OSI Network Layer. Chapter 5

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "OSI Network Layer. Chapter 5"

Transcription

1 OSI Network Layer Network Fundamentals Chapter 5

2 Objectives Identify the role of the Network Layer, as it describes communication from one end device to another end device. Examine the most common Network Layer protocol, Internet Protocol (IP), and its features for providing connectionless and best-effort service. Understand the principles used to guide the division or grouping of devices into networks.

3 Objectives Understand the hierarchical addressing of devices and how this allows communication between networks. Understand the fundamentals of routes, next Understand the fundamentals of routes, next hop addresses and packet forwarding to a destination network.

4 Outline IPv4 Network layer: Communication from host to host IPv4: Example of network layer protocol IPv4 packet header Networks: Dividing hosts into groups Creating common groups Why separate hosts into networks Dividing networks from networks

5 Outline Routing: How data packets are handled Gateway: The way out of the network Route: A path to a network Routing table entries Packet forwarding: Moving the packet toward its destination Routing processes: How routes are learned Static routing Dynamic routing Routing protocols

6 IPv4 The Network layer, or OSI layer 3, provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identified end devices. To accomplished this end to end transport the segment will go through layer 3 processes: To address the packet to the proper destination. Encapsulate the packet with necessary data for delivery. Route the packet through the web of connected network for delivery. The destination host decapsulate the data for processing. The protocol used in the Internet s network layer is the called the Internet Protocol (IP).

7 Network layer: Communication from host to host

8 Network layer: Communication from host to host The network layer receives segments of data (PDU) from the transport layer. Contains application data + transport header (either TCP or UDP). The network layer adds a header to the segment received: Contains information to perform network-layer functions such as addressing. The format of the header is defined by a network layer protocol such as IP. Four basic processes of network layer: addressing, encapsulation, routing, decapsulation.

9 Addressing IP requires that each sending and receiving device / host to have a unique IP address. For a successful data transfer, both the source and destination IP addresses need to be specified. Destination IP address enables the packet to be sent to the correct receiving host. Source IP address enables the receiver to send a reply to the sending host.

10 Encapsulation Encapsulation refers to the process of adding an IP header to the segment received from the transport layer. IP header + transport-layer PDU = network-layer PDU. Network-layer PDU is also called a packet. Among others, the IP header contains: Source IP address Destination IP address

11 Encapsulation

12 Routing Routing refers to the process that a router performs when receiving a packet. This process involves: Analyzing destination address information. Using the address information to select a path for the packet. Forwarding the packet to the next router. The packet header contains all the information required for the packet to travel through the network to the destination host.

13 Routing The path that the router chooses depend on the router configuration and information about the destination network. Done by referring to the router s routing table. A packet may need to travel several hops before it reaches the receiving host. A hop refers to the travel from one router to another router. The last router will then forward the packet to the destination host.

14 Decapsulation When the receiving host receives the packet, it examines the destination address to verify that the packet was addressed to this device. If the address is correct, the packet is decapsulated. Decapsulation refers to the process of taking off the IP header from the packet. The remaining segment (layer 4 PDU) is then passed to the appropriate service at the transport layer

15 Network Layer Protocols Protocol Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) Novell IPX AppleTalk Connectionless Network Services (CLNS) Description Most widely used network protocol. Basic protocol of the Internet Currently in use in some areas. Will work with IPv4 and likely to replace it Part of Novell NetWare, a widely popular internetworking protocol in the 1980s and 1990s Apple Computer s proprietary networking protocol A protocol used in telecommunication networks that does not require established circuits

16 IPv4: Example of Network Layer Protocol The network-layer protocol used in the Internet is the Internet Protocol (IP). The version of IP widely used in the Internet currently is IPv4. The next version of IP, which is IPv6 has already been developed and currently being used in certain areas. IPv6 can operate alongside IPv4. In the future, IPv6 is expected to replace IPv4 throughout the Internet.

17 IPv4: Example of Network Layer Protocol IP was designed as a protocol with low overhead. Provides only the functions that are necessary to deliver a packet from a source to a destination over an interconnected system of networks. IP was not designed to track and manage the flow of packets. These functions are performed by other protocols in other layers.

18 IPv4: Example of Network Layer Protocol IPv4 characteristics: Connectionless No connection is established before sending data packet. Best effort (unreliable) Does not guarantee data delivery. This reduces the overhead at routers in terms of processing time and bandwidth usage. Media independent Operates independently of the medium carrying the data.

19 IPv4: Example of Network Layer Protocol

20 Connectionless IP is connectionless: No need to exchange control information to establish endto-end connection before data transfer. Does not require any field in the header to maintain connection. This reduces the overhead of IP. Connectionless packet delivery may result in packets arriving at the destination out of sequence. If out-of-order or missing packets create problems for the application using the data, then upper layer services will have to resolve these issues.

21 Connectionless

22 Connectionless

23 Best Effort The IP protocol does not burden the IP service with providing reliability. It is an unreliable protocol. Unreliable means that IP does not have the capability to manage, and recover from, undelivered or corrupt packets. Compared to a reliable protocol, the IP header is smaller. Transporting these smaller headers requires less overhead. Less overhead means less delay in delivery. Reliability will be managed by an upper layer protocol (such as TCP).

24 Best Effort

25 Media Independent

26 Media Independent It does not matter whether IP packets are carried over what type of media. The only difference between the different media is just how the bits are represented by the signals. The only issue that the network layer needs to consider is the maximum size of PDU that each medium can transport. Different medium / link layer technology has its own maximum packet size. This maximum size is called the maximum transfer unit (MTU).

27 Media Independent The network layer must prepare the packets such that their size do not exceed the MTU. However, since a packet may go through different media along the path, it is still possible for a packet to be forwarded to a media with a smaller MTU than the packet size. In this case, the router needs to fragment the packet into smaller packets. This process is called fragmentation.

28 IPv4 Packet Header

29 IPv4 Packet Header Version Indicates IP version, either 4 or 6. Internet Header Length (IHL) Specifies the size of the packet header. Packet Length Specifies the entire packet size (in bytes), including header and data. Identification, Flag and Fragmentation Offset Used for fragmentation. Enables fragmented IP packets to be reconstructed correctly by the receiving host.

