or a security parameter idex ad a MD5 key. The Remove optio removes etries from the table. You may either specify a sigle low IP address or all. The Display optio displays the curretly authorized odes. Low Address High Address SPI Md5 Key

96 7-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Set up the Aget Parameters (Setup) This meu lets you cofigure the parameters that cotrol the operatio of the agets. Cofiguratio Mobile-IP Setup Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Lifetime [ 600 ] - Max Registratio Lifetime 2 - ReplayProt [ timestamps ] - Replay Protectio Method 3 - Broadcasts [ off ] - Broadcast Forwardig 4 - RegRequired [ o ] - Registratio Required 5 - HostRedirects [ off ] - Eable ICMP Host Redirects to MN Eter a optio umber or ame, "=" mai meu, <ESC> previous meu > The Lifetime parameter has two fuctios. It is the maximum amout of time the Home Aget will grat a mobile ode to be registered o a foreig etwork before reewig its registratio. Note that the lifetime a mobile ode asks for durig the registratio process may be more or less tha this value. However, the Home Aget will oly grat a lifetime up to this value. The lifetime value is also placed i the aget advertisemet packets. mobile odes typically use this field from the advertisemets to geerate the Lifetime value for the Registratio Request. The ReplayProt optio determies the scheme used to prevet attacks based o capturig packets ad playig them back at a later time. Two replay protectio methods are allowed i Mobile IP: timestamps (madatory) ad oces (optioal). Due to a patet that may apply to ocebased replay protectio, we do ot support oces at this time. This value must be set to timestamps. The Broadcasts optio determies whether mobile odes are allowed to request that broadcasts from their home etwork are forwarded via tuelig to the mobile ode. Some protocols require broadcast packets from the home etwork to maitai proper operatio (i.e., NetBIOS). Uless eeded, this optio should be left at the default value of off to avoid uecessary traffic. If the RegRequired is off, mobile odes are allowed the optio of registerig to a Home Aget without the use of a Foreig Aget via a colocated care-of-address dyamically acquired while o the foreig et-

97 Cofigurig Mobile IP 7-5 work. This is useful i cases where Foreig Agets have ot yet bee deployed o the foreig etwork; however, this scheme cosumes IP addresses o that etwork. Settig this value to o will force mobile odes o this etwork to always register usig a Foreig Aget. The HostRedirects optio idicates whether or ot the Foreig Aget will sed a ICMP message to mobile odes registered through it specifyig the Address of a IP Router for the mobile ode to use. If set to off (default), the mobile ode will always use the Foreig Aget as its default gateway (router). Settig this value to o may improve performace while visitig a foreig etwork; however, there may be coectivity problems which result due to ARP broadcasts from the mobile ode. Cotrol Aget Advertisemets (Advert) Agets advertise themselves o the LAN so that the mobile odes ca fid them ad determie whether they are home or away. Cofiguratio Mobile-IP Setup Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - AdvertType [ multicast ] - Advertisemet type 2 - AdvertIterval [ 5 ] - Advertisemet iterval 3 - PrefixLe [ off ] - Advertise prefix legth extesio 4 - AdvertRtrs [ o ] - Advertise routers Eter a optio umber or ame, "=" mai meu, <ESC> previous meu > The AdvertType value specifies the type of datagram the Mobile Aget will use whe sedig out ICMP Aget Advertisemets. The RFC 1256 recommedatio ad the default for the Access Poit is to use the All Hosts Multicast address ( ). I testig, it was discovered that some mobile odes were ot automatically joiig this multicast group ad thus were igorig the aget advertisemets. For these mobile odes this value should be chaged to broadcast, which will use the limited broadcast address ( ) for all usolicited aget advertisemets. The AdvertIterval value specifies how frequetly (i secods) the Mobile Aget will sed out a ICMP Router Advertisemet multicast. These advertisemets are used by the mobile odes to locate the Mobile

98 7-6 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Agets ad to determie to which etwork they are curretly attached. The more frequet the advertisemet, the sooer the mobile ode will be aware that it has attached to a ew etwork ad start the registratio/deregistratio process (if ecessary). Sice these are either multicast or broadcast datagrams (see below), the Access Poit must be cofigured to forward these types of frames oto the RF etwork. We are curretly workig o a scheme to allow lik layer otificatio of re-attachmet resultig i a Router Solicitatio from the mobile ode. This will prompt a uicasted Router Advertisemet from the Mobile Aget to the mobile ode ad allow multicast/broadcast forwardig o the Access Poit to be tured off. The PrefixLe optio allows the Prefix Legth extesio to the Mobility Aget (router) advertisemet to be eabled or disabled. This extesio is used to idicate the umber of bits i the subet mask for the Mobility Aget geeratig the advertisemet. The presece of the Prefix Legth extesio may be helpful to some mobile odes i determiig if they have attached to a foreig etwork. The default value is off. (Note: This optio should be o for FTP TSR stacks ad off for VxD stacks.) RFC 2002 (Mobile IP) states that IP Routers MAY be icluded i the Router Advertisemet (RFC 1256) portio of the Aget Advertisemet. However, sice the IP Address of the Aget itself is icluded i the router list, doig so may cause some hosts to select the Mobility Aget as its default router. I a attempt to miimize this situatio, the Mobile Aget also icludes the IP Address of its default router i the list of advertised routers with a higher preferece value. If a host cotiues to select a Mobility Aget as its default router, the Aget ca be cofigured to advertise zero routes by settig AdvertRtrs to off. The default value is o.

99 Chapter 8 - Usig the Spaig Tree Protocol 8 CHAPTER 8 Usig the Spaig-Tree Protocol This chapter describes how to cofigure the Airoet 340 Series Bridge for use with the Spaig Tree Protocol (STP) Protocol. Here s what you ll fid i this chapter: Overview Uderstadig Loops How STP Protocol Works Receivig Cofiguratio Messages Determiig the Root Bridge, Root Cost, ad Spaig Tree Uderstadig Bridge Failures Avoidig Temporary Loops Establishig Timeouts Node Agig Addressig Implemetig the STP Protocol

100 8-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Overview STP is used to remove loops from a bridged LAN eviromet. The Airoet 340 Series Bridge implemets the IEEE 802.1d Spaig Tree Protocol (STP) specificatio to maage multiple bridges i a exteded LAN eviromet. This allows the Airoet 340 Series Bridge to be used i bridged ifrastructures with other 802.1d compliat bridges. The protocol also allows the bridges i a arbitrarily coected ifrastructure to discover a topology that is loop free (a tree) ad make sure there is a path betwee every pair of LANs (a spaig tree). If you are admiisterig a multiple-bridge ifrastructure, this Chapter explais how the protocol works. However, if your ifrastructure cosists of a sigle bridge you ca operate with the default values, although it might ot be the optimal cofiguratio required.

101 Usig the Spaig-Tree Protocol 8-3 Uderstadig Loops If there is more tha oe path from oe LAN to aother, the ifrastructure cotais a loop. Figure Example Loop o a Bridge Ifrastructure Node A LAN 1 Bridge 1 Bridge 2 LAN 2 If Node A trasmits a multicast packet, both Bridge 1 ad Bridge 2 will try ad forward the packet to LAN 2. Each bridge, o seeig the other s trasmissio o LAN 2, will forward the packet back to LAN 1. The cycle will cotiue ad the packet will loop forever takig up all of the badwidth of the bridges. Topologies cotaiig loops may be more complicated. For example, if Bridge 2 was replaced by two bridges with a LAN betwee them, the effect would still be the same.

102 8-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge How STP Protocol Works The STP protocol works by havig the bridges trasmit special cofiguratio messages to each other. The messages cotai eough iformatio to allow the bridges to: Elect a sigle bridge. A sigle bridge is selected, from all the bridges o all the LAN, to be the root bridge. Each bridge the calculates the distace of the shortest path to the root bridge. Elect a desigated bridge (for each LAN). A bridge from all the bridges residig o the LAN will be selected. This bridge will be closest to the root bridge. Select its ow port to be root port.this bridge has the best path to the root bridge. Select ports are to be icluded i the spaig tree. Ports are icluded if they are a root port or the bridge itself has bee selected as the desigated bridge for the port s LAN. Ay ports ot icluded i the spaig tree will be blocked ad ay data received from its LAN will be discarded. The bridge will ot forward ay traffic to this port. Receivig Cofiguratio Messages Cofiguratio messages cotai four mai fields. The Bridge ID of the root bridge. This is called the root ID. A bridge s ID cosists of a 16 bit priority value appeded with the ifrastructure address of the bridge. The ifrastructure address of the bridge is usually the address of oe of the bridge s ports.the priority value is assiged by the operator with a default value of 8000 hex. The Bridge ID of the trasmittig bridge. The cost of the path from the trasmittig bridge to the root bridge. The port ID of the port o which the message was trasmitted.the ID is made up of a 8 bit priority value appeded with a 8 bit port umber assiged to the port by the bridge. The priority value is assiged by the operator with a default value of 80 hex.

103 Usig the Spaig-Tree Protocol 8-5 Each bridge starts by assumig it is the root ad its root cost is 0. Whe a bridge receives a cofiguratio message, it records the values oly if the message received is better tha the message it would trasmit out the port. For example, message C1 is better tha C2: If the root ID i C1 has a lower umeric value tha the value from C2. If the root ID s are equal ad C1 s root cost is lower. If the root ID s ad costs are equal ad C1 s trasmittig Bridge ID has a lower umeric value. If the root ID, cost, ad Bridge ID are equal ad C1 was trasmitted o a port with a lower port ID. This should oly occur if two ports from the same bridge are coected to the same LAN. If a port receives a better message tha the oe it would trasmit, the bridge stops trasmittig cofiguratio messages o that port. Oly oe port o each LAN will be trasmittig the messages. The bridge that cotais this port is called the desigated bridge for that LAN ad the port is called the desigated port. Determiig the Root Bridge ad Root Cost Each bridge determies the root bridge s ID by comparig its ow ID with those from the best messages received o all of its ports. The root ID is the used i all trasmitted cofiguratio messages. If a bridge is the root, its root cost is 0. If a bridge is ot a root, its cost is the miimum of the costs received i the messages from all its ports as well as the cost from the port o which the miimum cost message was received. This cost is the used i all trasmitted cofiguratio messages. The port o which the miimum cost message was received is called the root port.

104 8-6 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Determiig the Spaig Tree All ports o a bridge, either the root port or the desigated port for their LAN, are allowed to forward packets. All others are blocked ad do ot trasmit or receive ay data packets. Uderstadig Bridge Failures All root ad blocked ports moitor the LANs to which they are coected ad watch for cofiguratio messages trasmitted by the desigated bridge for the LAN. The STP protocol specifies a timeout period i which these ports must see at least oe message. Each time a message is received, the timer is restarted. If the timeout period expires, the bridge assumes the desigated bridge has failed. The bridge will discard the saved value for the port, make the port the desigated port for that LAN, ad restart sedig cofiguratio messages. The bridge will also recalculate its values for the root bridge ad root cost based o the active ports. Other blocked ports o the same LAN will timeout ad start to trasmit messages. Evetually a ew desigated bridge, port, ad root bridge will be determied. Avoidig Temporary Loops It will take a o-zero amout of time for the protocol to determie a stable loop free topology due to the time for messages to pass from oe ed of the ifrastructure to the other. If the ports were allowed to forward while the protocol was stabilizig, the temporary loops could form. To avoid temporary loops, ports are ot allowed to go immediately from the blocked state to the forwardig state. They must first go through a state called listeig. I this state, they may receive ad trasmit cofiguratio messages as eeded but must block all data traffic. The time spet i the listeig state must be at least twice the ed-to-ed trasmit time of the ifrastructure.

105 Usig the Spaig-Tree Protocol 8-7 If the port is still part of the spaig tree at the ed of the listeig period it is put i the learig state. I this state it ca still receive ad trasmit cofiguratio messages, but is also allowed to lear the source addresses from the packets received from its LAN. It is still ot allowed to forward ay packets. The learig state is used to lesse the amout of floodig of ukow destiatio addresses that would occur if the port started forwardig before there were ay etries i its learig table. Oce the learig period is over, the port is allowed to forward data ormally. Establishig Timeouts The cofigured timeout values o the root bridge are passed to each bridge i a cofiguratio message to esure that all bridges o the ifrastructure are usig the same timeout periods. The root bridge puts its ow values i its messages. All other bridges copy the values cotaied i the cofiguratio message set to them from their root port. The value i this message is used i all of the bridge s trasmitted messages. Usig this method, the values are propagated throughout the ifrastructure. Node Address Agig Occasioally statios may be moved from oe LAN to aother. The bridges will remove leared addresses from their tables if o packets have bee received from a ode for a period of time. If ode addresses do ot timeout, the bridge may cotiue to sed packets for a ode to the wrog LAN. If a ode seds packets from its ew LAN locatio, the tables might be corrected, however, this is ot guarateed. The default timeout period is 5 miutes. If a ew bridge or port is added to a ifrastructure, the ports icluded i the spaig tree could chage dramatically. It may appear that a ode has chaged locatio very quickly. To allow for these quick chages of locatio, the spaig tree protocol specifies that every time a port eters the blocked or forwardig states, its bridge must sed a topology chaged message to the root bridge.

106 8-8 Airoet 340 Series Bridge The root bridge i tur will iclude a flag i all the cofiguratio messages it seds.this flag will be propagated through the ifrastructure by all the other bridges. After a time period the root bridge will clear the flag. This istructs all bridges to retur to the ormal agig timeout. Implemetig STP Protocol The STP protocol is implemeted o the Airoet 340 Series Bridge as follows. Each root bridge, with all of its repeaters, looks to other bridges i the ifrastructure as a sigle multi-port bridge with a bridge address equal to the ifrastructure address of the root bridge. The STP protocol rus oly o the root bridge, ot o repeaters. Repeaters oly trasmit packets or chage state o commads from the root bridge. To reduce radio traffic, the repeaters will cotiue to trasmit cofiguratio messages at the timeout period without havig to be told to trasmit each oe by the root bridge. They will also oly sed received cofiguratio messages back to the root bridge if they are differet from the previously received message. Whe a repeater is ot associated to a paret bridge, it will put its LAN port i the blocked state ad will ot forward ay data to or from the port. Oce associated, the root bridge will take cotrol. The protocol parameters are all cofigured from the root bridge. The local port parameters are cofigured o each repeater bridge.

107 Usig the Spaig-Tree Protocol 8-9 Usig the Cofiguratio STP Meu (Root Bridge Oly) The STP Protocol for a root bridge is cofigured usig the Cofiguratio STP Meu. This meu will oly appear if the Root Mode is O as described i Chapter 4 Cofigurig the Radio Network. To access this meu, select Cofiguratio from the Mai Meu, the select STP from the Cofiguratio Meu. Cofiguratio Stp Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Active [ off ] - Protocol eabled 2 - Bridge [ meu ] - Bridge parameters 3 - Port [ meu ] - Port parameters 4 - Display - Protocol status 5 - State [ "Forward" ] - Local etheret port state Eablig STP Protocol (Active) The active optio acts as a O/Off switch for the STP protocol. The default settig is Off, which meas all root ad repeater LAN ports are placed i the forwardig state. If the optio is tured O, the root ad repeater LAN ports are placed i the listeig state. If you are ruig a small ifrastructure, ad there will ever be ay loops, leave the STP protocol Off. If you are usure, chage the settig to O as the overhead ivolved for bridges is small. Settig Bridge Parameters (Bridge) The bridge optio allows you to set the overall parameters ad timeout values for a root bridge. Whe the bridge optio is selected, the Cofigure STP Bridge Meu appears. Cofiguratio Stp Bridge Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Priority [ 8000 ] - Bridge priority 2 - Hello_time [ 2 ] - Hello message iterval 3 - Forward_delay [ 15 ] - Forwardig delay 4 - Msg_age_timeout [ 20 ] - Receive hello message timeout

108 8-10 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Settig the Bridge Priority (Priority) The priority optio is used to set the priority value appeded to the ifrastructure address of the Bridge ID. By chagig the priority value, you ca ifluece which bridge i the ifrastructure will become the root bridge. The lower the priority value, the more likely the bridge will be the root. If all other bridges are set to the default value (8000 hex), a bridge set with a lower value will become the root.

