LISP: A NOVEL APPROACH FOR FUTURE ATN/IPS
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1 LISP: A NOVEL APPROACH FOR FUTURE ATN/IPS Bernhard Haindl, Manfred Lindner, Wolfgang Kampichler ICAO Meeting 07/ HAINDL Bernhard
2 Trends / Requirements For Future Networks Multihoming / Availability Redundancy, fast switchover and Make before break as enabler for high availability, seamless communication and load balancing Virtualization OS level, network level Mobility Reachability all the time Security Integrity more important than privacy Network programmability SDN, NFV, Openflow : Application can influence the network and flows in order to solve special requirements according to the mission to be fulfilled Manageability Easiness Clear border of responsibilities in heterogonous environments / organizations FREQUENTIS 2014 Page: 2 of 16
3 ICAO 9896 First Edition Multihoming not covered Virtualization not covered Management, deployment not covered Mobility based on MIPv6, PMIPv6, FMIPv6, NEMO No multihoming support No virtualization support (no VPN ID) Stateful approach Scalability problem of security management For every airplane a HA (Home Agent) is involved Route optimization only for IPv6 IP-WAN has to be single address domain Depends on network service provider routing Needs endsystem involvement FREQUENTIS 2014 Page: 3 of 16
4 LISP (Locator / Identifier Separation Protocol Multihoming covered Active / Backup Load balancing Virtualization covered LISP Instance-ID Mobility covered Multihoming support and virtualization support stateless approach No scalability problem of security management - All airplanes are handled by LISP Mapping System No special requirements for endsystem and network providers IP-WAN can be realized by completely independent network SP using any technology available or appropriate Endsystems can do their business without knowing anything about LISP or mobility Security management Scalable and easier by using LISP together with GETVPN (IPsec group encryption) Ready for network programmability FREQUENTIS 2014 Page: 4 of 16
5 LISP Base Ideas / Facts Separation of identity and location of an IP device / IP service LISP mapping system Consists of mapping server(s) and resolver(s) LISP border routers Separate EID (endsystem identifier) address domain from RLOC (routing locater) address domain Dynamic unidirectional encapsulation Performed by LISP border routers Dynamic based caching Triggered by data traffic between LISP site Open Standard RFCs , 7052, 7215 Network based solution Available already in Cisco IOS, IOS-XE, NX-OS, CAT-OS platforms Original driven by Internet routing scalability issues FREQUENTIS 2014 Page: 5 of 16
6 LISP Basic Elements LISP Mapping System (Mapping Server / Mapping Resolver) MS/MR-1 MS/MR-2 LISP Border Routers 2001:EEEE:0:2::1 2001:EEEE:0:1::1 LISP Border Routers 2001:0:0:1::/ :A:0:1::1 2001:B:0:1::1 IP WAN (e.g. ISPs) RLOC Address Space (e.g. Internet Addresses) 2001:A:0:2::1 2001:B:0:2::1 2001:0:0:2::/64 EID Address Space LISP Site-1 ITR RLOC EID Ingress Tunnel Router (performing LISP encapsulation) Egress Tunnel Router (performing LISP decapsulation) ITR plus Routing Locator Endsystem Identifier EID Address Space LISP Site-2 FREQUENTIS 2014 Page: 6 of 16
7 LISP Map-Registration t1 LISP MS / MR Site Registration MS/MR EID RLOC 2001:0:0:1::/ :A:0:1::1 2001:0:0:1::/ :B:0:1::1 2001:0:0:2::/ :A:0:2::1 t3 2001:0:0:1::/64 t2 2001:A:0:1::1 2001:B:0:1::1 2001:EEEE:0:2::1 IP WAN (ISPs) RLOC Address Space t4 2001:A:0:2::1 2001:0:0:2::/64 EID Address Space LISP Site-1 EID Address Space LISP Site-2 LISP control message (well known UDP port 4342) FREQUENTIS 2014 Page: 7 of 16
8 LISP Map-Request Site Registration MS/MR Mapping-Cache / ITR EID RLOC TTL 2001:0:0:2::/ :A:0:2::1 20 h t5 LISP MS / MR EID RLOC 2001:0:0:1::/ :A:0:1::1 2001:0:0:1::/ :B:0:1::1 2001:0:0:2::/ :A:0:2::1 t0 2001:0:0:1::1-> 2001:0:0:2::2 t1 t3 Mapping Database EID RLOC 2001:0:0:1::/ :A:0:1::1 2001:B:0:1::1 2001:EEEE:0:2::1 t4 Map Reply 2001:0:0:2 -> 2001:A:0:2::1 IP WAN (ISPs) RLOC Address Space 2001:A:0:2::1 2001:0:0:2::/ :A:0:2::1 2001:0:0:2::/64 EID Address Space LISP Site-1 tx means time X EID Address Space LISP Site-2 LISP control message (well known UDP port 4342) IP datagram FREQUENTIS 2014 Page: 8 of 16