30 IPv4 Packet Header Time to Live (TTL) An 8 bit field that specifies the maximum hops the packet can take before it is considered lost or undeliverable. The value is decreased by one each time the packet is processed by a router (that is, each hop). When the value becomes zero, the router discards or drops the packet and it is removed from the network. Prevents a packet from circulating forever in the network. Protocol An 8-bit value that specifies the upper layer protocol that will receive this packet after decapsulation.

31 IPv4 Packet Header Header Checksum Used for storing error checking code. Source Address IP address of the sending host. Destination Address IP address of the receiving host. Options Additional fields to provide extra services. Rarely used. Padding Used to fill in bits when header data does not end on a 32- bit boundary.

32 Networks: Dividing Hosts into Groups Historically, IP-based network was managed as one large network. As the network grew, so did the issues related to its growth. To alleviate these issues, the large network is separated into smaller that were interconnected. These smaller networks are called subnetworks or subnets. Dividing a network into subnets makes it easier to be managed.

33 Creating Common Groups Hosts can be grouped: Geographically Example: Grouping by office locations. Based on a specific purpose Example: Artists need high bandwidth to create video, but salesperson need 100% reliability and speed. Allows network resources to be allocated accordingly. Based on ownership Example: Certain network can only be accessed by a certain group of people. Provides a boundary for security enforcement

34 Creating Common Groups

35 Creating Common Groups

36 Creating Common Groups

37 Why Separate Hosts into Networks? As network gets larger, the following issues will arise: Performance degradation Security issues Address management Dividing a big network into smaller subnets can solve or reduce the issues above.

38 Performance Degradation Dividing a large network into smaller ones can reduce the broadcast domain. A broadcast is a message sent from one host to all other hosts in the network. Useful for certain applications such as DHCP. Useful for certain applications such as DHCP. A broadcast is sent to all hosts in the same network. By having small networks, a broadcast sent by a host will only be sent to the other hosts in the sending host s network. Managing the size of broadcast domain ensures that network and host performances are not degraded to unacceptable levels.

39 Performance Degradation

40 Security Issues Not all hosts in the network should be accessible by everybody. It is important for the network to provide a way to restrict user access. To ensure that data cannot be accessed by unauthorized users. Security between networks is implemented using an intermediary device (a router or firewall) at the perimeter of the network. Firewall is configured to permit only known, trusted user to access the network. Enable all access to network resources to be prohibited, allowed or monitored.

41 Security Issues

42 Address Management A host needs to know the address of the receiving host in order to send data. For a large network with many hosts, this can cause quite a lot of overhead (e.g. memory). Since a host needs to store the addresses of all the other hosts. This can be solved by grouping hosts together. A host only needs to store addresses of other hosts in the same group. For other destinations, the hosts only need to know the address of the gateway router. A gateway is just a router that serves as an exit from a network.

43 Address Management

44 Hierarchical Addressing Sending data from one network to another can be a difficult task. Need to know where the destination network is. To support data communication between networks over an internetwork, network layer addressing is designed to be hierarchical. The concept is similar to the addressing scheme used in writing an address for the postal service.

45 Hierarchical Addressing

46 Dividing Networks from Networks The 32-bit IPv4 address is hierarchical and is made up of two parts: Network portion identifies the network. Host portion identifies the host on that network. For convenience, IPv4 addresses are divided in four groups of eight bits (octets). An octet is a binary number of eight digits, which equals the decimal numbers from 0 to 255. Each octet is converted to its decimal value and the complete address written as the four decimal values separated by a dot (period). Example: This format is called dotted-decimal notation.

47 Dividing Networks from Networks

48 Dividing Networks from Networks All hosts on a given network share the same network portion, but each of them must have a unique host portion.

49 Dividing Networks from Networks The network portion of an IP address is inherited down through a network hierarchy, as illustrated below.

50 Dividing Networks from Networks The number of bits of an address used as the network portion is called the prefix length. Example: If a network uses 24 bits to express the network portion of an address the prefix is said to be /24. In the devices in an IPv4 network, a 32-bit number called a subnet mask is used to indicate the prefix. Routers in the network only need to check the network portion of an IP address to know how to reach the destination network. No need to know the location of each individual host. Makes it easier and faster for a router to do its task.

51 Dividing Networks from Networks A network can further be divided into smaller networks by using a technique called subnetting. Done by extending the network portion of the address by borrowing bits from the host portion. These borrowed bits are then used as network bits to represent the different subnetworks within the range of the original network. Subnetting allows the network administrator to divide networks to meet different needs, while at the same time ensuring each host has a unique IP address.

52 Routing: How Data Packets are Handled When a packet leaves a host, where the packet go depends on the location of the destination host. Done by examining the network portion of the destination address. If the destination host is on the same network, the packet will be sent to the local network. If the destination host is on a different network, the packet will be delivered to the gateway router. The gateway (also called default gateway) is a door between the local network and the outside network.

53 Routing: How Data Packets are Handled

54 Routing: How Data Packets are Handled In traveling from the source host to the destination host, a packet may cross many networks through many routers. At each router, the router must make a forwarding decision. Decide where to forward the packet next. This process is also known as routing. The packet is then forwarded to the next-hop router. The packet forwarding then becomes the responsibility of the next router. The process is repeated until the packet arrives at the destination host.

55 Gateway: The Way Out of the Network The gateway is a router with one of its interfaces connected to the local network. This interface will have an IP address that has its network portion equal to the network portion of the addresses of the other hosts in the local network. The default gateway must be configured in every hosts in the network. On a Windows computer, the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties tools are used to enter the default gateway address.

56 Gateway: The Way Out of the Network

57 Route: A Path to a Network Each host and router must have routes specified for packets to be forwarded. A route is defined in terms of the next-hop router. For a particular destination address, the packet will be forwarded accordingly based on the route specified on the device. Without a route, the packet cannot be forwarded and may have to be discarded. The routes are stored in the device s routing table. The routing process will use the destination IP address to identify the proper route to be used. Done by referring to the network portion of the destination IP address.

58 Route: A Path to a Network

59 Route: A Path to a Network By default, a device knows the route to the network that it is directly connected to. The network directly attached to the device s network interface. All other routes, however, must be configured or acquired via a routing protocol. These are routes to remote networks. Routes in a routing table have three main features: Destination network Next-hop Metric

60 Route: A Path to a Network

61 Route: A Path to a Network When a packet comes in, the router will check whether the destination network is specified in the routing table. If it is, the packet will be forwarded to the next-hop router specified by that route. If not, the packet will be forwarded to a default route. The default route needs to be configured into the router. If there exists multiple paths to the same destination, the metric is used by the routing process to decide which route will appear in the routing table.

