Događaj koji se javlja u toku izvršenja programa i kvari normalno izvršenje. Kada se desi izuzetak, sistem pokušava da pronađe način da ga obradi.
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- Theodore Briggs
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1 Obrada izuzetaka
2 Šta je izuzetak? Događaj koji se javlja u toku izvršenja programa i kvari normalno izvršenje. Kada se desi izuzetak, sistem pokušava da pronađe način da ga obradi. Prosleđuje izuzetak, redom, metodima u call stack u.
3 Primer import java.util.scanner; public class ExceptionDemo { public static void main(string[] args) { Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter an integer: "); int number = scanner.nextint(); scanner.close(); System.out.println("You've entered: " + number);
4 Primer Enter an integer: 4 You've entered: 4 Enter an integer: A Exception in thread "main" java.util.inputmismatchexception at java.util.scanner.throwfor(unknown Source) at java.util.scanner.next(unknown Source) at java.util.scanner.nextint(unknown Source) at java.util.scanner.nextint(unknown Source) at rs.ac.ni.pmf.marko.exceptiondemo.main(exceptiondemo.java:12)
5 Primer boolean success = false; do { try { System.out.println("Enter an integer: "); int number = scanner.nextint(); System.out.println("You've entered: " + number); success = true; scanner.close(); catch (InputMismatchException e) { System.out.println("Please enter an integer."); scanner.nextline(); while (!success);
6 Obrada izuzetka
7 Catch or Specify Kod u kome može da se desi greška mora da zadovolji ipuni od dva zahteva Da implementira try naredbu koja hvata i obrađuje izuzetak Da specificira kakav izuzetak može da se desi, korišćenjem throws naredbe Ukoliko ovo nije ispoštovano za checked izuzetke, kod se ne kompajlira
8 Vrste izuzetaka Object Throwable Exception Error RuntimeException......
9 Sistemske greške (Error) AssertionError Error IOError LinkageError VirtualMachineError...
10 Greške zbog spoljnih faktora (Runtime) RuntimeException NullPointerException ArithmeticException IndexOutOfBoundsException IllegalArgumentException...
11 Checked i Unchecked izuzeci Error i RuntimeException su unchecked izuzeci Prevodilac ne zahteva da se eksplicitno obrađuju Ostali naslednici klase Exception su checked izuzeci Prevodilac zahteva da budu ili obrađeni ili bačeni iz metoda
12 try catch finally Kod koji može da proizvede grešku se stavlja u try blok Izvršenje komandi u ovom bloku se prekida čim dođe do izuzetka Izuzetak se obrađuje u catch bloku Ukoliko catch blok ne obrađuje generisani izuzetak, on se prosleđuje dalje Blok finally se uvek izvršava Služi za oslobađanje resursa i slične zadatke Počev od Java 7.0 postoji i try-with-resources naredba
13 Primer public class ListOfNumbers { private static final int SIZE = 10; private List<Integer> list; public ListOfNumbers() { list = new ArrayList<Integer>(); for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i) { list.add(i); public void writelist() { PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter("numbers.txt"); for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i) { writer.println("value at " + i + " = " + list.get(i)); writer.close(); public static void main(string[] args) { new ListOfNumbers().writeList();
14 Primer public class ListOfNumbers { public void writelist() { try { PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter("numbers.txt"); for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i) { writer.println("value at " + i + " = " + list.get(i)); writer.close(); catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
15 Primer public class ListOfNumbers { public void writelist() { PrintWriter writer = null; try { writer = new PrintWriter("numbers.txt"); for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i) { writer.println("value at " + i + " = " + list.get(i)); catch (FileNotFoundException e) { finally { if (writer!= null) { writer.close();
16 Primer public class ListOfNumbers { public void writelist(string filename) { PrintWriter writer = null; try { writer = new PrintWriter(filename); for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i) { writer.println("value at " + i + " = " + list.get(i)); catch (FileNotFoundException e) { finally { if (writer!= null) { writer.close();
17 throws naredba Koristi se kada ne obrađujemo izuzetak u metodu u kome on može da nastane Često je potrebno samo prijaviti da je došlo do izuzetka, a obradu prepustiti korisniku metoda public void writelist(string filename) throws FileNotFoundException { PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(filename); for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i) { writer.println("value at " + i + " = " + list.get(i)); writer.close();
18 try - finally public void writelist(string filename) throws FileNotFoundException { PrintWriter writer = null; try { writer = new PrintWriter(filename); for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i) { writer.println("value at " + i + " = " + list.get(i)); finally { if (writer!= null) { writer.close();
19 catch blok Može da bude više catch blokova koji hvataju različite izuzetke Izuzetak se hvata prvim catch blokom koji odgovara Od Java 7.0, moguće je u jednom catch bloku uhvatiti više tipova izuzetaka
20 Naredba throw Služi da bi se eksplicitno bacio izuzetak na nekom mestu U slučaju da se izuzetak sam po sebi ne bi desio, ali je potrebno prijaviti neki događaj u programu U slučaju da je potrebno obraditi izuzetak, ali ga i proslediti pozivajućem metodu na dalju obradu
21 Ulančani izuzeci (Chained exceptions) Aplikacija često odgovara na izuzetak bacanjem novog izuzetka Praktično, jedan izuzetak prouzrokuje drugi Zgodno je znati kada se ovo desi Throwable to omogućava Throwable getcause() Throwable initcause() Throwable(String msg, Throwable cause) Throwable(Throwable cause)
22 Pristup lancu izuzetaka catch (Exception cause) { StackTraceElement elements[] = cause.getstacktrace(); for (int i = 0, n = elements.length; i < n; ++i) { System.err.println(elements[i].getFileName() + ":" + elements[i].getlinenumber() + ">> " + elements[i].getmethodname() + "()"); Zadatak: Napraviti loger koji snima stack-trace kada se desi izuzetak.
23 Kreiranje sopstvenih izuzetaka Nekada je potrebno obavestiti korisnika metoda da se desilo nešto nepredviđeno Ukoliko već ne postoji odgovarajući izuzetak, treba napraviti novi Naslediti klasu Exception ili pogodnog naslednika ove klase Implementirati odgovarajuće konstruktore Iskoristiti throw za bacanje izuzetka
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