Introduction. Lecture 1. Operating Systems Practical. 5 October 2016

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1 Introduction Lecture 1 Operating Systems Practical 5 October 2016 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 1/30

2 Team, Schedule and Grading Android Architecture Application development overview OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 2/30

3 Outline Team, Schedule and Grading Android Architecture Application development overview OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 3/30

4 Team and Schedule Team Laura Gheorghe, Vlad Traista-Popescu, invited speakers Schedule Lecture: Wednesday, 18-20, room PRECIS 706 Labs: Wednesday, 20-22, room PRECIS 706 OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 4/30

5 Grading Exams 2.5 points Mid-term exam 2.5 points Final exam Labs & Project 2.4 points Lab activity 3 points Project OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 5/30

6 Syllabus Android OS: SDK Internals Services Connectivity NDK Native libraries Security OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 6/30

7 Resources Wiki: Moodle: OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 7/30

8 Outline Team, Schedule and Grading Android Architecture Application development overview OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 8/30

9 Popularity Open-source OS for mobile devices More than 87.6% of mobile market share (2016 Q2) Official application market: Google Play OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 9/30

10 Android Architecture OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 10/30

11 Android Architecture Linux kernel Android Mainlining Project / Android Upstreaming Androidisms Advantages Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) Standard interfaces Multiple library modules Native userspace init process Native daemons Native libraries Through Java framework APIs Through Android NDK OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 11/30

12 Android Architecture Android Runtime Dalvik ART Ahead-Of-Time (AOT) compilation Java Runtime libraries java.* and javax.* Apache Harmony Project Java Native Interface (JNI) OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 12/30

13 Android Architecture System services Fundamental features of Android Native and Java code Service interface Android framework libraries Base components for app development Interaction with the hardware Interaction with high level services Framework APIs OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 13/30

14 Linux Kernel Modified to work on mobile devices Patches on top of mainline Linux Android Mainlining Project / Android Upstreaming Wakelocks (also added to Linux 3.5) Low-Memory Killer (3.10) Binder (3.19) Alarm (3.20) Logger (3.20) Only suspend to memory OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 14/30

15 Android Runtime - Dalvik VM Default until Android 5.0 Runs Dalvik-specific byte-code Dalvik Executable Format (DEX) Runs.dex files instead of.jar files.dex is 50% smaller than corresponding.jar Just-In-Time compilation From Android 2.2 Short segments of bytecode translated into native machine code at runtime Improves performance OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 15/30

16 APK Creation OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 16/30

17 Android Runtime - ART From Android 5.0 More advanced runtime architecture Ahead-Of-Time compilation Just once, at installation Entire DEX file -> executable for target device Instead of JIT compilation and Dalvik interpretation More efficient, reduced power consumption More space to store the executables Improved memory allocation, GC, debugging and profiling OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 17/30

18 Native Libraries bionic (libc) Much smaller and faster than glibc SQLite Managing SQL databases OpenGL ES Standard software interface for 3D processing hardware WebKit Display web pages Android, Apple ios, BlackBerry, Tizen SSL Securing the communication over Internet OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 18/30

19 Application Framework System Services and Managers Telephony Location Activity Package Notification System Content Providers Calendar Dictionary Contacts Settings OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 19/30

20 Application Framework Application process System processes Thread Application API RPC stub Binder Service 1 JNI Thread... Native application libraries Binder Service N OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 20/30

21 Outline Team, Schedule and Grading Android Architecture Application development overview OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 21/30

22 Application components User interaction Activities Background functionality Services Broadcast Receivers Content Providers OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 22/30

23 Activity User interface Similar to a window from window-based GUIs User interacts with a single activity at a time Activities stack Activities launch other activities Back button for returning to the previous activity No forward button Start activities with intents Launcher or application components OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 23/30

24 Service Performs operations in background, no UI Runs in the same process as the application Can be configured to run in another process Tasks for the current application Provide services to the other applications Communication through the Binder OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 24/30

25 Broadcast Receiver Receive broadcast announcements Low battery Reboot Application state changes Can receive global or local broadcasts Choose which broadcasts to receive Intents Intent filters Active only when receiving a broadcast OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 25/30

26 Content Provider Manage access to a structured set of data Required for sharing data with other apps File data or structured data URI: provider and table Content Resolver uses the URI to send a query to the provider Active only when responding to a request OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 26/30

27 Intents Similar to signals Send message, determine action execution Purpose Start activities, start or bind services Delivering broadcast messages to receivers Dispatched by the Android system Includes action and data ACTION DIAL content://contacts/people/1 Types Explicit: directed towards a specific receiver Implicit: a receiver which can resolve the action OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 27/30

28 Binder Lightweight RPC Remote object invocation In process and interprocess Transmit parcels of data Synchronous calls (blocking) OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 28/30

29 Karim Yaghmour, Embedded Android: Porting, Extending, and Customizing, Chapter b750c8da-aebe-e311-b d5066d7 activities.html services.html providers/content-providers.html intents-filters.html Bibliography OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 29/30

30 Keywords Linux kernel Android Runtime Dalvik ART Native libraries Application framework Activities Services Broadcast receivers Content providers Intents Binder OSP Introduction, Lecture 1 30/30

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