62 Route: A Path to a Network A host also has its own routing table. This table is used to forward packets originating from that host. The host s routing table is derived automatically from the connected network and the configuration of the default gateway. The default gateway acts like the local default route. The routing table of the host contains: Its direct connection or connections to the network. Its own default route to the gateway.

63 Route: A Path to a Network

64 Routing Table Entries The destination network shown in the routing table represents a range of host addresses or a range of network and host addresses. The hierarchical nature of IP address allows one entry to represent a large general network and another entry to represent a subnet in that same network. When forwarding a packet, the router will take the most specific route. A packet may match two entries in the table, one for a subnet, one for a larger, general network. In this case, the route for the subnet will be chosen.

65 Routing Table Entries If a specific subnet is not in the routing table but the larger network that holds the subnet is known, the router will send the packet to the larger network. Trusting that another router will find the subnet. If none of the entry in the routing table matches the destination address, the default route will be chosen. If no default route is configured, the packet has to be dropped.

66 Routing Table Entries Example: Say that a packet arrives with a destination address of Then the precedence would be: Dropped

67 Packet Forwarding: Moving the Packet Toward its Destination Routing is done packet-by-packet and hop-by-hop. Each packet is treated independently in each router along the path. At each hop, the router examines the destination IP address for each packet and then checks the routing table for forwarding information. The router will do one of three things to the packet: Forward it to the next-hop router Forward it to the destination host Drop it

68 Packet Forwarding: Moving the Packet Toward its Destination

69 Packet Forwarding: Moving the Packet Toward its Destination

70 Packet Forwarding: Moving the Packet Toward its Destination

71 Routing Processes: How Routes are Learned Routing requires that every hop, or router, along the path to a packet's destination have a route to forward the packet. Otherwise, the packet is dropped at that hop. The routing table contains the information that a router uses in its packet forwarding decisions. For an efficient routing decision, the routing table must represent the most accurate state of network pathways that the router can access. Out-of-date information may cause the packet to be forwarded to the next-hop that is not very appropriate. This may cause delays or packet loss.

72 Static Routing In static routing, routes to remote networks are manually configured in the router. Default routes are normally statically configured. The decision on routes to be taken must be made by the network administrator. The routes are chosen based on the network administrator s knowledge about the internetwork structure. The administrator will then configure the chosen routes into the router.

73 Static Routing If the internetwork structure changes or if new networks become available, these changes have to be manually updated on the routers involved. Static routing has a high administrative cost. Network administrator has to actively monitor the network to see whether the configured routes are still valid and upto-date. If updating is not done in a timely fashion, the routing information may be incomplete or inaccurate. This will result in packet delays and possible packet loss.

74 Static Routing

75 Dynamic Routing In dynamic routing, routers learn routes automatically from other routers in the same internetwork. Routers send routing updates to each other. Routing messages are sent using a routing protocol. Dynamic routing has higher processing and bandwidth overhead. Due to the need send, receive and process routing messages. However, once configured, the routers can manage routes themselves with little intervention from network administrators.

76 Dynamic Routing

77 Routing Protocols Routing protocol is a set of rules by which routers dynamically share their routing information. When a router detects any change in the network, it will update its routing table and pass this information to the other routers. The change can be in the form of link failures, the availability of a new network, change in link metric, etc. The other routers will receive this update information and in turn will update their routing tables as well. The goal is to make sure all routers in the network to have an up-to-date information about the network.

78 Routing Protocols Routing protocols commonly used in the Internet are: Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Enhanced Interior Gateway Protocol (EIGRP) All routers in the network must be using the same routing protocol. Regardless of the routing protocol used, they all do pretty much the same functions: To distribute updated network information. To update the routing table entries of a router.

SEMESTER 1 Chapter 5 OSI Network Layer V What services does the network layer provide?

SEMESTER 1 Chapter 5 OSI Network Layer V What services does the network layer provide? SEMESTER 1 Chapter 5 OSI Network Layer V 4.0 5.1.1.1 What services does the network layer provide? What are the 4 basic processes used at the network layer? What is the PDU of the network layer? What information

More information

Chapter 5 OSI Network Layer

Chapter 5 OSI Network Layer Chapter 5 OSI Network Layer The protocols of the OSI model Network layer specify addressing and processes that enable Transport layer data to be packaged and transported. The Network layer encapsulation

More information

OSI Network Layer. Network Fundamentals Chapter 5. Version Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1

OSI Network Layer. Network Fundamentals Chapter 5. Version Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1 OSI Network Layer Network Fundamentals Chapter 5 Version 4.0 1 Objectives Identify the role of the Network Layer, as it describes communication from one end device to another end device. Examine the most

More information

Chapter 5 Network Layer

Chapter 5 Network Layer Chapter 5 Network Layer Network Layer IPv4 2 IP Header Application Header + data 3 IP IP IP IP 4 Focus on Transport Layer IP IP 5 Network Layer The Network layer (Layer 3) provides services to exchange

More information

Introduction Layer 3. IP-Header: and RFC-760 Addressing schemes Subnetting Routing. Layer 3 Solution in Trains

Introduction Layer 3. IP-Header:  and RFC-760 Addressing schemes Subnetting Routing. Layer 3 Solution in Trains Chapter 2.3 Layer 3 Network Layer 1 Content Introduction Layer 3 IP Protocol IP-Header: www.ietf.org and RFC-760 Addressing schemes Subnetting Routing Layer 3 Solution in Trains Communication Matrix (Information

More information

Internetwork Protocols

Internetwork Protocols Internetwork Protocols Background to IP IP, and related protocols Internetworking Terms (1) Communications Network Facility that provides data transfer service An internet Collection of communications

More information

Chapter 2 - Part 1. The TCP/IP Protocol: The Language of the Internet

Chapter 2 - Part 1. The TCP/IP Protocol: The Language of the Internet Chapter 2 - Part 1 The TCP/IP Protocol: The Language of the Internet Protocols A protocol is a language or set of rules that two or more computers use to communicate 2 Protocol Analogy: Phone Call Parties

More information

Introduction to Internetworking

Introduction to Internetworking Introduction to Internetworking Introductory terms Communications Network Facility that provides data transfer services An internet Collection of communications networks interconnected by bridges and/or

More information

Computer Networks. Lecture 9 Network and transport layers, IP, TCP, UDP protocols

