SignallingSystems and Management

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1 SignallingSystems and Management Introduction to SS7 Krzysztof Wajda AGH, Telecommunications Department October, 2016

2 Outline Common channel signalling SS7 structure and architecture Signalling points Overview of common transfer functions Overview of higher parts of signalling protocol stack

3 Common Channel Signalling This concept was possible with significant advances in network software engineering SS6 as first attempt to CCS This is out-of-band signalling method in which common data channel conveys signalling messages related to a number of trunks

4 CCS6 -CCIS CCIS - Common Channel Interoffice Signalling CCS6 - Signalling System No. 6 introduced in 1976 by AT&T Features of CCS6: not a layered system only for trunk signalling routing based on the basis of permanent virtual signalling circuits

5 CCS6 - drawbacks large efforts to manage banded routing limited lengths low speed links non-modular structure

6 SS7 -intro Work on SS7 began in mid 1970s CCITT (ITU-T currently) as leading force 800 service and calling card service as first attempts to new concept used layered approach to system construction

7 SS7 supports signalling for: Public Switched Telephone Networks ISDN Public mobile networks Operations, administrations and maintenance as a basis for interactions with network data bases and service control points for advanced services

8 SS7 network structure SS7 Telephone Network - Telephone exchange STP Signalling Transfer Point - SP signalling point

9 Signalling network elements SP - Signalling Point STP - Signal Transfer Point signalling links SCP - Service Control Points OAM - Operation, Administration and Maintenance centres

10 Signalling network structure Reflects the structure of telecommunication network to be served by signalling and administration aspects Signalling system can be planned: purely on a per signalling relation basis - associated signalling for large traffic volumes and some quasi-associated signalling for low volume signalling relations as an independent network with regard to common channel signalling needs - this leads to mainly quasi-associated signalling with scarce associated signalling for high volume traffic patterns

11 Worldwide signalling network Structured into two functionally independent levels: international national such structure helps to split responsibility and separates numbering plans

12 Signalling points Originating point of the message is a signalling point at which message is generated, i.e. there is location of the source User Part function Destination point of the message is a signalling point to which message is destined, i.e. there is location of the receiving User Part function Signalling point at which a message is received on one signalling link and transferred to another link is a Signal Transfer Point (STP)

13 Signalling relation Signalling relation exists between two nodes when they are capable of exchanging signalling messages through signalling network

14 Signalling modes Mode refers to the type of association between path taken by the signalling message and its corresponding signalling relation: Associated Non-associated Quasi-associated

15 Associated mode Messages corresponding to a signalling relation between two points are transported over a link set directly inteconnecting those signalling points exchange A exchange B exchange SP signalling link set signalling relation

16 Non-associated mode Messages corresponding to a particular signalling relation between two points are transported over two or more linksets in tandem passing through one or more signalling points other than the origin and destination of messages exchange A exchange C exchange SP signalling link set signalling relation exchange B

17 Quasi-associated mode It is limited case of the non-associated mode - route (path) taken by message through signalling network is predetermined and fixed (at a given point in time) exchange A exchange C exchange SP signalling link set signalling relation exchange B

18 SS7 - general description Model OSI application l. UP presentation l. session l. transport l. network l. NSP data link l. physical l. UP = User Part NSP = Network Service Part

19 SS7 - main building blocks Message Transfer Part (MTP): block which ensures reliable transmission of functional signalling messages with high availability User Parts (UP): block which provides functions to manage number of services

20 SS7 protocol model Model OSI Model SS7 OMAP ASEs application l. TCAP ISDN-UP presentation l. session l. Puste transport l. SCCP network l. MTP Level 3 data link l. physical l. MTP Level 2 MTP Level 1 OMAP = Operations Maintenence and Administration Part ASE = Application Service Element TCAP = Transaction Capabilities Application Part ISDN-UP = ISDN User Part SCCP = Signaling Connection Part MTP = Message Transfer Part

21 Routing concepts In classical networks, based on different criteria: static alternative time-based state-based

22 SS7 - building blocks MTP SCCP TUP ISDN-UP DUP TC MAP INAP

23 Standardization process of SS7 ITU-T (former CCITT) Bellcore ANSI all national standard institutes

24 ITU-T recommendations Key recommendations General description Q.700 MTP Q.701-Q.704, Q.706, Q.707 TUP Supplementary services Q.730 DUP Q.741 Q.721-Q.725 ISDN-UP Q.761-Q.764, Q.766 SCCP Q.711-Q.714, Q.716 Transaction Capabilities Operations, maintenance and administration part (OMAP) Q.771-Q.775 Q.795

25 ITU-T recommendations Additional recommendations Signalling network structure Q.705 Numbering of international Q.708 signalling point codes Hypothetical signalling reference Q.709 connection PBX application Q.710 Test specifications Q.780-Q783 Monitoring and measurements Q.791

26 Basic architectural and functional components of SS7

27 Outline Signalling link Network layer issues The Signalling Connection Control Part (SCCP) Signalling Network structures

28 Signalling link MTP - structure and functions Physical layer requirements and standards Signalling unit formats Link protocol operation Error detection and recovery Flow control issues

29 MTP Provides a reliable transfer and delivery of signalling messages across the signalling network Consists of levels 1-3 of SS7 protocol: Signalling Data Link Functions (Level 1) Signalling Link functions (Level 2) Signalling Network Functions (Level 3) Uses datagram mode Signalling link przęsło sygnalizacyjne

30 MTP functional diagram Signalling Link User Message Processing Common Transfer Functions link control functions Signalling Data Link link control functions Common Transfer Functions User Message Processing MTP Users MTP users MTP

31 Signalling Data Link Functions Signalling Data Link is a bidirectional transmission path for transfer of signalling messages; two data channels operating together in opposite directions with the same data rate analog signalling link (4 khz) accessible by modems digital data links: 56 kbit/s (ANSI standard) 64 kbit/s (ITU-T standard) minimum data rate allowed is 4.8 kbit/s (delay requirements)

32 Signalling link functions Correspond to the OSI s data link layer (layer 2), provide reliable transfer of signalling messages between two adjacent signalling points, signalling units have variable length and are called signal units.

33 Summary SS7 is a first widely accepted and used signalling concept for more than 30 years Introduced with relevant advancements in engineering concepts and computer science services Flexible and extendable standard

34 References ITU Recommendation, Q.700, Introduction to CCITT Signalling System No. 7, March 1993 G. Danilewicz, W. Kabaciński, System Sygnalizacji nr 7, WKŁ, 2005 D. Minoli, G. Dobrowski, Principles of signaling for Cell Relay and Frame Relay, Artech House, 1995 Lectures available at:

35 Thank you for your attention!

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