Web Services: Introduction and overview. Outline

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1 Web Services: Introduction and overview 1 Outline Introduction and overview Web Services model Components / protocols In the Web Services model Web Services protocol stack Examples 2 1

2 Introduction and overview Services offered via the Web Typical Web services scenario: Business application sends request to service at given URL Using SOAP (protocol) over HTTP Service Receives request Processes it Returns response 3 Introduction and overview Common example (simple) Stock quote request Current price of specified stock Response: stock price One of simplest forms of Web service Request filled almost immediately Request and response parts of same method call 4 2

3 Another example Service: map out efficient route for delivery of goods Business sends request Containing delivery destinations Service processes Determine most cost-effective delivery route Time to return response depends on complexity of routing Response probably sent as operation is separate from request 5 Predominantly B-to-B Enterprise can be provider & consumer E.g., wholesale distributor of spices Consumer role: check availability of vanilla beans Provider role: supply prospective customers different vendors' prices for vanilla beans 6 3

4 Web application Dynamic extension of Web server Two types: Presentation-oriented: Generate dynamic Web pages w/various markup HTML, XML, Respond to requests Service-oriented: Implement endpoint of Web service Often invoked by presentationoriented applications 7 Web Services Based on XML, lots of Java Still under development Lots of buzz CACM, Oct IEEE Computer, Oct

5 Web Services model Service Provider Invoke / Bind Publish Service Requestor Query / Find Service Registry 9 Components / protocols All XML-based SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol Communication documents WSDL: Web Service Description Language Service description UDDI: Universal Description, Discovery and Integration Service discovery 10 5

6 In the Web Services model Service Provider 3. Invoke / Bind (SOAP + WSDL) Internet 1. Publish (WSDL) Service Requestor / Client 2. Query / Find (UDDI + WSDL ) Service Registry & Directory 11 Communication (SOAP) Exchange documents In SOAP XML 12 6

7 Service description (WSDL) Tell the outside world: Interface definition: what kinds of documents it exchanges URI address: where it lives Binding: which transport protocols it can use to exchange documents In WSDL 13 Service registry & discovery (UDDI) UDDI deals with registering and discovery of Web services UDDI registry is the yellow pages to discover Web services 14 7

8 Web Services protocol stack UDDI SOAP XML Transport protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, etc.) 15 SOAP Communications protocol Initially created by Microsoft Provides platform and language independence 16 8

9 SOAP transaction Client SOAP Transport Supplier SOAP (from Oracle) 17 Structure of SOAP message <SOAP:Envelope xmlns:soap= " <SOAP:Header> <!-- content of header goes here --> </SOAP:Header> <SOAP:Body> <!-- content of body goes here --> </SOAP:Body> </SOAP:Envelope> Envelope features child elements that contain message header and body elements 18 9

10 SOAP message containing an e-ticket SOAPAction header indicates message s purpose. In realworld scenario, message would contain additional information, including sender s credentials 19 SOAP RPC call To find out if flight is on time, Joe sends string containing airline s name and integer with flight number 20 10

11 SOAP RPC response travel service responds to Joe s request with structured value containing subvalues for gate number + flight status 21 WSDL XML based Used to describe and expose Web Services Developed by IBM and Microsoft WSDL document provides Abstract Description and Concrete Binding Information 22 11

12 WSDL doc structure (from Oracle) 23 WSDL Abstract Description 3 main components Vocabulary Message Interaction 24 12

13 WSDL Abstract Description string and int data types, def d in XSD, + 2 other datatypes def d in external schema: FlightInfoType and Ticket, (imported earlier in WSDL file) 25 WSDL Concrete Binding Information 3 pieces What communication protocol: SOAP over HTTP? How to accomplish service interactions Individual service interactions over this protocol Where to terminate communication The network address 26 13

14 WSDL Concrete Binding Information

15 UDDI Service discovery Common repository to advertise Provides 2 basic specifications Organizing structure Categorization 29 UDDI Organizing Structure Encodes 3 types of information white pages (name, addr) yellow pages (categorized) green pages (tech info) Organized around two entities businessentity businessservice 30 15

16 Simplified businessentity structure

17 Simplified businessservice structure

18 UDDI Categorization Taxonomy and tmodels 3 standard taxonomies North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Universal Standard Products and Services Code System (UNSPSC) International Organization for Standardization Geographic taxonomy (ISO 3166) 35 Sample tmodel definition 36 18

19 Current Web Services Directories UDDI business registry (UBR) (~250) (~540) 37 What s Next? Security SOAP Security Extensions proposal Reliability Reliable SOAP standard? Quality-of-service (QoS) Popular = heavy loads 38 19

20 Summary All based XML All still under development SOAP + WSDL + UDDI Security, Reliability, QoS next 39 References Curbera, F.; Duftler, M.; Khalaf, R.; Nagy, W.; Mukhi, N.; Weerawarana, S., Unraveling the Web services web: an introduction to SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI, IEEE Internet Computing Volume: 6, Issue: 2, March-April 2002, pp H. M. Deitel et al., Web Services A Technical Introduction (New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 2003) S. Short, Building XML Web Services for the Microsoft.NET Platform (Washington, Microsoft Press, 2002) Clark, D., Next-generation web services, IEEE Internet Computing Volume: 6, Issue: 2, March-April 2002, pp Ingham, D.B.; Shrivastava, S.K.; Panzieri, F., Constructing dependable Web services, IEEE Internet Computing Volume: 4, Issue: 1, Jan.-Feb. 2000, pp

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