109 Usig the Spaig-Tree Protocol 8-11 Figure 8.2 provides a sample cofiguratio i which it would be useful to chage the root bridge. Bridge 4 is the root with the spaig tree show by the thick lie. STP has bee disabled to the port o Bridge 1 to prevet a loop. Figure No-Optimal Choice of Root Bridge Port disabled by STP LAN A Bridge 1 LAN B Bridge 2 Bridge 3 LAN C Bridge 4 (Root) LAN D

110 8-12 Airoet 340 Series Bridge If there is heavy traffic betwee LAN A ad LAN B, it would be more efficiet to have Bridge 1 become the root with the port o Bridge 3 beig disabled. Figure Alterate Root Bridge Arragemet LAN A Bridge 1 LAN B Bridge 2 Bridge 3 Port disabled by STP LAN C Bridge 4 (Root) LAN D

111 Usig the Spaig-Tree Protocol 8-13 Settig the Hello Message Iterval Time (Hello_Time) The hello_time optio is used to set the iterval time, i secods, betwee the trasmissio of cofiguratio messages. This value is oly used if the local bridge becomes the spaig tree root bridge. If ot, the value i received cofiguratio messages trasmitted from the root bridge is used. If the iterval time is set too high, the ifrastructure will respod slowly i resolvig ay coflict problems. However, if set too low, the ifrastructure will be crowded with hello message traffic. The iterval time values rage betwee 1 ad 10 with a default value of 2. Settig the Forwardig Delay Time (Forward_Delay) The forward_delay optio is used to set the delay time, i secods, that the ports will sped i the listeig ad learig states. This value is oly used if the local bridge becomes the spaig tree root bridge. If ot, the value i received cofiguratio messages trasmitted from the root bridge is used. This optio is also the timeout period used to age leared addresses wheever the spaig tree topology is chaged. The value should be at least twice the trasit time of a packet set from oe ed of the ifrastructure to the other. This allows for ews of a topology chage to reach all odes ad allows all ports to be blocked before ew ports eter the forwardig state. If the iterval time is set too low, the temporary loops could be formed. However, if set too high, it will take loger for the ifrastructure to become active after a spaig tree topology chage has bee made. The delay time values rage betwee 4 ad 30 with a default value of 15. Settig the Receive Hello Message Timeout (Msg_age_timeout) The msg_age_timeout optio is used to set the timeout period, i secods, a blocked or root port watches for cofiguratio messages from the ifrastructure s desigated port. This value is oly used if the local bridge becomes the spaig tree bridge. If ot, the value received i cofiguratio messages trasmitted from the root bridge is used. Each time a cofiguratio message is received, the timer is started. If the timer expires, the root bridge is assumed to have failed ad the spaig tree ifrastructure will be recofigured.

112 8-14 Airoet 340 Series Bridge If the timeout period is set too low, the spaig tree ifrastructure may recofigure itself uecessarily ad messages ca be lost due to heavy traffic o the ifrastructure. However, if set too high, the ifrastructure will take loger tha ecessary to recover from failed ports or bridges. The upper limit o the allowed rage is determied by the settig of the forwardig delay. The timeout period must be less tha twice the forwardig delay, mius 1 secod. The timeout values rage betwee 6 ad 29 with a default value of 20. Settig Port Parameters (Port) The port optio allows you to set the port parameters for a root bridge s local LAN port ad for the ports of ay active coected repeaters. Whe the port optio is selected, the Cofiguratio STP Port Meu appears. Cofiguratio Stp Port Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Port [ o ] - Protocol eabled for etheret port 2 - Priority [ 80 ] - Local etheret port priority 3 - Cost [ 100 ] - Local etheret port cost 4 - Rport - Protocol eabled for remote port 5 - Rpriority - Remote port priority 6 - Rcost - Remote port cost Eablig the STP Protocol (Port) The port optio is used to eable the STP protocol o the local port. The default settig is O, which allows all root bridge LAN ports to be iitially placed i the listeig state. If the optio is tured Off, the LAN ports are placed i the forwardig state. If the port s LAN will always be coected to the bridge ad loops will ever occur, tur the protocol Off to prevet the port from trasmittig cofiguratio messages o every timeout period.

113 Usig the Spaig-Tree Protocol 8-15 Settig the Local Port Priority (Priority) The priority optio is oly used whe two or more repeaters are coected to the same LAN for redudacy ad you wat to select which oe will forward the packets. The port assiged the lowest priority value will be the oe to forward. The priority rage is from 0 to ff hex with a default settig of 80. Settig the Local Port Cost (Cost) The value for the cost optio is added to the root cost field from ay received cofiguratio messages to determie if the port has the least cost path to the root. Cost values ca be set for or less with a default value is 100. The larger the cost value, the more likely the port will be a backup for aother active port o its LAN. If there is o active port, it is likely the LAN will be a leaf of the ifrastructure tree or a less used LAN i the tree. Cofigurig Ports of Active Coected Repeaters (Rport, Rcost, Rpriority) The rport, rpriority ad rcost optios are used to cofigure the ports of active ad coected repeaters i the root s radio tree. These optios are idetical to the port, priority ad cost optios described except whe the values are etered, you will be prompted for the applicable port umber. The port umber ca be obtaied from the port ID field o the Protocol Status Display scree.

114 8-16 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Displayig the Protocol Status (Display) The display optio shows the overall status of the STP protocol ad the state of each port o the local bridge. Whe you select Display, the STP Status scree appears. STP STATUS Bridge Id : cd0e Network Hello iterval : 2 sec Root Id : f , Cost 100 Network Forward Delay : 5 sec Topology chage : off Network Msg age Timeout : 20 sec Desigated Port Address LAN Id Cost State Type Bridge Port Root Cost cd0e Eth Forward Root f Bridge Id: The ID of the local bridge. Root Id: The ID of the spaig tree root. If the local bridge is ot the root, the the cost to the root is also displayed. Topology chage: Idicates whether the short agig timeout is curretly i use because of a port state chage somewhere o the ifrastructure. Network Hello Iterval, Network Forward Delay ad Network Msg age Timeout: Shows the timeout values received from the root bridge which are i use by all bridges o the ifrastructure. These values override ay locally cofigured values. Port Address: The ifrastructure address of the bridge o which the port resides. Id: The port ID, which cosists of the port priority (high byte) ad the port umber (low byte). As each repeater coects to the root its port is assiged the ext available port umber. Cost: The operator cofigured cost for the port. State: Curret state of the port. Shows oe of forward, lear, liste, or blocked. The state may also be disabled if the port has bee shut off by the operator. Type: Curret port type. Shows oe of root, desigated, or blocked. The type will be disabled if the protocol is ot ruig o the port. Desigated (Bridge, Port, Root Cost): Displays the desigated bridge ad port for the specific LAN as well as the cost to the root from the desigated port.

115 Usig the Spaig-Tree Protocol 8-17 Viewig the Port State (State) The state optio is a read-oly value which displays the curret STP state of the local LAN port. The states displayed are forward, lear, liste, or blocked.

116 8-18 Airoet 340 Series Bridge

117 Part 3 - Cotrol & Maiteace Part 3 - Cotrol & Maiteace

118 Part 3 - Cotrol & Maiteace

119 Chapter 9 - Viewig Statistics 9 CHAPTER 9 Viewig Statistics This chapter describes how to use the Statistics Meu to moitor the performace of the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Here s what you ll fid i this chapter: Viewig the Statistics Meu Throughput Statistics Radio Error Statistics Etheret Error Statistics Displayig Source Routes Displayig Overall Status Recordig a Statistic History Displayig a Statistic History Displayig Node Iformatio Settig Scree Display Time

120 9-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Viewig the Statistics Meu The Statistics Meu provides easy access to a variety of statistical iformatio regardig the Airoet 340 Series Bridge s performace. You ca use the data to moitor the uit ad detect problems whe they occur. To access this meu, select Statistics from the Mai Meu. Statistics Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Throughput - Throughput statistics 2 - Radio - Radio error statistics 3 - Etheret - Etheret error statistics 4 - Status - Display geeral status 5 - Map - Show etwork map 6 - Watch - Record history of a statistic 7 - History - Display statistic history 8 - Nodes - Node statistics 9 - ARP - ARP table 01 - Display_time [ 10 ] - Time to re-display screes 02 - IpAdr [ off ] - Determie cliet IP addresses Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_

121 Viewig Statistics 9-3 Throughput Statistics (Throughput) The Throughput Statistics Display provides a detailed summary of the radio data packets passig through your uit. To access this display, select Statistics from the Mai Meu the select Throughput from the Statistics Meu. THROUGHPUT STATISTICS Cleared 19:11:52 ago Recet Average Highest Statistic Rate/s Total Rate/s Rate/s Radio Receive Packets Bytes Filter Error Radio Trasmit Packets Bytes Errors Bridge Receive Packets Bytes Filtered Errors Misses Bridge Trasmit Packets Bytes Errors Eter space to redisplay, C[lear stats], q[uit] : Recet Rate/s: Displays the evet rates, per secod, averaged over the last 10 secods. Total: Displays the umber of evets that have occurred sice the statistics were last cleared. Average Rate: Displays the average evet rates, per secod, sice the statistics were last cleared. Highest Rate: Displays the highest rate recorded sice the statistics were last cleared. Packets: Displays the umber of packets trasmitted or received. Bytes: Displays the total umber of data bytes i all the packets trasmitted or received. Filtered: Displays the umber of packets that were discarded as a result of a address filter beig setup.

122 9-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Errors: Displays the umber of errors that may have occurred. Eter space to redisplay, C[lear stats], q[quit]: To redisplay statistics, eter a space by pressig the space bar. To clear the statistics, press C (case sesitive). To exit the Statistics Meu, press q. Radio Error Statistics (Radio) The Radio Error Statistics Display provides a detailed summary of the radio receiver ad trasmitter errors that have occurred o the uit. To access this display, select Statistics from the Mai Meu the select Radio from the Statistics Meu. RADIO ERROR STATISTICS Cleared 19:23:22 ago Receive Trasmit Buffer full frames lost 0 Retries 45 Duplicate frames 0 Max retries / frame 7 +7 CRC errors 0 Excessive retries 0 Queue full discards 0 Eter space to redisplay, C[lear stats], q[uit]: Buffer Full Frames Lost: Number of frames lost due to a lack of buffer space i the uit. Duplicate Frames: Number of frames that were received more tha oce. This is usually due to a frame ackowledgmet beig lost. CRC Errors: Number of frames received with a ivalid CRC. Usually caused by iterferece from earby radio traffic. Occasioal CRC errors ca also occur due to radom oise whe the receiver is idle. Retries: A cumulative cout of the umber of times a frame had to be retrasmitted due to a ackowledgmet ot beig received. Max Retries / Frame: The maximum umber of times ay oe frame had to be retrasmitted. Excessive retries may idicate a poor quality radio lik. Queue Full Discards: Number of times a packet was ot trasmitted due to too may retries occurrig to the same destiatio. Discards will oly occur if packets destied to this address are takig up more tha their share of trasmit buffers.

123 Viewig Statistics 9-5 Error Statistics The Etheret Error Statistics Display provides a detailed summary of the receiver ad trasmitter errors that have occurred o the uit. To access this display, select Statistics from the Mai Meu the select Etheret from the Statistics Meu. Etheret Error Statistics ETHERNET ERROR STATISTICS Cleared 19:36:31 ago Receive Trasmit Buffer full frames lost 0 Excessive collisios 0 CRC errors 0 Deferrals 273 Collisios 2 +2 Excessive deferrals 0 Frame aligmet errors 0 No carrier sese preset 0 Over-legth frames 0 Carrier sese lost 0 Short frames 0 Out of widow collisios 0 Overrus 0 Uderrus 0 Misses 0 Bad legth 0 Eter space to redisplay, C[lear stats], q[uit] : Buffer Full Frames Lost: Number of frames lost due to a lack of receiver buffer space i the uit. CRC Errors: Number of frames received with a ivalid CRC. Collisios: Number of times a collisio occurred while the frame was beig received. This would idicate a hardware problem with a Etheret ode o the ifrastructure. Frame Aligmet Errors: Number of frames received whose size i bits was ot a multiple of 8. Occasioally, extra bits of data are iadvertetly attached to a trasmitted packet causig a frame aligmet error. Over-legth Frames: Number of frames received that are loger tha the cofigured maximum packet size. Short Frames: Number of frames received that are shorter tha the allowed miimum packet size of 64 bytes. Overrus: Number of times the hardware receive FIFO overflow. This should be a rare occurrece.

124 9-6 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Misses: The umber of Etheret packets that were lost due to a lack of buffer space o the uit. Excessive Collisios: Number of times trasmissios failed due to excessive collisios. Usually idicates the frame had to be cotiuously retried due to heavy traffic o the Etheret ifrastructure. Deferrals: Number of times frames had to wait before trasmittig due to activity o the cable. Excessive Deferrals: Number of times the frame failed to trasmit due to excessive deferrals. Usually idicates the frame had to be cotiuously retried due to heavy traffic o the Etheret ifrastructure. No Carrier Sese Preset: Number of times the carrier was ot preset whe a trasmissio was started. Usually idicates a problem with a cable o the Etheret ifrastructure. Carrier Sese Lost: Number of times the carrier was lost durig a trasmissio. Usually idicates a problem with a cable o the Etheret ifrastructure. Out of Widow Collisios: Number of times a collisio occurred after the 64th byte of a frame was trasmitted. Usually idicates a problem with a cable o the Etheret ifrastructure. Uderrus: Number of times the hardware trasmit FIFO became empty durig a trasmit. This should be a rare occurrece. Bad Legth: Number of times a attempt was made to trasmit a packet larger tha the specified maximum allowed.

125 Viewig Statistics 9-7 Displayig Overall Status (Status) This display shows the settigs of the most importat cofiguratio parameters of the Etheret uit as well as importat ru-time statistics. Use the display to see if aythig sigificat is cofigured icorrectly. The display is broke ito sectios describig: The radio Ay LAN coectios Ay filterig beig doe All items i the display are self-explaatory or are explaied i other sectios of this maual. Status Uptime: 130:48: Radio SID : 105 Bitrate : 1_2 Mb/s Radio : LM35 Root : o Patter : 21 Carrier: 0 Power : full Autoassoc : o Nodes : 1 associated Etheret Active : o Pkt/sec Rcv : 3 Xmt : Filters Multicast : forward (0 set) Protocols : off (0 set) Source : off (0 set) Eter space to redisplay, q[uit] :

126 9-8 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Display a Network Map (Map) This commad causes the bridge to poll all of the other bridges i the local ifrastructure for iformatio about the radio odes associated to them. Nodes that are associated to parets are displayed ideted oe level from their parets o the display. NETWORK MAP Device Node Id IP Address Ver Name BRE105E cd0e G BRE105E_22ff0a AP4500T d1e G hello there UC4500E G UC4500E_ LM a AP4500E b B AP4500E_11855b LM d Eter space to redisplay, q[uit]: The versio colum displays the firmware release level curretly ruig o the uit. Recordig a Statistic History (Watch) Use the watch optio to record the values of a chose Etheret statistic over time. Oce you select a statistic ad a time iterval, the uit will start a timer. At each timer expiratio, the uit will record the curret value of the statistic. The last 20 samples are saved. Í To Record a Statistic History: 1. Select the watch optio. 1. ra Radio 2. re Radio Error 3. et Etheret 4. ee Etheret Eter category, oe of [a umber from 1 to 4, a short form]:

127 Viewig Statistics Type the applicable category umber ad press ENTER. For example, if you choose Radio the followig iformatio would appear: Radio Receive Trasmit 1 rpa Packets 5 tpa Packets 2 rby Bytes 6 tby Bytes 3 rfi Filtered 7 ter Errors 4 rer Errors Eter oe of [a idex from 1 to 7, a short form]: 3. Type the applicable statistic idex umber ad press ENTER. Eter a sample time i secods from 1 to 3600 : 4. Type a time iterval betwee samples ad press ENTER. The loger the time you specify, the further back i time the samples will be saved (up to 20 samples).