Computer Networks. Lecture 9 Network and transport layers, IP, TCP, UDP protocols Computer Networks Lecture 9 Network and transport layers, IP, TCP, UDP protocols Network layer The Network layer, or OSI Layer 3, provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network

More information

Chapter 7. Local Area Network Communications Protocols

Chapter 7. Local Area Network Communications Protocols Chapter 7 Local Area Network Communications Protocols The Network Layer The third layer of the OSI Model is the network layer. The network layer is concerned with providing a means for hosts to communicate

More information

The Internet Protocol (IP)

The Internet Protocol (IP) The Internet Protocol (IP) The Blood of the Internet (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11 "Information Superhighway is really an acronym for 'Interactive Network For Organizing, Retrieving, Manipulating, Accessing

More information

CCNA Exploration Network Fundamentals. Chapter 06 Addressing the Network IPv4

CCNA Exploration Network Fundamentals. Chapter 06 Addressing the Network IPv4 CCNA Exploration Network Fundamentals Chapter 06 Addressing the Network IPv4 Updated: 20/05/2008 1 6.0.1 Introduction Addressing is a key function of Network layer protocols that enables data communication

More information

OSI Network Layer. Network Fundamentals Chapter 5. Version Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1

OSI Network Layer. Network Fundamentals Chapter 5. Version Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1 OSI Network Layer Network Fundamentals Chapter 5 Version 4.0 1 Objectives Identify the role of the Network Layer, as it describes communication from one end device to another end device. Examine the most

More information

Internetworking Terms. Internet Structure. Internet Structure. Chapter 15&16 Internetworking. Internetwork Structure & Terms

Internetworking Terms. Internet Structure. Internet Structure. Chapter 15&16 Internetworking. Internetwork Structure & Terms Chapter 15&16 Internetworking Internetwork Structure & Terms Internetworking Architecture Features Connection/Connectionless Architecture Fragmentation & Reassembly Internet Protocol & Services Addressing

More information

B.Sc. (Hons.) Computer Science with Network Security B.Eng. (Hons) Telecommunications B.Sc. (Hons) Business Information Systems

B.Sc. (Hons.) Computer Science with Network Security B.Eng. (Hons) Telecommunications B.Sc. (Hons) Business Information Systems B.Sc. (Hons.) Computer Science with Network Security B.Eng. (Hons) Telecommunications B.Sc. (Hons) Business Information Systems Bridge BTEL/PT BCNS/14/FT BIS/14/FT BTEL/14/FT Examinations for 2014-2015

More information

Network Layer/IP Protocols

Network Layer/IP Protocols Network Layer/IP Protocols 1 Outline IP Datagram (IPv4) NAT Connection less and connection oriented service 2 IPv4 packet header 3 IPv4 Datagram Header Format version of the IP protocol (4 BIts) IP header

More information

Position of IP and other network-layer protocols in TCP/IP protocol suite

Position of IP and other network-layer protocols in TCP/IP protocol suite Position of IP and other network-layer protocols in TCP/IP protocol suite IPv4 is an unreliable datagram protocol a best-effort delivery service. The term best-effort means that IPv4 packets can be corrupted,

More information

Linux System Administration

Linux System Administration IP Addressing Subnetting Objective At the conclusion of this module, the student will be able to: Describe how packets are routed from one network to another Describe the parts and classes of IPv4 address

More information

The Interconnection Structure of. The Internet. EECC694 - Shaaban

The Interconnection Structure of. The Internet. EECC694 - Shaaban The Internet Evolved from the ARPANET (the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), a project funded by The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) in 1969. ARPANET's purpose was to provide the U.S. Defense

More information

IP - The Internet Protocol. Based on the slides of Dr. Jorg Liebeherr, University of Virginia

IP - The Internet Protocol. Based on the slides of Dr. Jorg Liebeherr, University of Virginia IP - The Internet Protocol Based on the slides of Dr. Jorg Liebeherr, University of Virginia Orientation IP (Internet Protocol) is a Network Layer Protocol. IP: The waist of the hourglass IP is the waist

More information

IP Address Assignment

IP Address Assignment IP Address Assignment An IP address does not identify a specific computer. Instead, each IP address identifies a connection between a computer and a network. A computer with multiple network connections

More information

SEN366 (SEN374) (Introduction to) Computer Networks

SEN366 (SEN374) (Introduction to) Computer Networks SEN366 (SEN374) (Introduction to) Computer Networks Prof. Dr. Hasan Hüseyin BALIK (12 th Week) The Internet Protocol 12.Outline Principles of Internetworking Internet Protocol Operation Internet Protocol

More information

EE 610 Part 2: Encapsulation and network utilities

EE 610 Part 2: Encapsulation and network utilities EE 610 Part 2: Encapsulation and network utilities Objective: After this experiment, the students should be able to: i. Understand the format of standard frames and packet headers. Overview: The Open Systems

More information

This talk will cover the basics of IP addressing and subnetting. Topics covered will include:

This talk will cover the basics of IP addressing and subnetting. Topics covered will include: This talk will cover the basics of IP addressing and subnetting. Topics covered will include: What is an IP Address? What are Classes? What is a Network Address? What are Subnet Masks and Subnet Addresses?

More information

The Internet. The Internet is an interconnected collection of netw orks.

The Internet. The Internet is an interconnected collection of netw orks. The Internet The Internet is an interconnected collection of netw orks. Internetw orking-1 Internetworking! Communications Network: A facility that provides a data transfer service among stations attached

More information

CHAPTER-2 IP CONCEPTS

CHAPTER-2 IP CONCEPTS CHAPTER-2 IP CONCEPTS Page: 1 IP Concepts IP is a very important protocol in modern internetworking; you can't really comprehend modern networking without a good understanding of IP. Unfortunately, IP

More information

TCP /IP Fundamentals Mr. Cantu

TCP /IP Fundamentals Mr. Cantu TCP /IP Fundamentals Mr. Cantu OSI Model and TCP/IP Model Comparison TCP / IP Protocols (Application Layer) The TCP/IP subprotocols listed in this layer are services that support a number of network functions:

More information

Chapter Motivation For Internetworking

Chapter Motivation For Internetworking Chapter 17-20 Internetworking Part 1 (Concept, IP Addressing, IP Routing, IP Datagrams, Address Resolution 1 Motivation For Internetworking LANs Low cost Limited distance WANs High cost Unlimited distance

More information

ET4254 Communications and Networking 1

ET4254 Communications and Networking 1 Topic 9 Internet Protocols Aims:- basic protocol functions internetworking principles connectionless internetworking IP IPv6 IPSec 1 Protocol Functions have a small set of functions that form basis of

More information

ECE4110 Internetwork Programming. Introduction and Overview

ECE4110 Internetwork Programming. Introduction and Overview ECE4110 Internetwork Programming Introduction and Overview 1 EXAMPLE GENERAL NETWORK ALGORITHM Listen to wire Are signals detected Detect a preamble Yes Read Destination Address No data carrying or noise?