9 LISP Dynamic Encapsulation Mapping-Cache / ITR EID RLOC TTL 2001:0:0:2::/ :A:0:2::1 20 h t7 t6 2001:A:0:1::1 -> 2001:A:0:2::1 2001:0:0:1::1-> 2001:0:0:2::2 + IP Payload t8 2001:0:0:1::1-> 2001:0:0:2::2 2001:0:0:1::1-> 2001:0:0:2::2 LISP Dynamic Unidirectional Tunnel 2001:0:0:1::/ :A:0:1::1 2001:B:0:1::1 IP WAN (ISPs) RLOC Address Space 2001:A:0:2::1 2001:0:0:2::/64 EID Address Space LISP Site-1 EID Address Space LISP Site-2 LISP data message (well known UDP port 4341) IP datagram FREQUENTIS 2014 Page: 9 of 16
10 LISP Disjointed RLOC Space Feature Disjointed Locator Space Support Locator/ID separation creates two namespaces: EIDs and RLOCs EID space is the overlay of Enterprise prefixes RLOC space is the underlay network connectivity The fundamental principal of any network is that connectivity must exist between sites LISP supports sites being connected to locator spaces that have no connectivity to each other! In LISP, this is known as a disjointed RLOC set MSMR RTR MPLS VPN Core IPv4 Internet /0 IPv6 Internet ::/0 FREQUENTIS 2014 Page: 10 of 16
11 LISP Scope Service provider independency Separation of addressing and routing Address family agnostic Inherent multi-homing and mobility support High availability Seamless communication Fast business continuity in case of disaster Simplicity of configuration Fast deployment Needs less skills for operation and maintenance Base protection in the transport system inherent IP VPN functionality Enhanced protection by usage of LISP&GETVPN Message integrity Encryption (optional) FREQUENTIS 2014 Page: 11 of 16
12 Mobility 1 MS-MR EID RLOC PRIO 2001:0:0:2::/ :A:0:2::1 2001:0:0:2::/ :B:0:2::1 2001:3:3:1::/ :C:0:1::1 1 Aircraft with LISP router 2001:EEEE:0:2::1 Site Registration MS-MR EID Mobile Site-X Application 1 RLOC Address Space EID LISP Site :3:3:1::/64 Application :C:0:1::1 LDACS ANSP Area 2001:A:0:2::1 2001:B:0:2:: :0:0:2::/64 Mapping Database 1/2 EID RLOC Mapping Database EID Mobile Site-X EID RLOC PRIO Interface 2001:3:3:1::/ :D:0:1::1 1 AeroMACS down 2001:3:3:1::/ :C:0:1::1 1 LDACS up 2001:0:0:2::/ :A:0:2::1 2001:0:0:2::/ :B:0:2::1 Mapping-Cache ITR1/2 EID RLOC TTL 2001:3:3:1::/ :C:0:1::1 1h FREQUENTIS 2014 Page: 12 of 16
13 Mobility 2 MS-MR EID RLOC PRIO 2001:0:0:2::/ :A:0:2::1 2001:0:0:2::/ :B:0:2::1 2001:3:3:1::/ :C:0:1::1 1 Aircraft with LISP router EID Mobile Site-X 2001:D:0:1::1 Application 1 AeroMACS 2001:EEEE:0:2::1 RLOC Address Space 2001:3:3:1::/ :D:0:1:: :3:3:1::/ :E:0:1::1 1 Site Registration MS-MR EID LISP Site :3:3:1::/ :C:0:1::1 Application :E:0:1::1 LDACS SATCOM ANSP Area 2001:A:0:2::1 2001:B:0:2:: :0:0:2::/64 Application 3 Mapping Database EID Mobile Site-X EID RLOC PRIO Interface 2001:3:3:1::/ :D:0:1::1 1 AeroMACS up 2001:3:3:1::/ :C:0:1::1 1 LDACS up 2001:3:3:1::/ :E:0:1::1 1 SATCOM up Load balancing of incoming traffic. Outgoing traffic engineering based on application type Mapping-Cache ITR1/2 EID RLOC TTL 2001:3:3:1::/ :C:0:1::1 1h 2001:3:3:1::/ :D:0:1::1 1h FREQUENTIS 2014 Page: 13 of 16
14 Mobility 3 MS-MR EID RLOC PRIO 2001:0:0:2::/ :A:0:2::1 2001:0:0:2::/ :B:0:2::1 Aircraft with LISP router EID Mobile Site-X 2001:3:3:1::/ :D:0:1::1 Application :E:0:1::1 AeroMACS 2001:C:0:1::1 Application 2 Application 3 LDACS SATCOM 2001:EEEE:0:2::1 RLOC Address Space ANSP Area 2001:3:3:1::/ :C:0:1:: :3:3:1::/ :E:0:1::1 2 Site Registration MS-MR EID LISP Site :A:0:2:: :B:0:2:: :0:0:2::/64 Solicited move without break to LDACS again Mapping Database EID Mobile Site-X Mapping-Cache ITR1/2 EID RLOC PRIO Interface EID RLOC TTL 2001:3:3:1::/ :C:0:1::1 1 LDACS up 2001:3:3:1::/ :C:0:1::1 1h 2001:3:3:1::/ :E:0:1::1 2 SATCOM up e.g. detecting radio data link SATCOM signal strength below threshold and change PRIO to 2 FREQUENTIS 2014 Page: 14 of 16
15 LISP Benefits Multi-homing and mobility are an inherent functionality of LISP supporting multi-link technologies from day-one Allows load balancing among different data link technologies Supports network mobility paired with a maintainable security solution and LISP technology and associated concepts can be easily deployed To support seamless a/g data link communication make-before-brake LISP provides a clear demarcation point between user sites and the provider network for routing and security Separation into different (security) domains via LISP allows using a single communication infrastructure for different stakeholders Finally, instead of deploying multiple technologies, LISP combines various mechanisms into a single technology easing configuration and maintenance cost reduction Does not require single technologies like mobile IP, NEMO and IPsec FREQUENTIS 2014 Page: 15 of 16
16 THANK YOU!
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