128 9-10 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Displayig a Statistic History (History) Use the history optio to display the Etheret history of the statistic that is curretly beig recorded. Í To Display a Statistic History: 1. Select the history optio. Depedig o your watch optio selectios, a display scree similar to the oe below will appear. Radio Receive Packets **** ************************** ******* ***** ******* **************** ************** ************************* **** ****** ******** ******* ******************* ***************** ********************** ************* ******* ***** *** 0 55 ****** Time/Sec Rate/s Time (sec): Displays the umber of secods elapsed from the time the statistic sample was recorded. Rate/s: Displays the actual value of the statistic. The chart will chage scale based o the largest value displayed.

129 Viewig Statistics 9-11 Displayig Node Iformatio (Node) The ode commad displays curret Etheret iformatio about the cliet. Radio Node Statistics ID Address Sigal Tx Pkt Tx Byte Tx Retry Rx Pkt Rx Byte Rate e Eter space to redisplay, q[uit]: Address: Displays the address of the cliet. Sigal: Displays the sigal stregth of the cliet. Tx Pkt: Displays the umber of packets trasmitted from the cliet. Tx Byte: Displays the actual umber of bytes trasmitted from the cliet. Tx Retry: Displays the umber of trasmitted packets that were reset by the cliet. Rx Pkt: Displays the umber of packets the cliet has received. Rx Byte: Displays the actual umber of bytes received by the cliet. Displayig ARP Iformatio (ARP) The ARP commad displays the ARP table of IP address to MAC address. It also displays whether the ode supports Etheret Type II or IEEE framig. The last colum displays the time util the etry times out. INTERNET ADDRESS TABLE Iteret Address Network Address ETHII Time c0d9657f Yes 0:14: e0b1a Yes 0:14:57 Eter space to redisplay, q[uit] :

130 9-12 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Settig Scree Display Time (Display_Time) Use the display time optio to set the Etheret time iterval for the automatic redisplay of ay repeatig display. The default value is 10 secods. Determie Cliet IP Addresses (Ipadr) This fuctio ca be eabled to get the uit to determie the IP address of the cliet odes associated to it. The address are the display i the Map fuctio described above. If eabled the uit will watch traffic from the cliet associated to it ad record the source IP addresses foud.

131 Chapter 10 - Settig Up the Associatio Table 10 CHAPTER 10 Settig Up the Associatio Table This chapter describes the procedures for settig up the Associatio Table for the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Here s what you ll fid i this chapter: Overview Usig the Associatio Meu Displayig the Associatio Table Displayig the Associatio Table Summary Settig the Allowed Number of Child Nodes Cotrollig Associatios with Static Etries Backboe LAN Node Stale Out Time Specifyig How Node Addresses are Displayed

132 10-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Overview Cliet odes ad repeater bridges request to be associated with a paret bridge so the paret will forward data frames. This exchage of radio packets passes back ad forth iformatio such as a ode s address, device, associatio type, ad ASCII ame. This iformatio is etered ito the bridge s associatio table alog with the address of the paret bridge. Each bridge maitais etries i its table for all odes associated to it ad all odes associated to ay repeater servig it. There may be up to 2048 etries i the table. A bridge will accept a associatio from ay ode that requests it. The operator may set up etries i the associatio table to cotrol which odes are allowed to associate. Usig the iformatio i the associatio table, the bridge ca perform a variety of traffic-cotrol fuctios i movig packets to their proper destiatio o the ifrastructure. Whe packets are received from the Etheret or radio etwork, the bridge will look i its table for the packet s destiatio address ad do oe of the followig: If the etry shows the radio ode is associated to this uit, the packet ca be forwarded directly. If the etry idicates that the etry is associated to a repeater servig this uit, the packet is forwarded to the repeater. If the address is ot foud, a root uit will forward the packet to the wired LAN, while a repeater will forward the packet to its ow paret bridge.

133 Settig Up the Associatio Table 10-3 Usig the Associatio Meu The Associatio Meu cotais optios that allow you to view the table etries, add etries, ad cotrol the routig of packets o your radio etwork. To access this meu, select Associatio from the Mai Meu. Associatio Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Display - Display the table 2 - Summary - Display the table summary 3 - Maximum [ 1024 ] - Maximum allowable child odes 4 - Autoassoc [ o ] - Allow automatic table additios 5 - Add - Cotrol ode associatio 6 - Remove - Remove associatio cotrol 7 - Staletime [ 350 ] - Backboe LAN ode stale out time 8 - Niddisp [ umeric ] - Node Ids display mode Eter a optio umber or ame, "=" mai meu, <ESC> previous meu Displayig the Associatio Table (Display) Use the display optio to view the associatio table etries. Select display to eter the type of etries to be displayed. All: Displays all etries i the table. Coected: Displays oly odes that are actively coected to the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Heirachy: A special shorteed display which shows the associatio tree with childre ideted from their parets. Static: Displays oly odes for which a static etry has bee made to cotrol the odes associatio. Multicast-filters: Displays oly those etries for multicast addresses for which filters have bee added. See Chapter 11 Usig Filters. Node-filters: Displays oly those etries for ode address for which filters have bee added. See Chapter 11 Usig Filters.

134 10-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge The typical hierarchy display will resemble: RADIO HIERARCHY Device Address Name BRE105E cd0e BRE105E_22ff0a BRE105T d1e5 hello there UC4500E UC4500E_ BRE105E d602 BRE105E_22ff0a UC4500E b0 UC4500E_2068b0 LM a The rest of the displays will be similar to the oe below. RADIO NODES Address Device Type Paret Name Src cd0e BRE105E Me BRE105E_22ff0a Fwd d1e5 AP4500T Rep Local hello there N d602 AP4500E Rep Local AP4500E_11d602 Fwd a LM4500 Local Fwd b0 UC4500E d602 UC4500E_2068b0 Fwd UC4500E d1e5 UC4500E_ Fwd Eter space to redisplay, q[uit] : Address Colum: Displays the address (i ascedig umerical order) for each ode o the ifrastructure. A N before the address idicates that the ode is a static etry ad ot associated. A R before the address idicates that the ode is static ad associated. The letters N ad R oly appear beside static etries. Type Colum: Displays the ode associatio type. The followig types may appear i the table: Me: Represets this Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Psp: Idicates the ode that is usig the Power Savig Protocol (PSP) to commuicate with the system. Some radio odes, usually wireless cliet devices, oly power up part of the time to coserve eergy. Therefore the bridge must commuicate to these odes usig PSP. Prt: Idicates a repeater s paret ode. Rep: Idicates a repeater bridge.

135 Settig Up the Associatio Table 10-5 Paret Colum: Displays the ode ID of the paret to which the ode is associated. I place of a ode ID, the colum may display the followig: A blak etry: The ode is ot associated. Local: The ode is associated to this uit. Local block: The ode has bee blocked ad will ot be allowed to associate with the local system directly. Name Colum: Displays the ode ame. Rdst, Src: Displays the type of multicast filter actio that has bee set for Radio (RDst) ad Source (Src) packets. A blak meas that the actio is forward. See Chapter 11 Usig Filters. Displayig the Associatio Table Summary (Summary) Use the summary optio to view a summary of the umber of odes associated to your uit. Whe you select the summary optio, the Associatio Table Summary Display appears: ASSOCIATION TABLE SUMMARY No-Psp Psp Repeaters Direct associatios : Idirect associatios : Direct Associatios: Number of No-PSP, PSP, or repeater odes associated to this bridge. Idirect Associatios: Number of No-PSP, PSP, or repeater odes associated to the Airoet 340 Series Bridge below the curret bridge, o the radio etwork tree. Settig the Allowed Number of Child Nodes (Maximum) This commad determies the maximum umber of allowed child odes that ca be associated to the Airoet 340 Series Bridge.

136 10-6 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Cotrollig Associatios With Static Etries (Autoassoc/Add/Remove) Use the auto-associatio parameter ad the static associatio table etries to cotrol associatios. I its default cofiguratio, the bridge will allow ay radio ode i rage to associate to it. For a more secure istallatio you must add static etries to the associatio table for these odes. This allows cotrol over which radio odes are allowed to associate with which bridge. If auto-associatio is O, ay radio ode will be allowed to associate. If the parameter is Off, oly odes whose address matches a static table etry will be allowed to associate. Static table etries are associatio table etries added maually by the operator ad saved i the cofiguratio memory. To add a etry, use Add o the Associatio Meu. Add supplies the address of the ode that is to be cotrolled.

137 Settig Up the Associatio Table 10-7 For example, suppose there is a bridge o your accoutig LAN ad three ed odes (A, B, ad C) withi radio rage of the bridge. Oly Ed Node A should be allowed access to the LAN. 1. Disable auto-associatio. 2. Add Ed Node A as a static etry. Ed Node A is allowed to associate to the root uit. 3. Ed Nodes B ad C are ot allowed to associate. Figure Example of Usig Static Etry to Restrict Associatio Wired LAN Root Uit Ed Node A Ed Node C Ed Node B As aother example, suppose you oly wated to block Ed Node C ad did ot care about ay other odes. I this case you would leave autoassociatio O ad add a static etry for Ed Node C to block it.

138 10-8 Airoet 340 Series Bridge If you are goig to use static etries to cotrol associatios, the the associatio add all commad is a quick way to set up the table. 1. Leave auto-associatio O ad let the odes automatically associate to the bridge. 2. Oce they have associated, select Add from the Associatio Meu ad type All. All etries curretly i the table are ow made static. 3. Tur off auto-associatio. You ca ow remove extra etries or add missig etries maually. Backboe LAN Node Stale Out Time (Staletime) Whe a etry is added to the associatio table for a wired LAN ode, a timer is started for the umber of secods specified by the value of this optio. Each time a packet is received cotaiig the same source address, the timer is restarted. Specifyig How Node Addresses are Displayed (NIDdisp) Use the NIDdisp optio to specify how the ode addresses are displayed o the Associatio Display Scree. The Airoet 340 Series Bridge has the ability to display ode addresses as follows: If you specify umeric, the addresses are displayed etirely i umeric form (default). If you specify ame, the Orgaizatioal Uique Idetifier (OUI) portio of the address (the first three bytes) is examied to see if it is oe of the kow types. If it is i the list, the first three bytes will be replaced by the ame of the compay that ows the OUI. Otherwise the umeric value is displayed. For example, the address of a SUN workstatio could be displayed as either ladecc or Su-ladecc.

139 Chapter 11 - Usig Filters 11 CHAPTER 11 Usig Filters This chapter describes how to cotrol the forwardig of multicast messages. Here s what you ll fid i this chapter: Overview Usig the Filter Meu Filterig Multicast Addresses Filterig Node Addresses Filterig Protocols

140 11-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Overview If your Airoet 340 Series Bridge is coected to a ifrastructure with a large amout of multi-protocol traffic, you may be able to reduce the amout of radio traffic by blockig out (filterig) those addresses or protocols that are ot eeded. This filterig is especially importat for battery operated radio odes which might otherwise have to waste cosiderable battery power receivig multicast messages which are ot relevat ad will oly be discarded. Usig the Filter Meu The Filter Meu is used to cotrol the forwardig of data packets. To access this meu, select Filter from the Mai Meu. Filter Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Multicast [ meu ] - Multicast address filterig 2 - Node [ meu ] - Node address filterig 3 - Protocols [ meu ] - Protocol filters 4 - Directio [ both ] - Packet directio affected by filters Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ NOTE: I order to achieve cosistet performace o your ifrastructure, ay cofiguratios that you set i the Filter Meu should be duplicated o all Airoet 340 Series Bridges. This maitais cosistecy as odes roam. Packet Directio (Directio) Use the directio optios to cotrol the directio a packet is travelig before affected by the filters. To_radio: Oly packets from the LAN will have filters applied. Packets from the radio will ot be filtered. This optios reduces the amout of LAN traffic to the radio etwork.

141 Usig Filters 11-3 Both: Packets i both directios will be filtered. This optio allows cotrol of the type of traffic the radio odes may use. Filterig Multicast Addresses (Multicast) The multicast meu allows you to cotrol the filterig of multicasts based o the actual multicast address. Whe you select the Multicast optio the Filter Multicast Meu appears. Filter Multicast Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Default [ forward ]- Default multicast actio 2 - Show - Display the multicast filters 3 - Add - Add a multicast address filter 4 - Remove - Remove a multicast address filter 5 - Radio_mcst[ everywhere ]- Where to forward multicasts from radio Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ Settig the Default Actio (Default) The default optio cotrols the filterig of multicasts whose address is ot i the table. You may pick oe of the followig actios: Discard: Multicasts with o table etries will ot be forwarded out the radio etwork. Forward: Multicasts with o table etries will be forwarded out the radio etwork. Accesspt: Multicasts with o table etry will oly be forwarded to other access poits ad bridges, ot to the cliet odes. Nopsp: Multicasts with o table etries will be forwarded out the radio etwork to o-power savig ed odes, ot to ay odes usig the PSP. Displayig The Filters (Show) Use the show optio to display the multicast filters. Whe you select the show optio the Multicast Filters scree appears.

142 11-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge The filters are stored i the associatio table. The display of the multicast filters follows the format of the ormal associatio display. At the ed of each lie the filter actio for each address will be displayed. This same display may also be produced with the associatio display commad with either the all or multicast-filters iformatio. See Chapter 10 Settig Up the Associatio Table. MULTICAST FILTERS Address Device Type Paret Name N Mcst forward Addig A Multicast Filter (Add) Use the add optio to add a multicast filter if there are special multicast addresses you wat to filter differetly tha the default. You will first be prompted for the address ad the for a actio to be applied to this address oly. Removig a Filter (Remove) Use the remove optio to remove oe or all of the o-default filters. The actio for the removed etries will revert to the default actio. Filterig Radio Multicasts (Radio_Mcast) If you kow that the radio odes are ot goig to commuicate with each other, but will oly commuicate with odes o the wired LAN, set this parameter to la_oly. With this settig multicasts received from the radio odes are ot re-broadcast to the radio cell but are forwarded to the wired LAN. For example, if you have a system with a large umber of radio cliets which oly talk to the etwork server, eablig multicast filterig will result i much less radio traffic cogestio. If the parameter is left at the default settig of everywhere, the radio odes may broadcast to each other.