More information

Prof. Shervin Shirmohammadi SITE, University of Ottawa. Internet Protocol (IP) Lecture 2: Prof. Shervin Shirmohammadi CEG

Prof. Shervin Shirmohammadi SITE, University of Ottawa. Internet Protocol (IP) Lecture 2: Prof. Shervin Shirmohammadi CEG Lecture 2: Internet Protocol (IP) Prof. Shervin Shirmohammadi SITE, University of Ottawa Prof. Shervin Shirmohammadi CEG 4185 2-1 Network Layer Provides the upper layers with independence from the data

More information

THE OSI MODEL. Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data-Link Physical. OSI Model. Chapter 1 Review.

THE OSI MODEL. Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data-Link Physical. OSI Model. Chapter 1 Review. THE OSI MODEL Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data-Link Physical OSI Model Chapter 1 Review By: Allan Johnson Table of Contents Go There! Go There! Go There! Go There! Go There! Go There!

More information

II. Principles of Computer Communications Network and Transport Layer

II. Principles of Computer Communications Network and Transport Layer II. Principles of Computer Communications Network and Transport Layer A. Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 Header An IP datagram consists of a header part and a text part. The header has a 20-byte fixed part

More information

EEC-484/584 Computer Networks

EEC-484/584 Computer Networks EEC-484/584 Computer Networks Lecture 13 wenbing@ieee.org (Lecture nodes are based on materials supplied by Dr. Louise Moser at UCSB and Prentice-Hall) Outline 2 Review of lecture 12 Routing Congestion

More information

PART X. Internetworking Part 1. (Concept, IP Addressing, IP Routing, IP Datagrams, Address Resolution)

PART X. Internetworking Part 1. (Concept, IP Addressing, IP Routing, IP Datagrams, Address Resolution) PART X Internetworking Part 1 (Concept, IP Addressing, IP Routing, IP Datagrams, Address Resolution) CS422 Part 10 1 Spring 1999 Motivation For Internetworking LANs Low cost Limited distance WANs High

More information

Lecture 8. Basic Internetworking (IP) Outline. Basic Internetworking (IP) Basic Internetworking (IP) Service Model

Lecture 8. Basic Internetworking (IP) Outline. Basic Internetworking (IP) Basic Internetworking (IP) Service Model Lecture 8 Basic Internetworking (IP) Reminder: Homework 3, Programming Project 2 due on Tuesday. An example internet is shown at right. Routers or gateways are used to connect different physical networks.

More information

IP : Internet Protocol

IP : Internet Protocol 1/20 IP : Internet Protocol Surasak Sanguanpong nguan@ku.ac.th http://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~nguan Last updated: July 30, 1999 Agenda 2/20 IP functions IP header format Routing architecture IP layer 3/20 defines

More information

Lecture 8. Reminder: Homework 3, Programming Project 2 due on Thursday. Questions? Tuesday, September 20 CS 475 Networks - Lecture 8 1

Lecture 8. Reminder: Homework 3, Programming Project 2 due on Thursday. Questions? Tuesday, September 20 CS 475 Networks - Lecture 8 1 Lecture 8 Reminder: Homework 3, Programming Project 2 due on Thursday. Questions? Tuesday, September 20 CS 475 Networks - Lecture 8 1 Outline Chapter 3 - Internetworking 3.1 Switching and Bridging 3.2

More information

Network Basic v0.1. Network Basic v0.1. Chapter 3 Internet Protocol. Chapter 3. Internet Protocol

Network Basic v0.1. Network Basic v0.1. Chapter 3 Internet Protocol. Chapter 3. Internet Protocol Network Basic v0.1 Chapter 3. Internet Protocol 1 Network Basic v0.1 Chapter 3 Internet Protocol 1. The Role of Network Layer 2. IP Protocol Feature 3. IP Packet Routing 5. DHCP 6. NAT 2 1 네트워크 ICONs 3

More information

MODULE: NETWORKS MODULE CODE: CAN1102C. Duration: 2 Hours 15 Mins. Instructions to Candidates:

MODULE: NETWORKS MODULE CODE: CAN1102C. Duration: 2 Hours 15 Mins. Instructions to Candidates: BSc.(Hons) Computer Science with Network Security BEng (Hons) Telecommunications Cohort: BCNS/17B/FT Examinations for 2017-2018 / Semester 2 Resit Examinations for BCNS/15A/FT, BTEL/15B/FT & BTEL/16B/FT

More information

CS118 Discussion, Week 6. Taqi

CS118 Discussion, Week 6. Taqi CS118 Discussion, Week 6 Taqi 1 Outline Network Layer IP NAT DHCP Project 2 spec 2 Network layer: overview Basic functions for network layer Routing Forwarding Connection v.s. connection-less delivery

More information

Network Layer PREPARED BY AHMED ABDEL-RAOUF

Network Layer PREPARED BY AHMED ABDEL-RAOUF Network Layer PREPARED BY AHMED ABDEL-RAOUF Network layer transport segment from sending to receiving host on sending side encapsulates segments into datagrams on receiving side, delivers segments to transport

More information

Introduction. IP Datagrams. Internet Service Paradigm. Routers and Routing Tables. Datagram Forwarding. Example Internet and Conceptual Routing Table

Introduction. IP Datagrams. Internet Service Paradigm. Routers and Routing Tables. Datagram Forwarding. Example Internet and Conceptual Routing Table Introduction Datagram Forwarding Gail Hopkins Service paradigm IP datagrams Routing Encapsulation Fragmentation Reassembly Internet Service Paradigm IP Datagrams supports both connectionless and connection-oriented

More information

Lecture 3. The Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1

Lecture 3. The Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1 Lecture 3 The Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1 Agenda The Network Layer (cont d) What is inside a router? Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 fragmentation and addressing IP Address Classes and Subnets

More information

Data Communication Prof. A. Pal Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture 34 TCP/ IP I

