MARNET Macedonian Academic & Research Network

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1 MARNET Macedonian Academic & Research Network.mk cctld registrar Prof. Dr. Borislav Popovski, Mr. Goran Muratovski, Ms. Marija Manevska 1

2 About MARNet MARNet is organizational unit of the Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje established in 1994 by the auspices of the Ministry of Education and Science of R. Macedonia Mission Role Provide international and national networking services to the Macedonian academic research & educational community and support to their research and educational activities. Promote and disseminate the use of ICT in the academic and research sector Administer the.mk cctld Connection to the international networks with basic IP provision Maintenance of the national DNS Memberships in international networking organizations National academic network policy and development 2

3 Management structure of MARNet Two management and one operational body stipulated with the Statute of the organization and operation of MARNet Council Mangement board NOC Structure and responsibilities of the bodies 3

4 Activities - projects FINISHED SEEREN NATO-NIG GMON SEEGRID SEEFIRE ONGOING SEEREN2 SEEGRID 2 ELISA 4

5 The Beginnings Macedonian ISO 3166 national top level domain.mk was registered with IANA in 1993 At that time, there was no entity in the Republic having the necessary technical and managerial expertise to administer the cctld No entity, either governmental nor commercial had on-line internet connectivity to be able to host the cctld master nameserver Solution: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Macedonia was appointed as the holder of the.mk cctld (and still is) and the primary NS was hosted by a R&E institution in Slovenia, which also gave their support in identifying and allocation of the secondary nameservers 5

6 The Beginnings (2) There was hardly any need for domain name registration at that time since the internet literacy and awareness was very low People, mostly from R&E, used to utilize the only mail exchanger hosted by the National and University Library in Skopje. The link to internet was over a DECnet network of the information system of the libraries in former Yugoslavia that continued to operate some time after the collapse of Yugoslavia. It was a synchronous X.25 line with capacity of 9.6Kbps 6

7 The Advent of Internet in Macedonia In the second half of 1995 MARNet (almost at the same time with 2 other commercial enterprises) obtains internet connectivity and becomes technically capable of hosting the primary NS The introduction of internet in the commercial arena brought the need of regular and in future frequent domain name registration Communicating the requests to the administrators in Slovenia was apparently quite inappropriate so the immediate need rose for moving the primary NS for the.mk cctld to Macedonia and the definition of rules for the registration procedure 7

8 Legislation Until may 2004 no official and formal document which determines the registration procedure existed. There was informal agreement that the hierarchical model will be followed and that only legal entities from Republic of Macedonia are eligible for submitting applications for domain name registratration. In may 2004 the Statute for organizing and management of the.mk Macedonian TLD was passed by the Rector s Board of the Ss Cyril and Methodius University proposed by MARNet which regulates the following: The organization and governance of.mk cctld Usage of the appropriate subdomains under.mk cctld Registration procedure and the activation and removal of domain names Rights and obligation of the domain names registrants Dispute resolution 8

9 Structure of the.mk cctld The.mk cctld is hierarchically structured with the following second level domains:.gov.mk (governmental and public sector organizations).edu.mk (educational and scientific institutions).com.mk (commercial enterprises).org.mk (non-for-profit organizations).net.mk (network operators).inf.mk (these domain names are of special importance for the state).name.mk (individuals) Entities can apply for a tertiary domain in one of the aforementioned secondary domains By exception, certain entities can register directly under the.mk cctld 9

10 Eligibility for applying for.mk subdomain Different secondary domains have different target groups that are eligible for registering under these domains. The eligibility is proved by submitting appropriate documentation issued by relevant governmental or other bodies There is no restriction on the number of domains an entity can register. The written requests for domain name registration that are submitted on a standardized form, are processed on a first-comefirst-served basis The registration is open both for legal entities as well as for individuals. Individuals can register only their personal names in the.name.mk domain Foreign legal entities can also register domains by authorizing a local legal entity to submit the documentation for a specific domain and be formally responsible for all aspects of domain maintenance 10

11 Valid.mk cctld subdomain names The name of the registered subdomain has to follow the LDH (letter-digit-hyphen) convention rule of the ASCII codeset. The domain (the variable part) shall not start or end with the hyphen, shall be no more than 40 characters in length. The domain name shall not violate any valid and registered trademarks or other intellectual property rights although the registry does not make any checks with regards to this At present there is no provision for registering Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs) 11

12 Registration procedure 1. The procedure for registration of new or changes in an existing domain names starts with the submission of the standard registration form and the relevant accompanying documentation by snail-mail or fax. The entity s seal shall be clearly visible on the form in case the registrant is a legal entity or a photocopy of the identity card shall be enclosed to vouch for the registrant s identity The form consists of administrative and technical data for the requested domain Registrants identity, address, telephone/fax, VAT number, the details on the designated technical and administrative contacts administrative data Requested domain name, minimum two and up to 5 nameservers with the respective IP addresses technical data 2. The registration procedure shall be completed in months time in which period all the necessary preconditions shall be fulfilled 12

13 Technical preconditions There is no notion of a reservation of domain name. The registration is only possible after the domain name has been hosted on at least two correctly configured nameservers Correctly means that the nameservers shall have consistent view of the following data: SOA resource record in accordance with the relevant RFCs NS resource records for at least the nameservers stated in the registration form A resource records for the nameservers within the domain to be registered 13

14 Activation of a domain name If all the administrative and technical preconditions have been met in the prescribed timeframe the domain name is activated: By entering the NS resource records in the.mk zone file By entering the appropriate glue A records if necessary By entering the domain and registrant data in the electronic registry By issuing the registrant a certificate on the registration of the domain name Otherwise, the registration is cancelled and the registrant shall start the registration procedure again for the same or different domain name 14

15 Dispute resolution policy MARNet bears no responsibility aginst third parties if a registrant by improper use of a domain name infringes their rights The registrant himself is responsible for improper use of the domain name If dispute arises between interested parties for particular domain name, there is a possibility to either resolve the dispute by an intermediary arbitrage commission or by a competent court About four disputes have arisen so far and all of them have been resolved by mutual agreement between the interested parites without the arbitrage of a commission or court mediation 15

16 HW & SW support Used HW Two SUN V20z servers (dual Opteron, 2GB, 34GB SCSI disk, 2x10/100/1000BASE-T ethernet cntrl.) These are working in a fully redundant configuration (one can replace the other with few minor manual configuration changes) System SW Scientific Linux SL release 4.1 (Beryllium) DNS server BIND Connectivity Currently 34Mbps link to GEANT (Athens PoP) established through SEEREN project To be upgraded to 2x34Mbps at the beginning of

17 Statistics Registered mk domains per month 17 Sep-06 Mar-04 Jun-04 Sep-04 Dec-04 Mar-05 Jun-05 Sep-05 Dec-05 Mar-06 Jun-06 Jun-03 Sep-03 Dec-03

18 Statistics (2) Registered mk domains per structure.mk.inf.mk.name.mk.net.mk.gov.mk.edu.mk.org.mk.com.mk

19 To Do Although the registry website is primarily for Macedonian users, an english version shall be provided for Whois server Web interface for application submission Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs) 19

Domain Name Policy for.dz. for the Algerian Country Code Top Level Domain.DZ

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