143 Usig Filters 11-5 Filterig Node Addresses (Node) The ode optio allows you to cotrol the forwardig of packets based o the source ode addresses. As with multicast filterig, there is a default actio for those addresses ot i the table. You may eter actios for specific addresses to override the default actio. Specific ode filters may be etered by specifyig either the 6 byte ifrastructure address of the ode or by specifyig its IP address. If the IP address is used, the Airoet 340 Series Bridge will determie the ifrastructure address associated with the IP address ad use this for the actual filterig. You may filter packets based o the source address i the received packet. For example, if you wated to prevet all but a limited umber of hosts to commuicate with odes o the radio etwork, you would set the default actio to discard. The add etries for the specific hosts whose actio is forward. Filter Node Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Ethdst [ forward ] - Destiatio address from etheret 2 - Raddst [ forward ] - Destiatio address from radio 3 - Source [ off ] - Source addresses 4 - Display - Display the ode address filters 5 - Ipdisplay - Display the IP address filters 6 - Add - Add a ode address filter 7 - Remove - Remove a ode address filter Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ Settig the Destiatio Address (Ethdst ad Raddst) The uit is always performig filterig based o the destiatio MAC address of the packets it receives. The Bridge will lear where a ode is based o the source address of received packets ad the ca make a decisio as to whether to forward a packet based o its kowledge of the locatio of the ode. These optios set the default actios whe doig destiatio address filterig. The Ethdst value specifies the default actio for packets received o the etheret. The Raddst actio specifies the default actio for packet received o the radio iterface. The value allowed are discard or forward.

144 11-6 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Settig the Default (Source) Source address filterig is Off by default. This saves processig power sice the uit has to look up the source address of each icomig packet to see if a filter is to be applied. Before ay idividual source filters ca be made active, oe of the other values for the default must be chose. You may set the actio to off, forward or discard. Settig Specific Node Address Filters (Add/Remove) Use the add optio to add filters for specific addresses to the filter table. You will be prompted for the ifrastructure address or IP address of the ode to which the filter applies. You are the asked whether this is a source address, radio destiatio address or etheret destiatio address filter. Fially you are be asked for the filter actio to be applied to this address which may be off (for remove the filter), forward or discard. To remove oe or all specific ode filters use the remove optio. You may eter either the keyword all, a sigle odes ifrastructure address, or a sigle ode s IP address. Oce removed, the filter actio for the removed addresses will revert to the default value. Displayig The Node Address Filters (Display) Use the display optio to view the table of cotrolled addresses. The filters are stored i the associatio table so that they may be accessed quickly. The display of the filters follows the format of the ormal associatio display. At the ed of each lie the filter actio for each address will be displayed. This same display may also be produced usig the associatio display commad with either the all or multicast-filters iformatio. See Chapter 10 Settig Up the Associatio Table. NODE FILTERS Address Device Type Paret Name Src N Ukw Fwd Eter space to redisplay, q[uit]:

145 Usig Filters 11-7 Displayig the IP to Network Address Table (IPdisplay) Whe a ode address filter is etered by IP address, the Airoet 340 Series Bridge first determies the ifrastructure address associated with this IP address. The actual filterig is doe based o the ifrastructure address. IP ADDRESS FILTERS IP Address MAC Address Src Fwd Eter space to redisplay, q[uit]: Filterig Protocols (Protocols) Protocol filterig bases the filterig decisio o the type of protocol used to ecapsulate the data i the packet. This type of filterig ca have the most value i almost all situatios ad is the preferred method of filterig. With this type of filterig you may set the Airoet 340 Series Bridge to oly forward those protocols, over the radio, that are beig used by the remote radio odes. Selectig protocols is easier tha settig up filters based o addresses. The Airoet 340 Series Bridge may be set up to moitor ad record the list of protocols curretly beig forwarded over the radio. It will record the protocols foud, how may packets were ecoutered ad whether the packet came from the LAN or the radio. To set up the protocol filters, start the moitor ad let it ru for a while uder ormal use. Add filters by selectig the protocols from the moitor list. There is a default actio for those protocols ot i the list of explicitly filtered protocols. If you kow exactly which protocols are goig to be used by the radio odes, set the default actio to discard ad add filters to forward oly those protocols that will be used. If you are ot sure of all the protocols that will be used but you kow that there are certai protocols you will ot use, you would set the default to forward ad add filters to discard oly those protocols you will ot use. For filterig purposes the bridge assumes that the data portio of the packets is i oe of two forms:

146 11-8 Airoet 340 Series Bridge The first 16 bits of the data portio cotais a value that is greater tha the maximum data size (1518). The value is assumed to be a protocol idetifier that may be used to determie which protocol is beig used withi the packet. The first 16 bits of the data portio cotais a value that is less tha the maximum data size. The value is iterpreted as a frame legth ad it is assumed that a IEEE Logical Lik Cotrol (LLC) header follows the legth. The format of the LLC header is as follows: DSAP, 8 bits, Destiatio Service Access Poit (DSAP) SSAP, 8 bits, Source Service Access Poit (SSAP) CTL, 8 bits, Cotrol field If the cotrol field has a value 3 (for a u-umbered iformatio frame), the this header may be followed by: OUI, 24 bits, Orgaizatio Uique Idetifier (OUI) SAP-PROT, 16 bits, Protocol Idetifier You may set up filters based o either a protocol idetifier or a DSAP/ SSAP combiatio. If the filter is based o SAPs ad the cotrol field has a value of 3, the packet may also be optioally filtered based o the OUI ad LLC protocol fields. Both types of filters may also use a variable legth bit mask of the packet cotets to further specify which packets should be filtered. Filter Protocols Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Default [ off ] - Default actio 2 - Display - Display the protocol filters 3 - Add - Add a protocol filter 4 - Remove - Remove a protocol filter 5 - Legth [ 22 ] - Legth of packet data to log 6 - Moitor [ off ] - Protocol moitorig eabled 7 - Show - Show forwarded protocol list 8 - Clear - Clear forwarded protocol list Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_

147 Usig Filters 11-9 Settig the Default Actio (Default) The default actio is used for a packet whose protocol does ot match ay etry foud i the table. It may be set to: Off: Protocol filterig is ot doe. It is a waste of processig power for the uit to examie each packet for its protocol oly to discover o protocols eed moitorig. Discard: The packet will ot be forwarded out the radio etwork. Forward: The packet will be forwarded out the radio etwork. Accesspt: The packet will oly be forwarded to other bridges ad ot to the cliet odes. Nopsp: The packet will be forwarded out the radio etwork to opower savig ed odes ad ot to ay odes usig PSP. Displayig the Filters (Display) Use the display optio to view the list of protocol filters you have added. PROTOCOL FILTERS LLC Masks Name Actio Protocol SAPs OUI Protocol ovell discard ovell discard aaaa Ethertalk discard aaaa b 4. IPX-RIP discard ffff , 0 Eter space to redisplay, q[uit]: Name: The ame assiged to the protocol. Actio: The actio that has bee assiged for each protocol. Protocol ad LLC: The protocol header. Masks: A bit mask applied to the packet that must match the packet cotets before the protocol is idetified. The mask is displayed i the followig form: 18- (start positio), 0453 (value), 0 (do t care mask)

148 11-10 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Addig A Filter (Add) Use the add optio to add a protocol filter ad specify the type of actio required. There are several ways to add a filter: Predefied filter Maually add all the data Use a etry from the moitor table built by the uit ÍTo Add a Predefied Filter 1. Select the add optio. 2. Select oe of the predefied strigs: iet, ovell, or etbios. The iet filter adds filters for both the IP ad ARP protocols. The ovell filter adds filters for all the types of allowed ovell protocol headers. 3. You will the be prompted for the actio to take whe the protocol is ecoutered. Eter oe of the actios described uder the default settig above, with the exceptio of Off. The followig display shows the results if all predefied filters were added LLC Name Actio Protocol SAPs OUI Protocol ovell discard ovell discard aaaa ovell discard ffff 4. ovell discard e0e0 5. iet forward iet forward aaaa iet forward iet forward aaaa etbios forward f0f0

149 Usig Filters Í To Add a Filter Usig the Moitor If protocol moitorig has bee eabled, oce you select the add commad, the curret moitor table will be displayed. To select a moitored protocol: 1. Eter the umber displayed at the start of each lie of the moitor display. 2. If the moitored protocol was u-recogized ad was ot give a ame, you will be prompted to assig a ame. 3. You will be prompted for the actio to take whe the protocol is ecoutered. Eter oe of the actios described uder the default settig above, with the exceptio of Off. ÍTo Add a Filter Maually: To start addig a filter maually: 1. Eter the add commad ad give the filter a ame that does ot start with a umber ad does ot match oe of the pre-defied ames. 2. You will be prompted for the actio to take whe the protocol is ecoutered. Eter oe of the actios described uder the default settig. You may also eter the value log, which if chose, the packet is ot filtered, ad the cotets of the data portio of the packet are displayed i a iformatio log. See Legth of Data Displayed i Log Actio (Legth). If you choose the actio high_priority the packets that match the filter will be placed o a special queue ad will be trasmitted before lower priority packets. 3. Choose whether the protocol is defied by a Etheret protocol idetifier or by a LLC header. If you type protocol : a. The followig prompt appears: Eter a value i hex from 200h to ffffh : b. Type the value for the protocol idetifier to be filtered ad press ENTER. Eter oe of [a mask start positio, oe] :

150 11-12 Airoet 340 Series Bridge This allows you to specify a bit mask ad correspodig hexadecimal value to be applied to the packet. These two values must match the packet cotets before the protocol is idetified. You must first specify a mask start positio i the packet ad match the mask value. The mask start positio value should be a 0-based byte offset from the start of the data portio of the frame (after the MAC layer header). If you set the positio to oe, o mask is tested. c. Type a mask start positio value (or oe, if applicable) ad press ENTER. Eter a hex value of 1 to 30 characters : d. Type the value to be matched as a strig of up to 30 hexadecimal digits ad press ENTER. If the umbered digits is odd, the mask value will be adjusted to igore the low 4 bits of the correspodig byte. Eter a hex do t care mask of 1 to 6 characters : This allows you to eter a strig of hexadecimal digits to idicate which bits of the packet data are meaigful. A bit set i this value causes the correspodig bit i the packet to be igored. Therefore, a 0 mask meas that the packet cotets must exactly match the previous value etered. If the mask etered is shorter tha the value etered it is automatically exteded to the correct legth with zeros. e. Type the applicable hexadecimal digits ad press ENTER. For example, to eter a mask that matches the value 4128H i the 16th byte data portio of the packet ad have the high bit of each byte igored, complete as follows: Eter oe of [a mask start positio, oe] : 15 Eter a hex value of 1 to 30 characters : 4128 Eter a hex do t care mask of 1 to 4 characters : 8080

151 Usig Filters If you type llc: a. Whe you select llc, the followig prompt appears: Eter a value i hex of ffffh or less : b. Type a 16 bit value for the DSAP/SSAP combiatio (with the DSAP beig i the high 8 bits) ad press ENTER. Eter oe of [a OUI value i hex of ffffffh or less, ay] : This is used to specify a OUI value to further refie the protocol idetificatio. If you eter a OUI value i hex of ffffffh or less, it must match the protocol field i additio to the SAP value. If you eter ay, the protocol values are ot checked ad the protocol is defied oly by the SAP values. c. Type the applicable OUI value or ay ad press ENTER. If you typed a OUI value, the followig appears: Eter oe of [a LLC protocol value i hex of ffffh or less, ay] : This is used to specify a LLC protocol idetifier. If you eter a LLC protocol value i hex of ffffh or less, it must match the protocol field i additio to the SAP ad OUI values. If you eter ay, the protocol values are ot checked ad the protocol is defied oly by the SAP ad OUI values. d. Type the applicable LLC protocol value or ay ad press ENTER. e. You will be prompted for a mask descriptio as described i the protocol sectio above.

152 11-14 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Addig IP protocol Sub-Filters Oce you have added a filter for the IP protocol you may also filter packets based o their UDP or TCP port umber, their IP sub-protocol (i.e., UDP/TCP/ICMP) or based o a IP address rage. To filter based o a IP sub- protocol use add ip_subprotocol. You are the prompted as to whether you wat to filter tcp or udp or aother protocol based o its ID umber. Fially you are prompted for a filter actio as i the other maual filters. To filter based o port umber use add ip_port. You are prompted as to whether you wat to filter a TCP or UDP source or destiatio port. You are the prompted for the port umber ad the actio associated with it. To filter based o a IP address rage use add ip_address. You are prompted as to whether you wat to filter a source or destiatio address ad the for a IP address ad address mask ad a filter actio. The filter matches if the value of both the packet address ad the filter address ANDED with the filter mask are equal. Removig a Etry (Remove) Use the remove optio to remove a protocol filter etry. You may either remove all filters by eterig the keyword all or a sigle etry by eterig the umber assiged to the filter ad show at the start of the lie i the filter display. Legth of Data Displayed i Log Actio (Legth) Use the legth optio to display the cotets of packets beig forwarded to the radio. Use this optio to setup the filter mask values to properly arrow dow which packets are filtered. If you add a protocol filter whose actio is log, each time the filter matches, the cotets of the data portio of the packet (after the MAC header) will be displayed o the cosole (i hexadecimal) for a legth i bytes determied by the value of this optio.

153 Usig Filters The cotets of the data portio displayed i the iformatio log will cosist of: p Id umber of the filter show o the Protocol Filters scree Bytes of the packet displayed i hexadecimal More tha oe protocol at a time ca be set with a filter actio of Log. The followig is a example of a protocol filter log etry: p2: 01 e0 ff ff 01 eo ff ff ff ff ff ff Protocol Moitorig (Moitor/ Show/ Clear) The Airoet 340 Series Bridge allows you to create ad display a list of the protocols curretly beig forwarded by the uit. This allows you to test if packets that cotai data for uused protocols are beig forwarded to the radio odes. Oce eabled by the moitor optio, the Airoet 340 Series Bridge will the begi to examie the protocol used i each packet forwarded. If the protocol is ot already i the list, a etry is created. Otherwise, the packet cout for the give protocol is icremeted. The show optio will display the list of curretly forwarded protocols. PROTOCOLS FOUND LLC Name Source Cout Protocol SAPs OUI Protocol IP RadLa ARP RadLa NetBIOS La 39 f0f0 4. ARP RadLa 63 aaaa DEC MOP La Eter space to redisplay, C[lear stats], q[uit] : Name: If the protocol is recogized, it will be give a ame. Otherwise, the ame field is left blak.

154 11-16 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Source: This will cotai the strig Rad if a packet was received from the radio ad La if a packet was received from the wired LAN. Cout: Displays the umber of times a packet with the give protocol was ecoutered. Protocol ad LLC: The protocol header foud. You may clear the list of foud protocols either with the clear commad or by eterig a C (case sesitive) at the re-display prompt of the show commad.

155 Chapter 12 - Settig Up Evet Logs 12 CHAPTER 12 Settig Up Evet Logs This chapter describes how to use the Logs Meu to set up ad view evet logs o the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Here s what you ll fid i this chapter: Overview Log Descriptios Usig the Logs Meu Viewig History Logs Clearig the History Buffer Specifyig the Type of Logs to Prit/Save/Light Status LED Settig Statistic Parameters Forwardig Logs to a Uix System

156 12-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Overview The Airoet 340 Series Bridge produces logs that record the occurrece of sigificat evets occurrig withi your uit ad o the ifrastructure. The type of evets that are recorded as logs are: Iformatio Logs: Records status chages that occur i the ormal operatio of the system. For example, whe a ed ode associates to a Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Error Logs: Records errors that occur occasioally, but are easily recovered from by the uit. For example, errors that occur durig the receptio ad trasmissio of packets to ad from the uit. Severe Error Logs: Records errors which drastically affect the operatio of the system. The system will cotiue to ru, but actio is required to retur the uit to ormal operatig stadards. Iformatio Logs BOOTP/DHCP set ew IP address The BOOTP/DHCP server aswered the request ad assiged the uit a IP address differet tha the cofigured value. Node ode address device ame added A o-volatile etry was added to the associatio table. Node ode address device ame added locally ASCII ame A ew ode associated with the local uit. Node ode address device ame restarted ASCII ame A ode that is curretly associated to the local uit was reset. Node ode address device ame ASCII ame removed, max radio retries A ode was removed from the table because a respose was ot received from the ode after attempts were made to trasmit a packet to it. The ode may have failed or moved to aother cell.