Data Communication Prof. A. Pal Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture 34 TCP/ IP I Data Communication Prof. A. Pal Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture 34 TCP/ IP I Hello and welcome to today s lecture on TCP/IP. (Refer Slide

More information

Vorlesung Kommunikationsnetze

Vorlesung Kommunikationsnetze Picture 15 13 Vorlesung Kommunikationsnetze Prof. Dr. H. P. Großmann mit B. Wiegel sowie A. Schmeiser und M. Rabel Sommersemester 2009 Institut für Organisation und Management von Informationssystemen

More information

ECE 158A: Lecture 7. Fall 2015

ECE 158A: Lecture 7. Fall 2015 ECE 158A: Lecture 7 Fall 2015 Outline We have discussed IP shortest path routing Now we have a closer look at the IP addressing mechanism We are still at the networking layer, we will examine: IP Headers

More information

TCP/IP and the OSI Model

TCP/IP and the OSI Model TCP/IP BASICS TCP/IP and the OSI Model TCP/IP BASICS The network protocol of the Internet Composed of six main protocols IP Internet Protocol UDP User Datagram Protocol TCP Transmission Control Protocol

More information

Network Layer Week 5. Module : Computer Networks Lecturer: Lucy White Office : 324

Network Layer Week 5. Module : Computer Networks Lecturer: Lucy White Office : 324 Network Layer Week 5 Module : Computer Networks Lecturer: Lucy White lbwhite@wit.ie Office : 324 1 Network Layer Network Layer Protocols Common Network Layer Protocols Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)

More information

Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1

Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 ICND1 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 Volume 2 Version 1.0 Student Guide Editorial, Production, and Web Services: 07.25.07 DISCLAIMER WARRANTY: THIS CONTENT IS BEING PROVIDED AS IS. CISCO

More information

Inter-networking. Problem. 3&4-Internetworking.key - September 20, LAN s are great but. We want to connect them together. ...

Inter-networking. Problem. 3&4-Internetworking.key - September 20, LAN s are great but. We want to connect them together. ... 1 Inter-networking COS 460 & 540 2 Problem 3 LAN s are great but We want to connect them together...across the world Inter-networking 4 Internet Protocol (IP) Routing The Internet Multicast* Multi-protocol

More information

Why we need to divide network?

Why we need to divide network? Content Introduction Layer 3 IP Protocol IP-Header: www.ietf.org and RFC-760 Addressing Schemes Subnetting Routing Layer 3 Solution in Trains Communication Matrix (Information Based Communication) 53 Why

More information

Network Layer. Goals of This Lecture. Internet Reference Model. Outline of the Class

Network Layer. Goals of This Lecture. Internet Reference Model. Outline of the Class Goals of This Lecture Network Layer Kuang Chiu Huang TCM NCKU Through the lecture and in-class discussion, students are enabled to describe role and functions of the network layer, and compare different

More information

Chapter 19 Network Layer: Logical Addressing

Chapter 19 Network Layer: Logical Addressing Chapter 19 Network Layer: Logical Addressing 19.1 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 19.2 19-1 IPv4 ADDRESSES An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address

More information

Internet Protocols (chapter 18)

Internet Protocols (chapter 18) Internet Protocols (chapter 18) CSE 3213 Fall 2011 Internetworking Terms 1 TCP/IP Concepts Connectionless Operation Internetworking involves connectionless operation at the level of the Internet Protocol

More information

Networks. an overview. dr. C. P. J. Koymans. Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam. February 4, 2008

Networks. an overview. dr. C. P. J. Koymans. Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam. February 4, 2008 Networks an overview dr. C. P. J. Koymans Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam February 4, 2008 dr. C. P. J. Koymans (UvA) Networks February 4, 2008 1 / 53 1 Network modeling Layered networks

More information

CSE/EE 461 The Network Layer. Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

CSE/EE 461 The Network Layer. Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical CSE/EE 461 The Network Layer Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical This Lecture Focus: What to do when one wire isn t big enough? Point to point link Broadcast link (Ethernet

More information

Introduction to Local and Wide Area Networks

Introduction to Local and Wide Area Networks Introduction to Local and Wide Area Networks Lecturers Amnach Khawne Jirasak Sittigorn Chapter 1 1 Network Fundamentals Chapter 5 : OSI Network Layer Chapter 6 : Addressing the Network IPv4 Chapter 11

More information

CS610 Computer Network Final Term Papers Solved MCQs with reference by Virtualians Social Network

CS610 Computer Network Final Term Papers Solved MCQs with reference by Virtualians Social Network CS610 Computer Network Final Term Papers Solved MCQs with reference by Virtualians Social Network Question No: 1( M a r k s: 1 ) A ---------- Relies on the hardware manufacturer to assign a unique physical

More information

Ref: A. Leon Garcia and I. Widjaja, Communication Networks, 2 nd Ed. McGraw Hill, 2006 Latest update of this lecture was on

Ref: A. Leon Garcia and I. Widjaja, Communication Networks, 2 nd Ed. McGraw Hill, 2006 Latest update of this lecture was on IP Version 4 (IPv4) Header (Continued) Identification (16 bits): One of the parameters of any network is the maximum transmission unit (MTU) parameter. This parameter specifies the maximum size of the

More information

Networking: Network Layer

Networking: Network Layer CS 4410 Operating Systems Networking: Network Layer Summer 2013 Cornell University 1 Today How packages are exchanged in a WAN? Network Layer IP Naming Subnetwork Forwarding Routing Algorithms 2 Protocol

More information

Guide to Networking Essentials, 6 th Edition. Chapter 5: Network Protocols

Guide to Networking Essentials, 6 th Edition. Chapter 5: Network Protocols Guide to Networking Essentials, 6 th Edition Chapter 5: Network Protocols Objectives Describe the purpose of a network protocol, the layers in the TCP/IP architecture, and the protocols in each TCP/IP

More information

Chapter 6: Network Layer

Chapter 6: Network Layer Chapter 6: Network Layer CCNA Routing and Switching Introduction to Networks v6.0 Chapter 6 - Sections & Objectives 6.1 Network Layer Protocols Explain how network layer protocols and services support

More information

ECPE / COMP 177 Fall Some slides from Kurose and Ross, Computer Networking, 5 th Edition

ECPE / COMP 177 Fall Some slides from Kurose and Ross, Computer Networking, 5 th Edition ECPE / COMP 177 Fall 2016 Some slides from Kurose and Ross, Computer Networking, 5 th Edition Course Organization Top-Down! Starting with Applications / App programming Then Transport Layer (TCP/UDP) Then

