X.media.publishing. Multimedia Systems. Bearbeitet von Ralf Steinmetz, Klara Nahrstedt

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1 X.media.publishing Multimedia Systems Bearbeitet von Ralf Steinmetz, Klara Nahrstedt 1. Auflage Buch. xvi, 466 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 17,8 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 2510 g Weitere Fachgebiete > EDV, Informatik > Hardwaretechnische Grundlagen > Systemverwaltung & Management Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Contents Preface...v 1 Introduction Interdisciplinary Aspects of Multimedia Contents of This Book Organization of This Book Quality of Service Multimedia Operating Systems Multimedia Networking and Communication Synchronization Further Reading About Multimedia Quality of Service Requirements and Constraint The Notion of Real-Time Deadlines Characteristics of Real-Time Systems Real-time Requirements on Multimedia Systems Service and Protocol Requirements Processing and Communication Constraints...15 ix

3 x Contents 2.2 Quality of Service Concepts Quality Layering Service Objects QoS Specification QoS Parameter Values and Service Classes Quality-Aware Service Model Resources Resource Management Requirements on Resource Management Model for Continuous Streams Establishment Phase QoS Negotiation QoS Translation QoS Scaling QoS Routing Admission Control Reservation Run-time Phase of Multimedia Call Traffic Shaping Rate Control Error Control QoS and Resource Monitoring QoS Renegotiation and Adaptation QoS Management Architectures Closing Remarks Multimedia Operating Systems Process Management Real-Time Processing Requirements Traditional Real-Time Scheduling Real-time Scheduling: System Model Soft-Real-Time Scheduling Concepts Scheduling Policies Prototype Operating Systems: Case Studies...103

4 Contents xi 3.2 Interprocess Communication and Synchronization Memory Management Reservation Concept for Memory Management Buffer Management Techniques Buffer Management for Client/Server Systems Device Management System Architecture UNIX-based Systems QuickTime Windows Multimedia Extensions OS/2 Multimedia Presentation Manager/ Concluding Remarks Media Server Architecture Storage Devices Disk Layout Zone Bit Recording File Structure Disk Controller Data Placement Reorganization Storage Management Disk Management Traditional Disk Scheduling Multimedia Disk Scheduling Admission Control Replication Supporting Heterogeneous Disks File Systems Traditional File Systems Multimedia File Systems Example Multimedia File Systems Memory Management Interval Caching Policy...181

5 xii Contents Generalized Interval Caching Policy Batching Piggybacking Content Insertion Networks Services, Protocols, Layers Requirements to Services and Protocols The Layers of the ISO-OSI Model Networks Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Token Ring VG AnyLAN Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) ATM Networks Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) Orwell MAN Connection to ATM Networks Wide Area Networks (WANs) Traditional WANs B-ISDN over ATM Closing Remarks Communication Transport Subsystem Requirements and Constraints User and Application Requirements Processing and Protocol Constraints Traditional Network Protocols and Their Support for Multimedia Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Multicast Support Traditional Transport Protocols and Their Support of Multimedia Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP)...263

6 Contents xiii 6.4 New Protocols for Support of Network Quality of Service Reservation Concept Early Reservation-based Protocols Internet Integrated Services Resource Reservation Protocol Alternative Reservation Approaches Internet Differentiated Services New Protocols for Transport of Multimedia Early Multimedia Transport Protocols Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) Handling of Heterogeneous Requirements in Multicast Scenarios Reliable Multicast Transmission Closing Remarks Group Communication Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) Dimensions of CSCW Architecture Establishing Communication Relationships (Group Rendezvous) Joint Use of Applications Conferences Conference Control Session Management Architecture Session Control Internet Protocols and their Use in MBone Protocols MBone Applications Cooperation of Protocols in an MBone Session Closing Remarks Synchronization Defining "Synchronization" Intra- and Inter-object Synchronization Time-dependent Presentation Units...323

7 xiv Contents 8.2 Particularities of Synchronization in Multimedia Systems Overview Requirements to Lip Synchronization Requirements to Pointer Synchronization Elementary Media Synchronization Analysis of Existing Synchronization Mechanisms Requirements to the Presentation Reference Elements for Synchronization Synchronization Types Live Synchronization Overview Synthetic Synchronization Overview Variants of Live Synchronization Synthetic Synchronization System Components Involved in Synchronization A Reference Model for Multimedia Synchronization Existing Classification Methods The Synchronization Reference Model Synchronization in a Distributed Environment Characteristics of the Synchronization Reference Model Sychronization Specification Quality of Service in the Context of Synchronization Specification Methods for Multimedia Synchronization Interval-based Specification Axis-based Synchronization Control-flow-based Specification Events-based Synchronization Scripts Summary of Synchronization Specification Methods Case Studies Synchronization in MHEG HyTime The Firefly System The MODE System Multimedia Tele-Orchestra Little's Framework...398

8 Contents xv ACME Other Synchronization-specific Systems Summary and Discussion Bibliography Index...445

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