157 Settig Up Evet Logs 12-3 Node ode address device ame ASCII ame removed, staled out A ode was removed from the table because data was ot received from the ode withi the stale-out period. Differet devices have differet stale-out times. PSP odes have very short stale-out times (aroud 10 secods). No-PSP odes have loger times (usually several miutes). Node ode address device ame ASCII ame removed, NV removed A ode was removed from the associatio table because the operator used the associatio remove commad. Node ode address device ame ASCII ame removed, deassoc otice from address The ode was removed from the associatio table because aother bridge reported that it ow has the ode associated locally. This log is produced wheever a ode hadoff occurs. RARP set ew IP address A RARP server aswered a request for a IP address with a address differet from the oe curretly saved. The curretly saved value is overwritte. Associated to router ode address This log is produced whe the uit, cofigured as a repeater, associates to its paret ode. SNMP: commad text A SNMP maagemet ode set the uit a set variable request which was successfully executed. The commad text is a similar meu commad that has the same effect as the SNMP request. SNMP access failure from commuity ame IP address (ode address) A SNMP maagemet ode attempted to access the SNMP aget with a ivalid commuity ame or a ame that it was ot allowed to use.

158 12-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge STP: Listeig for other Bridges The spaig tree protocol is listeig o the backboe port to look for other bridges i the ifrastructure. STP: Learig Addresses The spaig tree protocol is listeig o the backboe port. It adds ay addresses it sees ito the Associatio Table before it starts forwardig packets i order to avoid floodig packets uecessarily. STP: Forwardig Data The spaig tree protocol has allowed the backboe port to forward data packets to the radio etwork. STP: Port Blocked The spaig tree protocol has determied that the backboe port must be automatically disabled to prevet a loop i the ifrastructure. STP Port ode address receives hello timeout The uit whose address is give i the log, has lost cotact with the desigated bridge o its LAN. It will begi to arbitrate with other bridges o the LAN to see who will take over. STP: Topology Chaged Somewhere o the ifrastructure a ew port has bee eabled or disabled. Because of these possible chages to the spaig tree, the bridge will begi usig a short staleout time for backboe odes i case the locatio of odes chages. TFTP is loadig file ame from ip address This log is produced whe the BOOTP server gives the Airoet 340 Series Bridge the ame of a cofiguratio file ad the the ame of a firmware file to load.

159 Settig Up Evet Logs 12-5 Error Logs Category Error: type errors This log is produced whe ay error occurs that is marked by a asterisk * after its cout i the statistics displays. These errors are serious eough to affect the operatio of the uit. See the sectios o each display for a explaatio of each error. Node ode address device ame ascii ame removed These logs are similar to the iformatio logs except that the ode removed is a bridge. Sice these odes do ot ormally roam, it may be a idicatio that cotact with a child repeater is lost. Assoctable is full The associatio table is completely full. To troubleshoot, try to force some radio odes to associate to other bridges o the LAN usig the specified router field i their associatio table. Uable to locate IP address ip address The uit was tryig to sed a packet to a IP address without kowig the hardware ode ID. Whe this occurs, the uit will use the ARP protocol to try to determie the proper address. This log is produced if there was o aswer to the ARP request. Usually the uit is tryig to fid the destiatio for the SNMP traps. Severe Error Logs Etheret cablig problem If o traffic has bee set or received o the Etheret cable i the last 10 secods, the uit will sed a packet to itself to test the coectio. If the trasmissio succeeds, the timer is reset. If it fails, this log is produced ad traffic for the coectio will be discarded util the test succeeds.

160 12-6 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Cofiguratio is too large to save The umber of commads i the cofiguratio is too large for the available o-volatile memory. This may be caused by too may o-volatile etries i the associatio table. Could ot program the flash memory A error occurred whe tryig to program a ew versio of the firmware ito flash memory. The uit must be serviced. EEPROM o radio is ivalid The radio istalled i each uit cotais a EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-oly Memory) chip, idetifyig the type of radio istalled. The cotets of the EEPROM were foud to be ivalid. Have the uit serviced. (Bad EEPROM) Lost our associatio, max radio retries The uit, cofigured as a repeater, lost commuicatios with its paret ode after tryig to sed a packet the maximum umber of times. The uit will try to re-associate. The problem may be a paret bridge failure. All local associatios will be dropped. Lost our associatio, max radio aks The uit, cofigured as a repeater, lost commuicatios with its paret ode after tryig to sed a packet the maximum umber of times. Each time the uit set a packet, it received a respose idicatig that the paret s receive buffers were full. The uit will try to re-associate. The likely cause is that the paret is hadlig too much traffic. All local associatios will be dropped. Lost our associatio, radio restarted A radio cofiguratio parameter has bee chaged. All associatios will be dropped ad the radio will be restarted. Lost our associatio, chaged repeater mode A uit has chaged from a root to a repeater or vice versa. If the uit is ow a root uit, it will wait for odes to associate to it. If the uit is ow a repeater, it will attempt to associate to a paret.

161 Settig Up Evet Logs 12-7 Lost our associatio, ew specified router The specified router parameter of this repeater has bee chaged. The uit will drop its curret associatio ad try to re-associate. Lost our associatio, NAK from router The uit respods as though it was associated to its paret, however, the paret does ot have the associatio. The uit will attempt to re-associate. The paret may have bee rebooted. No respose to radio loopback test The "cofig radio exteded test" commad was set o ad o bridge i rage respoded to the loopback test. If you kow there are uits i rage, the either the local radio has failed, or if there is oly oe remote i rage, the the remote uit s radio may have failed. Radio Cofiguratio Error The Airoet 340 Series Bridge could ot program the radio hardware to operate at the correct frequecy ad bit rate. Have the uit serviced. Radio loopback test succeeded After havig failed, the radio loopback test heard a respose from a remote. The address PROM is ivalid Each uit cotais a Programmable Read-Oly Memory (PROM) chip that cotais the uit s hardware address. Durig power up, the uit was ot able to read a valid address from the PROM. The uit must be serviced.

162 12-8 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Usig the Logs Meu The evet logs are viewed usig the Logs Meu. To access this meu, select Logs from the Mai Meu. Logs Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - History - Log ad alarm history 2 - Clear - Clear the history buffer 3 - Pritlevel [ all ] - Type of logs to prit 4 - Loglevel[ all ] - Type of logs to save 5 - Ledlevel [ error/severe ] - Type of logs to light status led 6 - Statistics - Set alarms o statistics 7 - Network [ off ] - Log etwork roamig 8 - Bodelog[ off ] - Log backboe ode chages 9 - Smp [ meu ] - Set-up SNMP traps 01 - Syslog [ ] - Uix syslogd address 02 - Syslevel [ error/severe ] - Type of logs to sed to syslog 03 - Facility [ 16 ] - Syslog facility umber to sed 04 - Rcvsyslog [ o ] - Eable receptio of syslog messages Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ Viewig History Logs (History) Use the history optio to view history logs of evets that have occurred o the uit ad the ifrastructure. All logs are stored withi the uit i a 10KB memory buffer. The actual umber of evet logs the uit saves will deped o the size of each log stored i the buffer. Log etries are always displayed i a least recet to most recet order. If the memory buffer becomes full, the oldest log i the buffer will be replaced by the most recet. Oly logs that have occurred sice the uit was last powered up or sice the memory buffer was cleared will be saved. See Clearig the History Buffer (Clear).

163 Settig Up Evet Logs 12-9 NOTE: If a power failure occurs, the logs cotaied i the memory will ot be saved. The display will be similar to the followig: OLDEST 0:00:00 I Node e30 BRE105E Floor_2_109e30 added locally 0:00:03 I Node de AP3500-T F3_1064de added for e30 30:35:09 NEWEST, cleared at 0:00:00 b[ackward], f[orward], [ewest], o[ldest], a[ll], C[lear], q[uit] : First Lie: OLDEST idicates the ed of the buffer display. This will appear at the ed of the history log. Display Lies: Displays the time sice power-up that the log occurred, the severity level (I-iformatio, E-error, or S-severe) ad the actual log text. Last Lie: Idicates the curret time ad the time the buffer was last cleared by the operator. NEWEST idicates the start of the history log. Optio Lie: Idicates the movemet keys to use whe viewig the history logs. Sice displayig the etire history will take more tha a scree page, use the followig keys to avigate through the history log: b: Back oe page i the log f: Forward oe page i the log : Moves to the ewest log etry o: Moves to the oldest log etry q: Exit the History Log scree a: Dump etire log (usually captured to a file o a PC) Clearig the History Buffer (Clear) Use the clear optio to delete all logs from the history buffer.

164 12-10 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Specifyig the Type of Logs to Prit (Pritlevel) Use the pritlevel optio to specify the type of evet logs to appear o the Cosole scree. You will kow immediately whe a error or iformatio evet has occurred ad the take the ecessary actio required. There are four levels of loggig: Error/Severe: Displays all error ad severe logs. Severe: Displays severe error logs oly. All: Displays all error, severe ad iformatio logs. Off: No evet logs will be displayed. Specifyig the Type of Logs to Save (Loglevel) Use the loglevel optio to specify the type of logs you wat to save to memory ad view o the History Log scree. There are four levels of loggig: Error/Severe: Displays all error ad severe logs. Severe: Displays severe error logs oly. All: Displays all error, severe ad iformatio logs. Off: No evet logs will be displayed. See Specifyig the Type of Logs to Prit (Pritlevel). Specifyig the Type of Logs to Light Status Idicator (Ledlevel) Use the ledlevel optio to have the idicator status light tur amber whe a specific type of error log occurs. There are four levels of loggig: Error/Severe: Displays all error ad severe logs. Severe: Displays severe error logs oly. All: Displays all error, severe ad iformatio logs. Off: No evet logs will be displayed. See Specifyig the Type of Logs to Prit (Pritlevel).

165 Settig Up Evet Logs Settig Statistic Parameters (Statistics) This commad allows you to cotrol how alarms are geerated based o ay of the available statistics kept by the bridge. Logs may be: Í Disabled for statistics Geerated if the statistic chages at all Geerated if the statistic chages at a greater tha specified rate To Set Statistic Parameters: 1. Select statistics. Type a umber or the short form. 1. ra Radio 2. re Radio error Eter oe of [a umber from 1 to 2, a short form]: 2. You will be prompted for the statistics category. Eter the umber or the short form. The short form is used to store the commad i the cofiguratio. Radio Receive Trasmit 1 rpa Packets 5 tpa Packets 2 rby Bytes 6 tby Bytes 3 rfi Filtered 7 ter Errors 4 rer Errors Eter oe of [a umber from 1 to 7, a short form]: 3. Type a category umber or the short form ad press ENTER. 4. Choose the particular statistics that you wish to chage. If ay of the statistics already have a alarm associated, the curret settig is displayed after the ame. Eter a actio, oe of [off, ay, rate]:

166 12-12 Airoet 340 Series Bridge 5. Eter a actio. Off: Turs off ay alarms based o the statistics value. Ay: A alarm will be geerated if the statistics chage value. Rate: Prompts for a rate per secod chage. If the statistic value chages faster tha this rate, a alarm is produced. Log Network Roamig (Network) Normally the bridges oly log chages i locatio for radio cliet that move to or from this uit. If the etwork optio is eabled, log will be produced whe the uit lears of ay chages to radio odes i ay of the bridges ay access poits i the etwork. Loggig Backboe Node chages (BodeLog) Normally the bridge oly log chages the state or locatio of its ow radio odes. If you eable this item it will produce a log wheever a backboe ode is discovered or its table etry stales out. Settig up SNMP traps (Smp) The bridge may be set up to geerate SNMP traps ad sed them to a etwork maagemet statio. Logs Smp Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Trapdest [ oe ] - IP destiatio for SNMP traps 2 - Trapcomm [ "public" ] - Commuity for SNMP traps 3 - Loglevel [ severe ] - Type of logs to cause a trap 4 - Authtrap [ off ] - Eable autheticatio failure trap Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ Use the trapdest optio to geerate SNMP trap messages to a particular NMS wheever a sigificat evet occurs. If SNMP is eabled ad the trapdest optio is cofigured with a valid IP address, the the system will geerate SNMP trap messages. If the trapdest optio is set to oe, the traps will ot be set. Settig the trapdest parameter to address is the same as disablig trap geeratio by usig oe.

167 Settig Up Evet Logs The followig trap messages will be set as they occur: A cold start trap will be set whe the uit first powers up. A lik up trap is set whe the cofiguratio is chaged or restored for a severe error coditio. A lik dow trap is set whe the cofiguratio is chaged or ecouters a severe error coditio. A lik up trap is set for a Airoet 340 Series Bridge as soo as the radio is cofigured. A autheticatio failure trap will be set if a SNMP request is received with a ukow commuity ame. This trap may be disabled by settig the authtrap parameter to Off. See The geerated trap will cotai the text of the log message alog with the severity of the log. See the MIB defiitio files for the exact layout Eablig Autheticatio Failure Trap (Authtrap). Ay ormal alarms ad logs you have cofigured to be set by settig the loglevel parameter. NOTE: Sice the path to the trap destiatio may be through a failed or ot yet established radio lik, it is possible that cold start ad lik dow traps could be lost. Use the trapcomm optio to specify the commuity ame that will be used i the trap message. The LogLevel optio cofigures The Airoet 340 Series Bridge to geerate eterprise specific traps wheever a log of a give severity or higher is produced. The trapdest parameter must be O. The geerated trap will cotai the text of the log message alog with the severity of the log. See the MIB defiitio files for the exact layout Eablig Autheticatio Failure Trap (Authtrap) Use the authtrap optio to cotrol the geeratio of SNMP autheticatio failure traps.

168 12-14 Airoet 340 Series Bridge The failure traps may be set if a NMS seds a request with a ukow commuity ame or a commuity ame that it is ot allowed for use. You ca eable or disable this optio. The default settig is Off. Forwardig Logs to a Uix System (Syslog,SysLevel,Facility,Rcvsyslog) Use the syslog optio to forward logs to a Uix host ruig the Syslogd deamo process. Eter the IP address of the Uix host. If the address remais at the default of , logs will ot be set. You may cotrol the type of logs set to the deamo with the Syslevel optio which has the same argumets as the pritlevel fuctio described above. Packets received by the Syslogd daemo process are recorded i the system log file o the Uix host. The logs are displayed o the Cosole i additio to beig forwarded to the Uix host. If the Airoet 340 Series Bridge should fail for ay reaso, the logs may still be viewed o the Uix host. The logs are set usig the syslog facility code LOG_LOCAL0 which has a value of 16. You may chage this value with the optio Facility. The syslog priority depeds o the priority of the log locally. O the Uix host, the Syslogd deamo process will usually add the curret time ad IP address of the uit that set the log. The Airoet 340 Series Bridge will pre-ped its ow ame to the log before it is set. A message similar to the followig will appear o the host: Ja 11 10:46: A630_10172c: Node 0000c0d1587e 630 added for By default the bridges are set up to be able to receive ad display syslog messages from other bridges i the etwork. The Rcvsyslog optio eables or disables this fuctio. You could choose oe bridge to moitor ad have all other uits setup with this oe as their syslog host.