More information

RMIT University. Data Communication and Net-Centric Computing COSC 1111/2061. Lecture 2. Internetworking IPv4, IPv6

RMIT University. Data Communication and Net-Centric Computing COSC 1111/2061. Lecture 2. Internetworking IPv4, IPv6 RMIT University Data Communication and Net-Centric Computing COSC 1111/2061 Internetworking IPv4, IPv6 Technology Slide 1 Lecture Overview During this lecture, we will understand The principles of Internetworking

More information

ECE 4450:427/527 - Computer Networks Spring 2017

ECE 4450:427/527 - Computer Networks Spring 2017 ECE 4450:427/527 - Computer Networks Spring 2017 Dr. Nghi Tran Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Lecture 6.2: IP Dr. Nghi Tran (ECE-University of Akron) ECE 4450:427/527 Computer Networks

More information

Lecture 8. Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1

Lecture 8. Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1 Lecture 8 Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1 Agenda The Network Layer (cont d) What is inside a router Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 fragmentation and addressing IP Address Classes and Subnets Network

More information

EC441 Fall 2018 Introduction to Computer Networking Chapter4: Network Layer Data Plane

EC441 Fall 2018 Introduction to Computer Networking Chapter4: Network Layer Data Plane EC441 Fall 2018 Introduction to Computer Networking Chapter4: Network Layer Data Plane This presentation is adapted from slides produced by Jim Kurose and Keith Ross for their book, Computer Networking:

More information

IP - The Internet Protocol

IP - The Internet Protocol IP - The Internet Protocol 1 Orientation IP s current version is Version 4 (IPv4). It is specified in RFC 891. TCP UDP Transport Layer ICMP IP IGMP Network Layer ARP Network Access Link Layer Media 2 IP:

More information

EITF25 Internet Techniques and Applications L7: Internet. Stefan Höst

EITF25 Internet Techniques and Applications L7: Internet. Stefan Höst EITF25 Internet Techniques and Applications L7: Internet Stefan Höst What is Internet? Internet consists of a number of networks that exchange data according to traffic agreements. All networks in Internet

More information

IP Protocols. ALTTC/Oct

IP Protocols. ALTTC/Oct IP Protocols Internet or IP technology over the years has emerged as the most prominent data communication technology. TCP/IP protocol has become de-facto data comm standard throughout the world. It can

More information

Introduction to Internet. Ass. Prof. J.Y. Tigli University of Nice Sophia Antipolis

Introduction to Internet. Ass. Prof. J.Y. Tigli University of Nice Sophia Antipolis Introduction to Internet Ass. Prof. J.Y. Tigli University of Nice Sophia Antipolis What about inter-networks communications? Between LANs? Ethernet?? Ethernet Example Similarities and Differences between

More information

IPv4. Christian Grothoff.

IPv4. Christian Grothoff. IPv4 christian@grothoff.org http://grothoff.org/christian/ Sites need to be able to interact in one single, universal space. Tim Berners-Lee 1 The Network Layer Transports datagrams from sending to receiving

More information

IPv4 addressing, NAT. Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 6 th edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley.

IPv4 addressing, NAT. Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 6 th edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley. IPv4 addressing, NAT http://xkcd.com/195/ Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 6 th edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley Some materials copyright 1996-2012 J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross, All Rights

More information

Chapter 4 Network Layer: The Data Plane

Chapter 4 Network Layer: The Data Plane Chapter 4 Network Layer: The Data Plane A note on the use of these Powerpoint slides: We re making these slides freely available to all (faculty, students, readers). They re in PowerPoint form so you see

More information

Review for Chapter 4 R1,R2,R3,R7,R10,R11,R16,R17,R19,R22,R24, R26,R30 P1,P2,P4,P7,P10,P11,P12,P14,P15,P16,P17,P22,P24,P29,P30

Review for Chapter 4 R1,R2,R3,R7,R10,R11,R16,R17,R19,R22,R24, R26,R30 P1,P2,P4,P7,P10,P11,P12,P14,P15,P16,P17,P22,P24,P29,P30 Review for Chapter 4 R1,R2,R3,R7,R10,R11,R16,R17,R19,R22,R24, R26,R30 P1,P2,P4,P7,P10,P11,P12,P14,P15,P16,P17,P22,P24,P29,P30 R1. Let s review some of the terminology used in this textbook. Recall that

More information

Chapter 8: Subnetting IP Networks CCENT Routing and Switching Introduction to Networks v6.0

Chapter 8: Subnetting IP Networks CCENT Routing and Switching Introduction to Networks v6.0 Chapter 8: Subnetting IP Networks CCENT Routing and Switching Introduction to Networks v6.0 CCNET v6 13 Chapter 8 - Sections & Objectives 8.1 Subnetting an IPv4 Network Explain how subnetting segments

More information

Internetworking Part 2

Internetworking Part 2 CMPE 344 Computer Networks Spring 2012 Internetworking Part 2 Reading: Peterson and Davie, 3.2, 4.1 19/04/2012 1 Aim and Problems Aim: Build networks connecting millions of users around the globe spanning

More information

EP2120 Internetworking/Internetteknik IK2218 Internets Protokoll och Principer

EP2120 Internetworking/Internetteknik IK2218 Internets Protokoll och Principer EP2120 Internetworking/Internetteknik IK2218 Internets Protokoll och Principer Homework Assignment 1 (Solutions due 20:00, Mon., 10 Sept. 2018) (Review due 20:00, Wed., 12 Sept. 2018) 1. IPv4 Addressing

More information

APPENDIX F THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE

APPENDIX F THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE APPENDIX F THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE William Stallings F.1 TCP/IP LAYERS... 2 F.2 TCP AND UDP... 4 F.3 OPERATION OF TCP/IP... 6 F.4 TCP/IP APPLICATIONS... 10 Copyright 2014 Supplement to Computer

More information

Where we are in the Course

Where we are in the Course Network Layer Where we are in the Course Moving on up to the Network Layer! Application Transport Network Link Physical CSE 461 University of Washington 2 Network Layer How to connect different link layer

More information

ELEC / COMP 177 Fall Some slides from Kurose and Ross, Computer Networking, 5 th Edition

ELEC / COMP 177 Fall Some slides from Kurose and Ross, Computer Networking, 5 th Edition ELEC / COMP 177 Fall 2016 Some slides from Kurose and Ross, Computer Networking, 5 th Edition Presentation 2 Security/Privacy Presentations Nov 3 rd, Nov 10 th, Nov 15 th Upload slides to Canvas by midnight

More information

LOGICAL ADDRESSING. Faisal Karim Shaikh.

