IP-Telephony Introduction

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1 IP-Telephony Introduction Bernard Hammer Siemens AG, Munich Siemens AG

2 Presentation Outline Why Internet Telephony Expectations Future Scenario Protocols & System Architectures Protocols Standardistion Next Generation Architecture Transport Protocols IETF TCP IETF UDP IETF SCTP 2

3 Why Internet Telephony? Motivation New business opportunities... telcos, ISPs, gateway and terminal vendors new markets business users more flexible usage of network capacity through the integration of two distinct network infrastructures cost savings private users cheap long-distance calls Opportunity to further integrate networks! 3

4 Expected advantages of IP Telephony Rapid Development Weeks and months not years Rapid Deployment IP Service Mgmt System Extensibility/ Scalability Extensible networks and protocols Cost efficiency Feature Richness Combined voice and data features Reduced network complexity Standard open interfaces (API s and Protocol) Reduced network cost Reliability Interoperability Performance 4

5 IP Service Market Drivers Deregulation New technologies Outsourcing trend within the enterprise market 3 rd party application development Operators require value added services to remain competitive 5

6 Future Scenario of IP Telephony 1/2 (Source J. Horrocks, ) Period Short term Medium term Long term 2011 onwards Services Public telephony (E.164) universal Internet telephony grows but only for informal groups Public telephony (E.164) universal Internet telephony becomes an any-any service Both exist alongside each other Service provision Fragmentation Consolidation and battle between ISPs and telcos Impossible to predict Terminals Analogue unaffected Growth phase for telephony from PCs Analogue terminals start to decline Growth phase for standard IP telephones and integrated home systems Integrated home systems 6

7 Future Scenario of IP Telephony 2/2 Period Short term Medium term Long term 2011 onwards Access Separate analogue and ADSL NTPs Analogue access declines Growth phase for new IP based NTP Standard IP based NTP Networks Growth phase for bypass and ITSPs Growth of services Growth of global IP managed networks without interconnection Replacement of circuit switched networks with SIP on IP or BICC on ATM. Media carried direct on ATM in many networks IP based interconnection implemented Slow migration to all-ip as SIP gradually replaces BICC and IP is used without ATM and SDH 7

8 Presentation Outline Why Internet Telephony Expectations Future Scenario Protocols & System Architectures Protocols Standardistion Next Generation Architecture Transport Protocols IETF TCP IETF UDP IETF SCTP 8

9 IP Telephony Protocol Architecture Application Physical Link Network Transport MEGACO SCTP Signaling TCP IPv4 - IPv6 Quality of Service UDP Media Transport H.323 SIP/SDP RTSP RSVP RTCP RTP PPP AAL3/4 AAL 5 PPP Sonet ATM Ethernet V.34 MEGACOP/ H.248: Media Gateway Ctrl Protocol (IETF/ ITU-T) H.323: ITU-T Rec. H.323 (ITU-T) SIP: Session Initiation P. (IETF) SDP: Session Description P. (IETF) RTSP: Real Time Streaming P. (IETF) RSVP: Resource Reservation P. (IETF) RTCP: Real Time Ctrl Protocol (IETF) RTP: Real Time Protocol (IETF) SCTP: Simple Ctrl Transport P. (IETF) TCP: Transport Ctrl Protocol (IETF) UDP: User Datagram Protocol (IETF) IPvx: Internet Protocol (IETF) 9

10 Main Standardization Bodies International Telecomm. Union ITU-T SG 16 concentrates on Multimedia Terminals and Systems; develops IP Telephony Standard H.323; ( Internet Engineering Task Force TIPHON IETF is the home of the Internet architecture and of the major IP protocols (IP, RTP, SIP,..). ( TIPHON project of ETSI is developing a generalised communication protocol to support voice services over IP (including H.323, SIP, Megaco, BICC). ( 10

11 Simplified Architecture of IP-Telephony Network H.323 Endpoints SG/ GWC ISUP - H.323 SCN IP - H.323 Gatekeeper MGW SG SIP - H.323 Location Server IP - SIP Proxy Server SIP RTP LDAP DSS1/ISUP TDM MEGACOP H.323 SG: Signaling GW GWC: GW Controller MGW: Media Gateway SG/ GWC ISUP - SIP SIP Endpoints 11

12 Mapping to protocols & elements Generic TIPHON Network Architecture Mapping to protocols & elements 12

13 2. Locate domain for user B 1. Setup voice& video call to B 8. Send media to border entity 1 SC CC BC MC Example 3. Set up a call between A & B 6. Set up one audio and one video bearer between border entities 2&3 With QoS SC CC BC MC 4. Locate terminal for user B 5. Do you want a voice call from A? 9. Send media to border entity 4 IP terminal A 7. Setup QoS path between border entities 1 & 2 7. Setup QoS path between border entities 3 &4 IP terminal B Border entity 1 Border entity 3 Border entity 4 Border entity 2 13

14 Sample Next-Gen Architecture Policy Server Softswitch Services SS7 Network A-links Voice-Data over TDM/IP/ATM Broadband IAD PSTN Media Gateway IMT Multi-vendor RAS PRI Internet H.323 Gateway IP Device PRI Business PBX 14

15 Presentation Outline Why Internet Telephony Expectations Future Scenario Protocols & System Architectures Protocols Standardistion Next Generation Architecture Transport Protocols IETF TCP IETF UDP IETF SCTP 15

16 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Packets sent to socket transmitted immediately. Sender has no information on network congestion. Sender has no information on correct reception of datagrams. Receiver has no information on datagram loss. Checksum allows receiver to discard corrupt information. Sender application Send() Send() Send() Send() send and forget Receiver application Recv() Recv() Recv() 16

17 TCP Transport Control Protocol (TCP) Packets sent to socket not transmitted immediately by default. Sender has information on network congestion. Sender app. can assume correct reception of datagrams. TCP makes sure receiver app. receives all datagrams. Checksum allows receiver to discard corrupt information. Sender application Send() Send() Send() Reliable delivery ack Receiver application Recv() Recv() 17

18 TCP and UDP Comparison Typical Use Set Up Overhead / Set Up Delay Delay Internet Telephony Use Important Attributes Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Guaranteed delivery of a significant amount of data A few signalling messages/ A few Round Trip Times (RTTs) Non-acknowledged packets are retransmitted; delay for these packets will exceed a RTT (usually 250 msec or greater) Signalling for call set-up, etc. (e.g., H.323) Elastic adjusts transmission rate during network congestion. Aggressive - will attempt to transmit at greatest possible speed at other times. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Non-Guaranteed delivery of relatively small amounts of data None/None (application naturally expects periodic requests) Packets are either received (with one-way delay) or lost Voice/audio transmission (RTP uses UDP, not TCP) Non-elastic application responsible for transmission rate adaptation (e.g. IP multicast control messages). Most Internet Telephony apps do not adapt. 18

19 What is SCTP? The Stream control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a TCP for datagrams with a flexible order-of-delivery the support of multi-homed nodes realising enhanced TCP concepts How can SCTP be applied? Was specified as a general purpose transport protocol, which can used to transport signaling information between network nodes, e.g. Signalling Gateways and Media Gateway Controllers However SCTP can be used for any Internet application 19

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