169 Chapter 13 - Performig Diagostics 13 CHAPTER 13 Performig Diagostics This chapter describes how to use the Diagostics Meu to maitai the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Here s what you ll fid i this chapter: Usig the Diagostics Meu Startig a Telet Sessio Chagig the Escape Sequece Ruig a Liktest Restartig the Uit Preparig the Uit for Shutdow Returig the Uit to the Default Cofiguratio Physically Locatig a Uit Sedig a Pig Packet Loadig New Code Versios

170 13-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Usig the Diagostics Meu Diagostics are performed usig the Diagostics Meu. To access this meu, select Diagostics from the Mai Meu. Diagostics Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Network [ meu ] - Network coectio commads 2 - Liktest [ meu ] - Ru a lik test 3 - Restart - Equivalet to power-up 4 - Defaults - Retur to default cofiguratio 5 - Reset - Default parts of the cofiguratio 6 - Load [ meu ] - Load ew versio of firmware Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ Testig the Radio Lik (Liktest) Use the liktest optio to test the quality of the radio trasmissio betwee the Airoet 340 Series Bridge ad other odes o the radio etwork. See Ruig a Liktest i Chapter 4. Restartig the Uit (Restart) Use the restart optio to reboot the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. All associatios will be lost ad the uit will react as though it had just bee powered o. Returig the Uit to the Default Cofiguratio (Default, Reset) Use the default optio to retur the Airoet 340 Series Bridge cofiguratio to its default factory settigs. The uit will erase the curretly saved cofiguratio ad execute a restart commad. The Reset commad ca be used to oly retur parts of the cofiguratio to the default state. If the argumet etered is idet_save the all but those parts of the cofiguratio idetifyig the uit (i.e., the IP address) will be defaulted. If the value is radio_default, the oly the radio cofiguratio is defaulted. If the value is filter_default, the oly the filters

171 Performig Diagostics 13-3 are defaults. You may determie ito which cofiguratio group each settig resides with the use of the cofiguratio dump described i Chapter 3 Usig the Network Meu Network coectio commads are performed usig the Network Meu. To access this meu, select Diagostics from the Mai Meu the select Network. Diagostics Network Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Coect - Start telet sessio 2 - Escape [ ^X^Y^Z ] - Coectio escape sequece 3 - Fid - Flash LEDs to fid uit 4 - Pig - Sed a IP PING packet Eter a optio umber or ame, = mai meu, <ESC> previous meu >_ Startig a Telet Sessio (Coect) The coect optio is used to start a telet sessio with a remote uit o the ifrastructure to gai access to its Cosole Meu. The coect optio ca also be used to access ay remote ode (PC or Server) that supports telet access. The coectio may be iitiated usig the remote ode s IP address. The coectio is completely routable ad the destiatio may be aywhere i the iteret. If the coectio is to be made to aother Airoet uit which has ot bee assiged a IP address, start the coectio usig the MAC level ifrastructure address of the uit. This coectio uses a proprietary protocol which is ot routable. The destiatio must lie o the local LAN. This is useful whe assigig IP addresses to a large umber of bridges.

172 13-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Whe startig a telet sessio with the coect optio: Make sure the telet optio o the remote is eabled before coectig to a remote bridge or cliet. See Telet Access i Chapter 2. A message is prited o the remote s Cosole statig where the coectios origiated from. The Cosole is the disabled for the duratio of the telet sessio to prevet coflictig commads. The remote s Cosole privilege is set to the highest level that does ot have a password. While the uit is attemptig to coect to the remote ode, the coectio ca be termiated by typig CTRL-C. This may be required if the icorrect address was etered. After coectig, you ca close a telet sessio ad retur to the local cosole by: Typig the escape sequece of characters as defied by the escape optio i the Diagostics Meu. See Chagig the Escape Sequece. If the remote ode is a Airoet ode, choose the close optio which is accessible o the Cosole Port Mai Meu durig a telet sessio oly. Usig the remote ode s logout commad. Chagig the Escape Sequece (Escape) Use the escape optio to chage the sequece of characters that are assiged to close a telet sessio to a remote destiatio. Typically, you would chage the sequece if the curret sequece has meaig to the remote system. The sequece may be up to 10 characters i legth. To eter opritable characters i the sequece you may: Use the two-character combiatio of caret (^) ad the alphabetic character correspodig to the cotrol character. For example, to eter cotrol Z, use the strig ^Z. Use a backslash \ followed by three octal umbers Use a dollar sig $ followed by two hexadecimal umbers

173 Performig Diagostics 13-5 Physically Locatig a Uit (Fid) Use the fid optio to blik the amber idicators of the bridge o ad off. Fid a uit you ca telet to if you are ot sure of it s exact locatio. Type CTRL-C to stop the commad. Sedig a Pig Packet (Pig) Use the pig optio to test ifrastructure coectivity from the bridge to other IP odes. The pig optio seds a ICMP echo_request packet to a user-specified remote ode. If the remote ode receives the packet it will also respod with a ICMP echo_respose packet. The Airoet 340 Series Bridge will sed the echo_respose packet ad wait 3 secods for a respose. If oe is received, aother echo packet is set. This is repeated up to five times. If a respose is received ad a message is displayed, the commad disappears from the scree. Type CTRL-C to stop the commad. Loadig New Firmware ad Cofiguratios (Load) The Airoet 340 Series Bridge code ad cofiguratio are stored i a flash memory chip iside the uit. Use the load optio to load ew code versios of the Airoet 340 Series Bridge s firmware or cofiguratios ad save them to flash memory. To load ew versios of the firmware, the code must be loaded ito mai memory first, the programmed ito the flash memory. The uit will reboot usig the ew firmware. The flash memory will retai the ew versio eve if the power is discoected. If the file dowloaded begis with the strig! CONFIGURATION the the file is cosidered to be a text file with lies of commads that are executed as though the were typed at the cosole. The ew firmware or cofiguratio ca be dowloaded ito the uit usig: FTP: Load the ew file ito a sigle uit usig either the Xmodem or FTP protocols. The use the FTP protocol to upload (sed) the file from the local uit to other remote uits o the ifrastructure. Distribute: Load the ew file ito a sigle uit usig either the

174 13-6 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Xmodem or FTP protocols. The use the distribute optio to simultaeously load all of the other uits o the ifrastructure, whether they are coected wirelessly or via the wired ifrastructure. Bootp: Load the ew firmware ad cofiguratio revisios ito the uits each time they power up. Whe you select the load optio, the Diagostics Load Meu appears: Diagostics Load Meu BR105E_22ef0a Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Xmodem - Xmodem load from serial port 2 - Crc-xmodem - Xmodem-CRC load from serial port 3 - Ftp [ meu ] - Load usig FTP 4 - Distribute [ meu ] - Distribute the firmware 5 - Bootp/DHCP [ o ] - Use BOOTP/DHCP o startup 6 - Class [BRE105E] - DHCP class id Eter a optio umber or ame, "=" mai meu, <ESC> previous meu > Dowloadig Usig Xmodem Protocol (Xmodem/Crc-xmodem) Use the Xmodem or CRC-xmodem optios to load the ew firmware versio through the Cosole Port. Depedig o the commuicatios software programs available, choose: Í Xmodem: Termiates packets with a checksum CRC-xmodem: Termiates packets with a Cyclic Redudacy Check (CRC). To load firmware usig Xmodem or CRC-xmodem: 1. Coect a termial to the Cosole Port usig a commuicatios software program (Procomm TM or Widows TM Termial). 2. Select either the Xmodem optio or CRC-xmodem optio, depedig o your commuicatios software. The followig message appears: Ready for XMODEM dowload. Use several ^X s to cacel 3. Set the commuicatio program to iitiate the file trasfer to the uit.

175 Performig Diagostics The uit begis the file dowload. A message similar to the followig appears: XMODEM: received bytes i 00:03:36; 800 bytes/ s trasfer rate After the loaded code for the ew firmware is validated, the flash memory is programmed ad the uit will restart with the ew code. The firmware cosists of the boot block ad the applicatio code. Durig the firmware dowload, the applicatio code is replaced, but the boot block is ot. Whe the uit powers up, the boot block checks the itegrity of the applicatio code. If it is valid, the boot block will execute the ew firmware. If it is ivalid, the boot block will display a error message o the Cosole ad the firmware will eed to be reloaded. The oly time you should receive a ivalid applicatio code is whe the flash memory device fails or the power is iterrupted while the flash memory is i the process of beig programmed. Dowloadig or Uploadig usig the File Trasfer Protocol (Ftp) Use the FTP optio to dowload or upload firmware. The Airoet 340 Series Bridge ca be a FTP cliet or FTP server. To upload or dowload firmware you ca iitiate a coectio from: The Airoet 340 Series Bridge cosole to a remote PC or host ad retrieve a ew versio of the firmware. The Airoet 340 Series Bridge cosole to a remote PC or host ad sed a copy of the ruig firmware. Oe Airoet 340 Series Bridge cosole to aother allowig uits to sed or receive firmware ruig locally. A PC or host system to a Airoet 340 Series Bridge ad sed a ew firmware versio. NOTE: Before you dowload or upload ew code versios, make sure you have set the IP address o all uits ivolved.

176 13-8 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Whe you select the FTP optio, the Diagostics Load FTP Meu appears: Diagostics Load Ftp Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Get - Load a firmware/cofig file 2 - Put - Sed a firmware file 3 - Cofig - Sed a cofiguratio file 4 - Dest [ ] - Host IP address 5 - Userame [ "" ] - Host userame 6 - Password - Host password 7 - Fileame [ "" ] - Host fileame Eter a optio umber or ame, "=" mai meu, <ESC> previous meu > Dowloadig a New Firmware/Cofiguratio File (Get) Use the get optio to dowload (retrieve) firmware or a cofiguratio file. Oce the file has bee loaded, the uit will check the first characters of the file. If! CONFIGURATION is preset, the file cotais meu cofiguratio commads. Otherwise the file is cosidered to be firmware ad will be loaded i the flash memory ad the executed. ÍTo Dowload Firmware usig FTP: 1. Load the file oto the PC, host, or bridge you will retrieve from. 2. Select the dest optio ad type i the IP address of the host PC or Airoet 340 Series Bridge. 3. Select the userame optio ad type i the userame required to access the firmware file. If dowloadig from aother Airoet 340 Series Bridge, the userame optio must have a value eve though the value is ot used by the remote Airoet 340 Series Bridge. 4. Select the password optio ad type the password associated with the userame. If dowloadig from aother Airoet 340 Series Bridge, the logi password value must match the cosole write privilege password o the remote Airoet 340 Series Bridge.

177 Performig Diagostics Select the fileame optio ad type the ame of the firmware file you are retrievig (icludig drive ad directory), the press ENTER. If dowloadig from aother Airoet 340 Series Bridge, the fileame optio must have a value eve though the value is ot used by the remote Airoet 340 Series Bridge. 6. Select the get optio. The uit will begi a FTP sessio to the host PC, retrieve the file, program the flash memory, ad reboot. A message will appear: 220 su_host FTP server (SuOS 4.1) ready. 230 User sysop logged i. 200 Type set to I. 200 PORT commad successful. 150 Biary data coectio for apv33.img ( bytes). 226 Biary Trasfer complete. 221 Goodbye. FTP: received bytes i 00:00:10; 15 Kbytes/s trasfer rate rebootig uit. Uploadig a New Firmware Versio (Put) Use the put optio to upload (sed) a copy of the curretly ruig firmware to aother system. If the system is a: Í PC or host: A copy of the firmware will be stored o the system s disk, possibly for dowloadig to other uits later. Airoet 340 Series Bridge: The remote Airoet 340 Series Bridge will flash the ew code ad begi ruig it immediately. You ca use oe Airoet 340 Series Bridge to upgrade aother Airoet 340 Series Bridge. To Upload Firmware usig FTP: 1. Select the dest optio ad type the IP address of the remote PC, host or Airoet 340 Series Bridge you are sedig to. Press ENTER. 2. Select the userame optio ad type the userame for the remote PC, host, or Airoet 340 Series Bridge you are sedig to. Press ENTER. If uploadig to aother Airoet 340 Series Bridge, the userame optio must have a value eve though the value is ot used by the

178 13-10 Airoet 340 Series Bridge remote Airoet 340 Series Bridge. 3. Select the password optio ad type the access password for the remote PC, host, or the cosole. Press ENTER. 4. Select the fileame optio type the ame of the firmware file you are sedig to the PC, host, or Airoet 340 Series Bridge (icludig drive ad directory). Press ENTER. If uploadig to aother Airoet 340 Series Bridge, the fileame optio must have a value eve though the value is ot used by the remote Airoet 340 Series Bridge. 5. Select the put optio. The uit will begi a FTP sessio to the remote host PC or Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Uploadig the Uit s cofiguratio (Cofig) You may use this optio to save the cofiguratio o a remote host or PC i a format suitable for later dowloadig usig FTP or BOOTP. You are first prompted for the ame of the file to be created o the remote system. Oce the fileame is etered the trasfer will begi. Dowloadig Usig the Iteret Boot Protocol (Bootp/DHCP) The Bootp/DHCP optio is eabled by default whe the Airoet 340 Series Bridge is powered o. The process for dowloadig firmware files usig the Bootp/DHCP parameter is: 1. O power up, the Airoet 340 Series Bridge will issue boot protocol requests to see if there are ay Bootp or DHCP servers o the ifrastructure that have bee cofigured with the uit ifrastructure address. 2. If o respose is foud, the request is repeated up to 30 times with a 4 secod wait after the first request. It the doubles the time betwee requests for each additioal retry. If there is still o respose, the uit gives up. 3. If multiple resposes are received, the uit will pick a DHCP server over a Bootp server.

179 Performig Diagostics If a respose is received, the IP address assiged to this uit by the server is compared to the cofigured value. If they are differet, the cofigured value is chaged. 5. The dowloaded file is examied. If the file is ot empty, it is assumed to be a cofiguratio file i the format produced by the cofiguratio dump meu commad. A Trivial File Trasfer Protocol (TFTP) dialogue is used to retrieve the file from the server. 6. The cotets of the cofiguratio file is processed as though the commads have bee etered by the operator at the cosole. The commads i the file will modify the curretly ruig cofiguratio. NOTE: The curret cofiguratio is ot set back to the defaults before the file is processed. Therefore, the file cotets do ot have to be a complete cofiguratio but may cotai just the items you wish to chage. 7. Oce the cofiguratio has bee processed, the ame stored i the diagostics load ftp fileame parameter is assumed to be the ame of the firmware file to dowload. If the parameter is ot empty, the uit will use the TFTP protocol to load the file ito RAM. If the firmware is differet from the curretly ruig versio, the uit will program the flash memory with the ew code ad restart to execute it. If the ew firmware is the same, the uit discards the loaded file ad cotiues ormal operatio Use the class optio to eter a class ID for a cliet ode. The etered strig is placed i the DHCP discover messages set to the DHCP servers. The server will determie how to respod based o the class ID.

