Benchmark: Uses. Guide computer design. Guide purchasing decisions. Marketing tool Benchmarks. Program used to evaluate performance.
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1 02 1 Benchmarks 02 1 Benchmark: Program used to evaluate performance. Uses Guide computer design. Guide purchasing decisions. Marketing tool EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
2 Using Benchmarks to Guide Computer Design Measure overall performance. Determine characteristics of programs. E.g., frequency of floating-point operations. Determine effect of design options EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
3 02 3 Choosing Benchmark Programs 02 3 Important: Choice of programs for evaluation. Optimal but unrealistic: The exact set of programs customer will run. Problem: computers used for different applications. Therefore, must model typical users workload EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
4 02 4 Benchmark Types 02 4 Benchmark Classifications Based on how benchmark is to be used. Real Programs: Programs chosen using surveys, for example. Example: Photoshop (Image editing program.) + Measured performance improvements apply to customer. - Large programs hard to run on simulator. (Before system built.) Kernels: Use part of program responsible for most execution time. Example: Photoshop code for shrinking an image. + Easier to study. - Not all program have small kernels EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
5 Microbenchmarks: Code written to test a specific feature of a system. Example: Measure maximum number of FP divisions per second. + Useful for tuning specific features during implementation development. - One might become too fixated on a narrow feature. Toy Benchmarks: Programs written casually, without insuring that they measure something useful. Example: The pi program used in class. + Easier to write. - Not realistic EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
6 Commonly Used Benchmark Categories Overall performance: real programs Test specific features: microbenchmarks EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
7 02 7 Benchmark Suites 02 7 Benchmark Suite: A named set of programs used to evaluate a system. Typically: Developed and managed by a publication or non-profit organization. E.g., Standard Performance Evaluation Corp., PC Magazine. Tests clearly delineated aspects of system. E.g., CPU, graphics, I/O, application. Specifies a set of programs and inputs for those programs. Specifies reporting requirements for results EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
8 What Suites Might Measure Application Performance E.g., productivity (office) applications, database programs. Usually tests entire system. CPU and Memory Performance Ignores effect of I/O. Graphics Performance 02 8 EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
9 SPEC CPU Suites Measure CPU and memory performance on integer and FP programs. Respected measure of CPU performance. Managed by Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation a non-profit organization funded by computer companies and other interested parties. Latest Version (AOTW) 2017, previous version EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
10 02 10 SPECcpu Benchmarks SPEC CPU Suite Goals Measure CPU and memory system. Avoid benchmarks making lots of disk I/O, etc. Measure potential of newest implementations and ISAs. Tester compiles benchmark using own tools. Trustworthiness of Suite. Suite developed by competitors, and other interested parties. Trustworthiness of Results. Easy for anyone to duplicate test results, so erroneous results quickly exposed EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
11 SPEC CPU2006 Suites and Measures Suite of integer programs run to determine: SPECint2006, execution time of tuned code. SPECint base2006, execution time of untuned code. SPECint rate2006, throughput of tuned code. SPECint rate base2006, throughput of untuned code. Suite of floating programs run to determine: SPECfp2006, execution time of tuned code. SPECfp base2006, execution time of untuned code. SPECfp rate2006, throughput of tuned code. SPECfp rate rate2006, throughput of untuned code EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
12 The Three SPEC CPU2006 Axes Integer v. Floating Point Refers to two suites of programs. Execution Time v. Throughput Execution Time: One program running, measure its run time. Throughput: Multiple copies of same program running, measure N/t. Untuned v. Tuned Untuned (Base, Result): Prepared by skilled and conscientious programmer. Tuned (Peak): Prepared by hyper-motivated expert EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
13 Integer v. Floating Point SPECcpu programs divided into two sets, integer and floating-point. Neither set is affected much by: Disk access. Other I/O, including graphics. Floating-Point Programs Have many floating point operations. (Of course.) Have loops that iterate for many iterations. Have fewer branch instructions EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
14 Integer v. Floating Point Typical Integer Programs (SPECint*2006) Compression programs. (bzip2, gzip). Compilers Typical Floating-Point Programs (SPECfp*2006) Finite-difference scientific computation. (CactusADM) Image processing. (Photoshop blur effect.) EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
15 SPEC Testing Procedure Defined by Run & Reporting Rules. Carried out by tester (not SPEC) EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
16 Test Procedure Get: System Under Test (SUT): The computer on which benchmarks are to be run. A copy of the SPECcpu benchmark suite. Compilers and other build tools for your system. Prepare a config file: Name of system, build tools, etc. Location of compiler. Portability switches. Optimization switches EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
17 Run the SPEC script: Script will.. Compile benchmarks, profile, compile again. Run benchmarks three times, verify outputs. Generate reports. Evaluate results: If not satisfied Try different optimization switches. Substitute different compilers, libraries, etc. Convince customers that for them SPECcpu results are irrelevant EE 4720 Lecture Transparency. Formatted 9:15, 6 April 2018 from lsli
Benchmarks. Benchmark: Program used to evaluate performance. Uses. Guide computer design. Guide purchasing decisions. Marketing tool.
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