LOGICAL ADDRESSING. Faisal Karim Shaikh. LOGICAL ADDRESSING Faisal Karim Shaikh faisal.shaikh@faculty.muet.edu.pk DEWSNet Group Dependable Embedded Wired/Wireless Networks www.fkshaikh.com/dewsnet IPv4 ADDRESSES An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address

More information

Lecture 11: Networks & Networking

Lecture 11: Networks & Networking Lecture 11: Networks & Networking Contents Distributed systems Network types Network standards ISO and TCP/IP network models Internet architecture IP addressing IP datagrams AE4B33OSS Lecture 11 / Page

More information

Goals and topics. Verkkomedian perusteet Fundamentals of Network Media T Circuit switching networks. Topics. Packet-switching networks

Goals and topics. Verkkomedian perusteet Fundamentals of Network Media T Circuit switching networks. Topics. Packet-switching networks Verkkomedian perusteet Fundamentals of Media T-110.250 19.2.2002 Antti Ylä-Jääski 19.2.2002 / AYJ lide 1 Goals and topics protocols Discuss how packet-switching networks differ from circuit switching networks.

More information

Lecture 8 Network Layer: Logical addressing

Lecture 8 Network Layer: Logical addressing Data Communications ACOE412 Lecture 8 Network Layer: Logical addressing Spring 2009 1 0. Overview In this lecture we will cover the following topics: 14.Network Layer: Logical addressing 14.1 IPv4 Addresses

More information

Chapter 8: Subnetting IP Networks

Chapter 8: Subnetting IP Networks Chapter 8: Subnetting IP Networks Designing, implementing and managing an effective IP addressing plan ensures that networks can operate effectively and efficiently. This is especially true as the number

More information

IP Routing & Bridging

IP Routing & Bridging CHAPTER 2 TCP/IP Routing: Ethernet Dialog Box To access this dialog box (Figure 2-1), select Ethernet/TCP/IP Routing from the Device View. Figure 2-1 TCP/IP Routing: Ethernet Configuration Dialog Box If

More information

CS475 Networks Lecture 8 Chapter 3 Internetworking. Ethernet or Wi-Fi).

CS475 Networks Lecture 8 Chapter 3 Internetworking. Ethernet or Wi-Fi). Assignments Reading for Lecture 9: Section 3.3 3.2 Basic Internetworking (IP) Bridges and LAN switches from last section have limited ability CS475 Networks Lecture 8 Chapter 3 Internetworking is a logical

More information

INTERNET SYSTEM. Internet Protocol. Kent State University Dept. of Computer Science. CS 4/55231 Internet Engineering. Large Scale Networking

INTERNET SYSTEM. Internet Protocol. Kent State University Dept. of Computer Science. CS 4/55231 Internet Engineering. Large Scale Networking CS 4/55231 Internet Engineering Kent State University Dept. of Computer Science LECT-6 SYSTEM 1 2 Large Scale Networking No Single Technology can Adequately Serve Every One s Need. Each LAN/ WAN has specific

More information

Lab 8 (IP Addressing)

Lab 8 (IP Addressing) Islamic University of Gaza Faculty of engineering Computer Department. Computer Network Lab ECOM 4121 Prepared by : Eng. Eman Al- Kurdi Lab 8 (IP Addressing) Introduction: Each device on a network must

More information

Lecture (06) Network Access layer fundamentals (4) LAN, & WAN Internetwork Layer I

Lecture (06) Network Access layer fundamentals (4) LAN, & WAN Internetwork Layer I Lecture (06) Network Access layer fundamentals (4) LAN, & WAN Internetwork Layer I By: Dr. Ahmed ElShafee ١ Agenda OSI Layer 2 of WANs Internetwork layer Introduction Network Layer Interaction with the

More information

OSI Data Link & Network Layer

OSI Data Link & Network Layer OSI Data Link & Network Layer Erkki Kukk 1 Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Compare OSI and TCP/IP model 2 Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Explain protocol data units (PDU) and encapsulation 3 Addressing

More information

Business Data Communications and Networking

Business Data Communications and Networking Business Data Communications and Networking 10th Edition Jerry Fitzgerald and Alan Dennis John Wiley & Sons, Inc http://alainmaterials.webs.com/ Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 5-1 Chapter 5 TCP/IP

More information

McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 !! McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 "#$% & '$# )1 ) ) )6 ) )* )- ). )0 )1! )11 )1 )1 )16 )1 3'' 4", ( ( $ ( $ $$+, $$, /+ & 23,4 )/+ &4 $ 53" Network Layer Position of network layer Figure

More information

OSI Data Link & Network Layer

OSI Data Link & Network Layer OSI Data Link & Network Layer Erkki Kukk 1 Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Compare OSI and TCP/IP model 2 Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Explain protocol data units (PDU) and encapsulation 3 Addressing

More information

CCNA 1: Chapter 2 Exam Answer v %

CCNA 1: Chapter 2 Exam Answer v % 1. Refer to the exhibit. Cell A at IP address 10.0.0.34 has established an IP session with IP Phone 1? at IP address 172.16.1.103. Based upon the graphic, which device type best describes the function

More information

Department of Computer and IT Engineering University of Kurdistan. Network Layer. By: Dr. Alireza Abdollahpouri

Department of Computer and IT Engineering University of Kurdistan. Network Layer. By: Dr. Alireza Abdollahpouri Department of Computer and IT Engineering University of Kurdistan Network Layer By: Dr. Alireza Abdollahpouri What s the Internet: nuts and bolts view PC server wireless laptop cellular handheld millions

More information

Internetworking. different kinds of network technologies that can be interconnected by routers and other networking devices to create an internetwork

Internetworking. different kinds of network technologies that can be interconnected by routers and other networking devices to create an internetwork UNIT - II Internetworking An internetwork is a collection of individual networks, connected by intermediate networking devices, that functions as a single large network. different kinds of network technologies

More information

TSIN02 - Internetworking

TSIN02 - Internetworking Lecture 2: Internet Protocol Literature: Forouzan: ch (4-6), 7-9 and ch 31 2004 Image Coding Group, Linköpings Universitet Lecture 2: IP Goals: Understand the benefits Understand the architecture IPv4

More information