180 13-12 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Distributig Firmware or Cofiguratio (Distribute) Diagostics Load Distributio Meu Optio Value Descriptio 1 - Go - Start the distributio 2 - Type [firmware] - What to distribute 3 - Cotrol [ ewer ] - How to cotrol distributios 4 - Add - Chage distributable cofiguratio 5 - Remove - Remove chage 6 - Show - Show chages 7 - Dump - Show Cofiguratio Use the distribute optio to sed the firmware or cofiguratio from oe Airoet 340 Series Bridge to all other Airoet 340 Series Bridges o the ifrastructure (whether they are repeaters or are coected to the wired ifrastructure). By usig the distribute fuctio the time eeded to perform firmware upgrades or make global chages to the cofiguratio is greatly decreased. Oce a ew versio of the firmware has bee loaded ito a sigle Airoet 340 Series Bridge, (usig Xmodem, CRC-Modem, Ftp or Bootp) or the cofiguratio has chaged, use the distribute optio to upgrade all other uits. Cotrollig Which Uits the Distribute Affects The cotrol optio cotrols how the remote uits respod to your request to sed them a cofiguratio or firmware. Values may be set to: Noe: The uit will ever respod ad caot be loaded by aother uit usig the distribute commad. Ay: The uit will always respod. It is up to the distributig uit to determie whether to load the local uit. Newer: The uit will oly respod if the versio of firmware beig distributed has a larger versio umber tha the code curretly ruig. This selectio oly applies to firmware dowloads. For cofiguratio dowloads this is equivalet to ay. Noe of the Above: It is iterpreted as a password that must have bee etered by the operator of the uit doig the distributio. The local uit will ot respod to ay distributios that do ot supply this password.

181 Performig Diagostics If the distributio is password protected, oly those uits that have the same password cofigured ito the cotrol parameter will accept the distributio. I this way you may protect your uits from uwated loads. The password may also be used to divide the uits ito code load groups so the loads to oe group will ot affect the other groups. If the distributio is doe without a password, the load will be igored by remote uits with a cofigured password. If the remote uit does ot have a password ad firmware is beig distributed, it will still accept the load based o the versio umber ad code checksum. Cotrollig Which Parts of the Cofiguratio are Distributed By default certai parts of the cofiguratio have bee set to beig part of the distributable cofiguratio. The distributio always cotais all cofiguratio items marked this way. Each cofiguratio item i the bridge has bee assiged a uique id umber that will ever chage over the life of the product. It is these umbers alog with the argumets to the cofiguratio commads that are distributed so that meu chages do ot affect the cofiguratio. Use the Dump commad to display the status of the etire cofiguratio. Each lie will start with the id umber for the item ad its argumets. The i a commet field the strig local will appear if the item i ot distributable ad set if it is. Followig this will be the curret full text for the cofiguratio item. To chage which items are distributable use the add/remove/show commads. The Add commad asks for a cofiguratio id ad whether it is to be set or is local oly. The Remove commad asks for a id or all ad returs the item to its default state. The Show commad displays the table of chages. Startig The Distributio To start the distributio use the Go optio The followig message will appear: Fidig the other uits... Whe the commad is executed, the local uit will sed a special

182 13-14 Airoet 340 Series Bridge broadcast message similar to the oe below to all other uits o the ifrastructure. It reports that it has a ew firmware file with its assiged versio umber. BR105E d45 has code versio 3.2a (checksum 1598) The remote uits the decide whether to respod based o the value of their rcv_distribute parameter. Whe the local uit receives a respose to its request, the remote uit is added to a list of uits to be loaded. Whe the respose timeout period has expired (approximately 10 secods), the local uit will begi loadig all remote uits i parallel usig a proprietary protocol. A message similar to the oe below will be displayed. Loadig d45 Loadig d45 If ay remote uits timeout durig the load, they are removed from the list. Oce all uits have completed loadig, the local uit displays a cout of the successful loads. A message similar to the followig will be displayed. Completed loadig d45 Completed loadig f Loadig of 2 Airoet 340 Series Bridges completed

183 Appedix A - Airoet 340 Series Bridge Specificatios LAN Iterfaces Supported Etheret Cable Specificatios Coector Thi Etheret IEEE Base2 BNC Coector Thick Etheret IEEE Base5 DB-15 Coector (exteral Trasceiver required) Twisted Pair Etheret IEEE BaseT RJ-45 Coector Radio Characteristics Item Airoet 340 Series Bridge Frequecy Modulatio Atea Compliace to GHz* Direct Sequece Spread Spectrum The bridge ships with a sigle dipole atea (2.2 dbi gai). Loger rage ateas are available. The bridge operates licese-free uder FCC Part 15 ad complies as a Class B computig device. Complies with DOC regulatios. The bridge complies with ETS , FTZ 2100 ad MPT 1349 stadards (ad others).

184 A-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Physical Specificatios Item Descriptio Size Status Idicators Cosole Port Power Supply Weight Operatig eviromet 20 x 15 x 5 cm (7.8 x 5.9 x 1.9 iches) Top Pael Radio Traffic activity, Etheret Traffic activity, Status Back Pael Etheret Rx ad Tx activity, Polarity, Port coectios, Collisios DCE with DB-9 female coector Power Pack. The power pack will be either 120VAC/60Hz or VAC/47-63Hz to 12-18VDC, whichever is appropriate for coutry of use. 0.7 Kg (1 lb. 8 oz.) -20 o C to 50 o C (-4 o F to 122 o F)

185 A-3 Cosole Port Pi-Out The Cosole Port is a DCE usig a DB-9 female coector. The followig table describes the piouts o the coector ad how you should coect the DB-9 pis to the DB-25 o a termial. Sigal ames are i terms of the DTE. Sigal DB-9 Male Airoet Cosole Port DB-25 Female Computer Serial Port RxD 2 3 TxD 3 2 GND 5 7 DCD 1 8 DTR 4 20 CTS 8 5 RTS 7 4 Sigal DB-9 Male Airoet Cosole Port DB-9 Female Computer Serial Port RxD 2 2 TxD 3 3 GND 5 5 DCD 1 1 DTR 4 4 CTS 8 8 RTS 7 7 Most termials ad commuicatio programs will oly require Txd, Rxd ad Gd to commuicate with the Airoet 340 Series Bridge. Some may also require DCD before the coectio o-lie ca be made. If you use hardware flow cotrol, coect all lies.

186 A-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge

187 Appedix B - Cosole Meu Tree The Cosole system cosists of multiple sub-meus that brach off the Mai Meu, much like a tree. This Appedix provides you with a detailed listig of all meu, sub-meus ad optios cotaied i the Cosole Port. Mai Meu Cofiguratio Radio Ssid Root Rates Basic_rates Distace I80211 Beaco Dtim Exted Bcst_ssid Rts Privacy Ecryptio Auth Cliet Key Trasmit Ecapsulatio Ecap Show Add Remove Liktests Stregth Carrier Alig Multicast Uicast Remote Destiatio Size Cout Rate Errors Autotest - Geeral cofiguratio - Radio etwork parameters - Service set idetificatio - Eable root mode - Allowed bit rates i megabits/secod - Basic bit rates i megabits/secod - Maximum separatio i kilometers parameters - Beaco period i Kusec - DTIM iterval - Allow proprietary extesios - Allow broadcast SSID - RTS/CTS packet size threshold - Privacy cofiguratio - Ecrypt radio packets - Autheticatio mode - Cliet autheticatio modes allowed - Set the keys - Key umber for trasmit - Cofigure packet ecapsulatio - Default ecapsulatio method - Show ecapsulatio table - Add a protocol ecapsulatio method - Remove a protocol ecapsulatio method - Test the radio lik - Ru a sigal stregth test - Carrier busy statistics - Atea aligmet test - Ru a multicast echo test - Ru a uicast echo test - Ru a remote echo test - Target address - Packet size - Number of packets to sed - Data rate - Radio error statistics - Auto echo test

188 B-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Cotiuous - Repeat echo test oce started Exteded - Exteded parameters Bridge_mode - Bridgig mode Paretid - Paret ode Id Paret_timeout - Time to look for specified paret Paret_wait - How log to look for previous paret Time_retry - Number of secods to retry trasmit Cout_retry - Maximum umber trasmit retries Refresh - Refresh rate i 1/10 of secods Roamig - Type of roamig cotrol packets Balace - Load balacig Diversity - Eable the diversity ateas Power - Trasmit power level Fragmet - Maximum fragmet size Optios - Eable radio optios Etheret - Etheret cofiguratio Active - Coectio active Size - Maximum frame size Port - Port selectio Idet - Idetificatio iformatio Iaddr - Iteret address Imask - Iteret subet mask Gateway - Iteret default gateway Routig - IP routig table cofiguratio Display - Display Route Table Etries Host - Add a Static Host Route Net - Add a Static Network Route Delete - Delete a Static Route Ds1 - DNS server 1 Ds2 - DNS server 2 Domai - Domai ame Master - Master uit address Nid - Network address Name - Node ame Locatio - System locatio Cotact - System cotact ame Bootp_DHCP - Use BOOTP/DHCP o startup Class - DHCP class id Cosole - Cotrol cosole access Rpassword - Set readoly privilege password Wpassword - Set write privilege password Remote - Allow remote operators Telet - Allow telet coectios Http - Allow http coectios Display - Display the remote operator list

189 B-3 Add - Add a operator host Delete - Remove a operator host Commuities - SNMP commuity properties Display - Display SNMP commuities Add - Add a commuity Remove - Remove a commuity Access - Set commuity access mode Remote - Allow remote NMS to chage commuity ifo Type - Termial type Port - Serial port set-up Rate - Cosole baud rate Bits - Bits per character Parity - Cosole parity Flow - Flow cotrol type Liemode - Cosole expects complete lies Stp - Spaig Tree Protocol Active - Protocol eabled Display - Protocol status Priority - Bridge priority Hello_time - Hello message iterval Forward_delay - Forwardig delay Msg_age_timeout - Receive hello message timeout Port - Port parameters Port - Protocol eabled for etheret port Priority - Local etheret port priority Cost - Local etheret port cost Port - Protocol eabled for toke rig port Priority - Local toke rig port priority Cost - Local toke rig port cost Rport - Protocol eabled for remote port Rpriority - Remote port priority Rcost - Remote port cost Port - Protocol eabled for etheret port Priority - Local etheret port priority Cost - Local etheret port cost Port - Protocol eabled for toke rig port Priority - Local toke rig port priority Cost - Local toke rig port cost Mobile-IP - Mobile IP Protocol Cofiguratio AgetType - Home / Foreig Aget Mobile - Home Aget Active Mobile Nodes Visitors - Foreig Aget Visitor List Add - Add Mobile Nodes Remove - Remove Mobile Nodes Display - Display Home Aget Authorized Addresses Setup - Aget Cofiguratio Lifetime - Max Registratio Lifetime ReplayProt - Replay Protectio Method

190 B-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Broadcasts - Broadcast Forwardig RegRequired - Registratio Required HostRedirects - Eable ICMP Host Redirects to MN Advert - Advertisemet Setup AdvertType - Advertisemet type AdvertIterval - Advertisemet iterval PrefixLe - Advertise prefix legth extesio AdvertRtrs - Advertise routers Time - Network Time Setup Time_server - Time protocol server Stp_server - Network time server Offset - GMT offset i miutes Dst - Use daylight savigs time Dump - Dump cofiguratio to cosole Statistics - Display statistics Throughput - Throughput statistics Radio - Radio error statistics Etheret - Etheret error statistics Status - Display geeral status Map - Show etwork map Watch - Record history of a statistic History - Display statistic history Nodes - Node statistics ARP - ARP table Display_time - Time to re-display screes IpAdr - Determie cliet IP addresses Associatio - Associatio table maiteace Display - Display the table Summary - Display the table summary Maximum - Maximum allowed child odes Autoreg - Allow automatic table additios Add - Cotrol ode access Remove - Remove access cotrol Staletime - Backboe LAN ode stale out time Niddisp - Node Ids display mode Filter - Cotrol packet filterig Multicast - Multicast address filterig Default - Default multicast actio Show - Display the multicast filters Add - Add a multicast address filter Remove - Remove a multicast address filter Radio_mcst - Where to forward multicasts from radio Node - Node address filterig Ethdst - Destiatio address from etheret Tokdst - Destiatio address from toke rig Raddst - Destiatio address from radio Source - Source addresses Display - Display the ode address filters

191 B-5 Ipdisplay Add Remove Protocols Default Uicast Display Add Remove Legth Moitor Show Clear Directio Logs History Clear Pritlevel Loglevel Ledlevel Statistics Network Bodelog Smp Trapdest Trapcomm Loglevel Authtrap Syslog Syslevel Facility Rcvsyslog Diagostics Network Coect Escape Pig Fid Liktests Stregth Carrier Alig Multicast Uicast Remote - Display the IP address filters - Add a ode address filter - Remove a ode address filter - Protocol filters - Default actio - Filter uicast packets - Display the protocol filters - Add a protocol filter - Remove a protocol filter - Legth of packet data to log - Protocol moitorig eabled - Show forwarded protocol list - Clear forwarded protocol list - Packet directio affected by filters - Alarm ad log cotrol - Log ad alarm history - Clear the history buffer - Type of logs to prit - Type of logs to save - Type of logs to light status led - Set alarms o statistics - Log etwork roamig - Log backboe ode chages - Set-up SNMP traps - IP destiatio for SNMP traps - Commuity for SNMP traps - Type of logs to cause a trap - Eable autheticatio failure trap - Uix syslogd address - Type of logs to sed to syslog - Syslog facility umber to sed - Eable receptio of syslogmessages - Maiteace ad testig commads - Network coectio commads - Start telet sessio - Coectio escape sequece - Sed a IP PING packet - Flash LEDs to fid uit - Test the radio lik - Ru a sigal stregth test - Carrier busy statistics - Atea aligmet test - Ru a multicast echo test - Ru a uicast echo test - Ru a remote echo test

192 B-6 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Destiatio Size Cout Patter Rate Errors Autotest Cotiuous Restart Shutdow Defaults Reset Load Xmodem Crc-xmodem Ftp Get Put Cofig Dest Userame Password Fileame Distribute Go Type Cotrol Add Remove Show Dump Bootp_DHCP Class Privilege Close Exit Help - Target address - Packet size - Number of packets to sed - Packet data patter - Data rate - Radio error statistics - Auto echo test - Repeat echo test oce started - Restart the uit - Prepare to power off uit - Retur to default cofiguratio - Default parts of the cofiguratio - Load ew versio of firmware - Xmodem load from serial port - Xmodem-CRC load from serial port - Load usig FTP - Load a firmware/cofig file - Sed a firmware file - Sed a cofiguratio file - Host IP address - Host userame - Host password - Host fileame - Distribute the firmware - Start a distributio - What to distribute - How to cotrol distributios - Chage distributable cofiguratio - Remove chage - Show chages - Show Cofiguratio - Use BOOTP/DHCP o startup - DHCP class id - Set privilege level - Close the telet sessio - Exit the meus - Itroductio

193 Appedix C - SNMP Variables The Airoet 340 Series Bridge supports the Simple Network Maagemet Protocol (SNMP). SNMP provides a idustry stadard mechaism for the exchage of iformatio i a TCP/IP based iteret eviromet. The residet SNMP aget is compliat with subsets of the (Maagemet Iformatio Base) MIB-I ad MIB-II for TCP/IP based iterets as defied i Iteret s Request For Chages (RFC) 1156 ad Sice the Airoet 340 Series Bridge does ot perform ay IP routig or forwardig, certai (groups of) maaged objects are ot meaigful. For SNMP requests pertaiig to such maaged objects, the ode simply returs a o such ame error status i the respose. The Object ID (OID) prefix for the Airoet 340 Series Bridge resides uder the Structure of Maaged Iformatio (SMI) tree for private eterprises i the Telxo.arla.devices ( ) brach. The system object idetifier for the Airoet 340 Series Bridge is ( ). The residet aget also supports a custom MIB that allows a maagemet statio to read/modify most of the parameters that may be set through the Cosole Meus. For a machie readable versio of the custom MIB, cotact Airoet Wireless Commuicatios. C.1 MIB II Variables The System Group MIBII.system ( x) Object ID Object Name Object Type Access 1 sysdescr strig read 2 sysobjectid oid read 3 sysuptime time read 4 syscotact strig write 5 sysname strig write 6 syslocatio strig write 7 sysservices iteger read

194 C-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge The Iterfaces Group MIBII.iterfaces ( x) Object ID Object Name Object Type Access 1 ifnumber iteger read 2 iftable Sequece of if etry 2.1 ifetry Sequece etry ifidex iteger read ifdescr strig read iftype iteger read ifmtu iteger read ifspeed gauge read ifphysaddress strig read ifadmistatus iteger read ifoperstatus iteger read iflastchage time read ifioctets couter read ifiucastpkts couter read ifinucastpkts couter read ifidiscards couter read ifierrors couter read ifiukowprotos couter read ifoutoctets couter read ifoutucastpkts couter read ifoutnucastpkts couter read ifoutdiscards couter read ifouterrors couter read ifoutqle gauge read ifspecific iteger read

195 C-3 The Address Traslatio Group (deprecated by MIB-II) MIBII.at ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 attable Sequece of at etry 1.1 atetry Sequece etry atifidex iteger read atphysaddress strig read atnetaddress ipaddress read

196 C-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge The IP Group MIBII.ip ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 ipforwardig iteger read 2 ipdefaultttl iteger write 3 ipireceives couter read 4 ipihdrerrors couter read 5 ipiaddrerrors couter read 6 ipforwdatagrams couter read 7 ipiukowprotos couter read 8 ipidiscards couter read 9 ipidelivers couter read 10 ipoutrequests couter read 11 ipoutdiscards couter read 12 ipoutnoroutes couter read 13 ipreasmtimeout iteger read 14 ipreasmreqds couter read 15 ipreasmoks couter read 16 ipreasmfails couter read 17 ipfragoks couter read 18 ipfragfails couter read 19 ipfragcreates couter read 20 ipaddrtable Sequece of ipaddretry 20.1 ipaddretry Sequece ipaddretry ipadetaddr ipaddress read ipadetifidex iteger read ipadetnetmask ipaddress read ipadetbcastaddr iteger read

197 C-5 The ICMP Group MIBII.icmp ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 icmpimsgs couter read 2 icmpierrors couter read 3 icmpidestureachs couter read 4 icmpitimeexcds couter read 5 icmpiparmprobs couter read 6 icmpisrcquechs couter read 7 icmpiredirects couter read 8 icmpiechos couter read 9 icmpiechoreps couter read 10 icmpitimestamps couter read 11 icmpitimestampreps couter read 12 icmpiaddrmasks couter read 13 icmpiaddrmaskreps couter read 14 icmpoutmsgs couter read 15 icmpouterrors couter read 16 icmpoutdestureachs couter read 17 icmpouttimeexcds couter read 18 icmpoutparmprobs couter read 19 icmpoutsrcquechs couter read 20 icmpoutredirects couter read 21 icmpoutechos couter read 22 icmpoutechoreps couter read 23 icmpouttimestamps couter read 24 icmpouttimestampreps couter read 25 icmpoutaddrmasks couter read 26 icmpoutaddrmaskreps couter read

198 C-6 Airoet 340 Series Bridge The UDP Group MIBII.udp ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 udpidatagrams couter read 2 udpnoports couter read 3 udpierrors couter read 4 udpoutdatagrams couter read

199 C-7 The Trasmissio Group MIBII.trasmissio.dot3 ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 dot3table Sequece of dot3 etry 1.1 dot3etry Sequece etry dot3idex iteger read dot3macsublayerstatus iteger write 2 dot3statstable Sequece of dot3stats etry 2.1 dot3statsetry Sequece etry dot3statsidex iteger read dot3statsaligmeterrors couter read dot3statsfcserrors couter read dot3statssiglecollisioframes couter read dot3statsmultiplecollisioframes couter read dot3statssqetesterrors couter read dot3statsdeferredtrasmissios couter read dot3statslatecollisios couter read dot3statsexcessivecollisios couter read dot3statsiteralmactrasmiterrors couter read dot3statscarrierseseerrors couter read dot3statsexcessivedeferrals couter read dot3statsframetoologs couter read dot3statsiragelegtherrors couter read dot3statsoutofragelegthfields couter read dot3statsiteralmacreceiveerrors couter read

200 C-8 Airoet 340 Series Bridge The SNMP Group MIBII.smp ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 smpipkts couter read 2 smpoutpkts couter read 3 smpibadversios couter read 4 smpibadcommuitynames couter read 5 smpibadcommuityuses couter read 6 smpiasnparseerrs couter read 7 smpibadtypes couter read 8 smpitoobigs couter read 9 smpinosuchnames couter read 10 smpibadvalues couter read 11 smpireadolys couter read 12 smpigeerrs couter read 13 smpitotalreqvars couter read 14 smpitotalsetvars couter read 15 smpigetrequests couter read 16 smpigetnexts couter read 17 smpisetrequests couter read 18 smpigetresposes couter read 19 smpitraps couter read 20 smpouttoobigs couter read 21 smpoutnosuchnames couter read 22 smpoutbadvalues couter read 23 smpoutreadolys couter read 24 smpoutbadgeerrs couter read 25 smpoutgetrequests couter read 26 smpoutgetnexts couter read 27 smpoutsetrequests couter read 28 smpoutgetresposes couter read 29 smpouttraps couter read 30 smpeableauthetraps iteger write

201 C-9 The Cofigure STP Group MIBII.dot1dBridge.dot1dStp ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 dot1dstpprotocolspecificatio iteger read 2 dot1dstppriority iteger write 3 dot1dstptimesicetopologychage iteger read 4 dot1dstptopchages iteger read 5 dot1dstpdesigatedroot strig read 6 dot1dstprootcost iteger read 7 dot1dstprootport iteger read 8 dot1dstpmaxage iteger read 9 dot1dstphellotime iteger read 10 dot1dstpholdtime iteger read 11 dot1dstpforwarddelay iteger read 12 dot1dstpbridgemaxage iteger write 13 dot1dstpbridgehellotime iteger write 14 dot1dstpbridgeforwarddelay iteger write 15 dot1dstpporttable Sequece of dot1dstpportetry 15.1 dot1dstpportetry Sequece dot1dstpportpriority iteger read dot1dstpportstate iteger write dot1dstpportstate iteger read dot1dstpporteable iteger write dot1dstpportpathcost iteger write dot1dstpportdesigatedroot strig read dot1dstpportdesigatedcost iteger read dot1dstpportdesigatedbridge strig read dot1dstpportdesigatedport iteger read dot1dstpportforwardtrasmissios iteger read

202 C-10 Airoet 340 Series Bridge MIBII.dot1dBridge.dot1dTp ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 dot1dtplearedetrydiscards couter read 2 dot1dtpagigtime iteger write 3 dot1dtpfdbtable Sequece of dot1dtpfdetry 3.1 dot1dtpfdbetry Sequecy dot1dtpfdaddress strig read dot1dtpfdbport iteger read dot1dtpfdbstatus iteger read

203 C The ARLAN Custom MIB The Cofigure Etheret Group ACCESSPOINT.cofiguratio.cfgEtheret ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 cfgetheable iteger write 2 cfgethsize iteger write The Cofigure ARLAN Group ACCESSPOINT.cofiguratio.cfgArla ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 cfgarlroot iteger write 7 cfgarlparet strig write 8 cfgarlparettime iteger write 16 cfgarlssid Strig write The Cofigure Filterig Group ACCESSPOINT.cofiguratio.cfgFilter ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 cfgfiltmcst iteger write 7 cfgfiltsrc iteger write

204 C-12 Airoet 340 Series Bridge The Cofigure Cosole Group ACCESSPOINT.cofiguratio.cfgCosole ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 cfgcosprivilege iteger write 2 cfgcosreadpwd strig write 3 cfgcoswritepwd strig write 4 cfgcostype iteger write 5 cfgcosbaud iteger write 6 cfgcosbits iteger write 7 cfgcosparity iteger write 9 cfgcostelet iteger write 11 cfgcosflow iteger write The Cofigure SNMP Group ACCESSPOINT.cofiguratio.cfgSmp ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 cfgsmpdest ipaddress write 2 cfgsmpauth iteger write 3 cfgsmptcomm strig write 4 cfgsmplog iteger write 5 cfgsmpcommtable Sequece of cfgsmp- CommTableEtry 5.1 cfgsmpcommtableetry Sequece cfgsmpcommstatus iteger write cfgsmpcommidex iteger write cfgsmpcommname strig write cfgsmpcommaccess iteger write cfgsmpcommip1 ipaddress write cfgsmpcommip2 ipaddress write cfgsmpcommip3 ipaddress write cfgsmpcommip4 ipaddress write cfgsmpcommip5 ipaddress write cfgsmpcommnid1 strig write

205 C cfgsmpcommnid2 strig write cfgsmpcommnid3 strig write cfgsmpcommnid4 strig write cfgsmpcommnid5 strig write

206 C-14 Airoet 340 Series Bridge The Cofigure Logs Group ACCESSPOINT.cofiguratio.cfgLogs ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 cfglogprit iteger write 2 cfglogsave iteger write 3 cfglogled iteger write 5 cfglogclear iteger write 6 cfglogstatuslock iteger write 7 cfglogbodelog iteger write 8 cfglogsyslog ipaddress write The Cofigure Associatio Table Group ACCESSPOINT.cofiguratio.cfgAssociatio ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 cfgregautoreg iteger write 2 cfgregsave iteger write 3 cfgregtable Sequece of cfgreg- TableEtry 3.1 cfgregtableetry Sequece cfgregtabaddress strig read cfgregtabname strig read cfgregtabdevice strig read cfgregtabrouter strig read cfgregtabraddst iteger read cfgregtabbkbdst iteger read cfgregtabsrc iteger read cfgregtabregcotrol iteger read 4 cfgregnvtable Sequece of cfgreg NvTableEtry 4.1 cfgregnvtableetry Sequece cfgregnvtabaddress strig write cfgregnvtabstatus iteger write cfgregnvtabregcotrol iteger write

207 C cfgregnvtabraddst iteger write cfgregnvtabbkbdst iteger write cfgregnvtabsrc iteger write

208 C-16 Airoet 340 Series Bridge The Cofigure Idet Group ACCESSPOINT.cofiguratio.cfgIdet ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 cfgidipadr ipaddress write 2 cfgidimask ipaddress write 3 cfgidipgateway ipaddress write The Radio Error Statistics Group ACCESSPOINT.statistics.statRadio ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 statradlocalbufferfull couter read 3 statradduplicatercv couter read 5 statradbadcrc couter read 12 statradretries couter read 13 statradmaxretries iteger read 16 statradtxfull couter read The Loggig Group ACCESSPOINT.loggig ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 logtable Sequece of log- TableEtry 1.1 logtableetry Sequece logtabetryidex iteger read logtabetryticks time read logtabetrytext strig read logtabetrylevel iteger read

209 C-17 The Admi Group ACCESSPOINT.admi ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 admirestart iteger write 4 admimajversio iteger read 5 admimiversio iteger read 6 admibootp iteger write 7 admidistribute iteger write 8 admidistributect iteger read 9 admipig iteger write 10 admipigstate iteger read 11 admifallback iteger write 12 admircvdistribute iteger write 13 admibetaversio iteger read The Admi LikTest Group ACCESSPOINT.admi.admiLiktest ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 admiltmultitest iteger write 2 admiltdest strig write 3 admiltsize iteger write 4 admiltcout iteger write 5 admiltdstrcv couter read 6 admiltsrcrcv couter read 7 admiltsrcxmt couter read 8 admiltavetrip couter read 9 admiltmitrip couter read 10 admiltmaxtrip couter read 11 admiltuitest iteger write 12 admiltauto iteger write

210 C-18 Airoet 340 Series Bridge The Admi FTP Group ACCESSPOINT.admi.admiFTP ( x) Object Id Object Name Object Type Access 1 admiftpget iteger write 2 admiftpdest ipaddress write 3 admiftpuser strig write 4 admiftppassword strig write 5 admiftpfile strig write 6 admiftpput iteger write

211 Appedix D - Cisco Techical Support If you are a etwork admiistrator ad eed persoal techical assistace with a Cisco product that is uder warraty or covered by a maiteace cotract, cotact Cisco s Techical Assistace Ceter (TAC) at , , or tac@cisco.com. To obtai geeral iformatio about Cisco Systems, Cisco products, or upgrades, cotact , , or cs-rep@cisco.com.

212 D-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge

213 Appedix E - Regulatory Iformatio Maufacturer s Federal Commuicatio Commissio Declaratio of Coformity Statemet Models: BR340, BR342, BRI340, BRI341 Maufacturer: Cisco Systems, Ic. 170 West Tasma Drive Sa Jose, CA USA This device complies with Part 15 rules. Operatio is subject to the followig two coditios: 1) this device may ot cause harmful iterferece, ad 2) this device must accept ay iterferece received, icludig iterferece that may cause udesired operatio. This equipmet has bee tested ad foud to comply with the limits of a Class B digital device, pursuat to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are desiged to provide reasoable protectio agaist harmful iterferece whe the equipmet is operated i a residetial eviromet. This equipmet geerates, uses, ad radiates radio frequecy eergy, ad if ot istalled ad used i accordace with the istructios, may cause harmful iterferece. However, there is o guaratee that iterferece will ot occur. If this equipmet does cause iterferece to radio or televisio receptio, which ca be determied by turig the equipmet off ad o, the user is ecouraged to correct the iterferece by oe of the followig measures: Reoriet or relocate the receivig atea. Icrease separatio betwee the equipmet ad receiver. Coect the equipmet ito a outlet o a circuit differet from which the receiver is coected. Cosult the dealer or a experieced radio\tv techicia.

214 E-2 Airoet 340 Series Bridge User Warig The Part 15 radio device operates o a o-iterferece basis with other devices operatig at this frequecy. Ay chages or modificatio to said product ot expressly approved by Airoet could void the user s authority to operate this device. Professioal Istallatio Per the recommedatio of the FCC, the istallatio of high gai directioal atea to the system, which are iteded to operated solely as a poit-to-poit system ad whose total power exceeds +36dBm EIRP, require professioal istallatio. It is the resposibility of the istaller ad the ed user that the high power systems are operated strictly as a poit-to-poit system. Systems operatig as a poit-to-multipoit system or use o directioal ateas caot exceed +36dBm EIRP power requiremet uder ay circumstaces ad do ot require professioal istallatio.

215 E-3 Departmet of Commuicatios Caada Caadia Compliace Statemet This Digital apparatus meets all the requiremets of the Caadia Iterferece - Causig Equipmet Regulatios. Cet appareil umerique respecte les exigeces du Reglemet sur le material broilleur du Caada. This device complies with Class B Limits of Idustry of Caada. Operatio is subject to the followig two coditios: 1) this device may cause harmful iterferece, ad 2) this device must accept ay iterferece received, icludig iterferece that may cause udesired operatio. The device is certified to the requiremets of RSS ad RSS-210 for 2.4 GHz spread spectrum devices. The use of this device i a system operatig either partially or completely outdoors may require the user to obtai a licese for the system accordig to the Caadia regulatios. For further iformatio, cotact your local Idustry Caada office.

216 E-4 Airoet 340 Series Bridge Europea Telecommuicatio Stadards Istitute Statemet of Compliace Iformatio to User This equipmet has bee tested ad foud to comply with the Europea Telecommuicatios Stadard ETS This stadard covers Widebad Data Trasmissio Systems referred i CEPT recommedatio T/R This type accepted equipmet is desiged to provide reasoable protectio agaist harmful iterferece whe the equipmet is operated i a commercial eviromet. This equipmet geerates, uses, ad ca radiate radio frequecy eergy, ad if ot istalled ad used i accordace with the istructio maual, may cause harmful iterferece to radio commuicatios.

217 E-5