Enterprise Java Beans
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- Tamsyn Morgan
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1 Enterprise Java Beans
2 Objectives Three Tiered Architecture Why EJB? What all we should know? EJB Fundamentals 2
3 Three Tiered Architecture
4 Introduction Distributed three-tier design is needed for Increased performance Flexibility Maintainability Reusability Scalability while hiding the complexity of distributed processing from the user. 4
5 Standard Three Tiered Client Tier Middle Tier Data Tier Web Client GUI Client Middle Tier Server File System Storage Other Legacy Storage Other Client Database Storage 5
6 Middle-Tier Houses Business Logic/Rules Resource access management (database connection pooling) Remote access between clients and data sources Session and transaction management Security management 6
7 J2EE Three Tiered Client Tier Middle Tier Data Tier Web Client J2EE Server EJB Container EJB File System Storage GUI Client Other Client EJB WEB Container Servlet JSP Other Legacy Storage Database Storage 7
8 J2EE Middle-Tier In J2EE scenario middle-tier is always a J2EE App Server It has two containers EJB Container For deploying EJB components Web Container For deploying WEB components 8
9 Why EJB? Answer the Question
10 Reasons Business-Logic Extensibility Scalability 10
11 Business-Logic It is not harmful considering performance and security Tradeoffs in writing business-logic in servlet Servlet holds presentation-logic so manageability is difficult It supports only web-clients 11
12 Extensibility Client HTML, JSP, Servlet Java Beans, Session Beans, Message Driven Beans DAO, Entity Beans, Hibernate External Resources Presentation Business Logic Integration J2EE Scenario 12
13 Extensibility The application is loosely coupled Presentation, Business Logic and Integration is independent of each other Changes if needed in either of this will not affect other parts of the application Above all the Scalability advantage 13
14 Scalability Web-Client Swing-Client Application Server xml-client J2ME-Client 14
15 What All We Should Know?
16 What all we should know? Application server Containers Implicit Services Other auxiliary systems EJB clients 16
17 Application Server A Java application server provides an optimized execution environment for server-side Java application components. Java application server delivers a highperformance, highly scalable, robust execution environment to support distributed application. 17
18 Cont d An application server automates some of the more complex features of multi-tier computing. An application server manages system resources, such as processes, threads, memory, database connections, and network sessions on behalf of the application 18
19 Cont d An application server also provides access to infrastructure services, such as naming, directory, transaction, persistence and security. Some of the more sophisticated application servers offer load-balancing services that can distribute application processing across multiple systems. 19
20 Container Components execute within a construct called a container. A container provides an application context for one or more components and provides management and control services. Server components are non-visual and execute within a container that is provided by an application server. 20
21 Cont d AS provides a container to manage the execution of a component. Container automatically allocates a thread and initiates the component, when client invokes a component. The container manages all resources on behalf of the component and manages all interactions between the component and client. 21
22 Types of Containers The two types of containers are Session containers Transient, Non-persistent EJBs whose states are not saved at all Entity containers Persistent EJBs whose states are saved between invocations 22
23 Implicit Services The EJB model supports a number of implicit services Lifecycle: Individual enterprise beans do not need to explicitly manage process allocation, thread management, object activation, or object destruction. 23
24 Cont d State Management: Individual enterprise beans do not need to explicitly save or restore conversational object state between method calls. Security: Individual enterprise beans do not need to explicitly authenticate users or check authorization levels. 24
25 Cont d Transactions: Individual enterprise beans do not need to explicitly specify transaction demarcation code to participate in distributed transactions. Persistence: Individual enterprise beans do not need to explicitly retrieve or store persistent object data from a database. 25
26 Other Auxiliary Systems Java Naming and Directory Interface Java Transaction API 26
27 JNDI The container is responsible for making its deployed enterprise beans available to the client through JNDI. Thus, the client can look up the home interface for a specific enterprise bean using JNDI. 27
28 JTA The JTA is a specification of the interfaces between a transaction manager and the other parties involved in a distributed transaction processing system. The EJB architecture requires that the EJB container support the JTA API and the Connector APIs 28
29 EJB Client These make use of the EJB Beans for their operations They find the EJB container that contains the bean through the Java Naming and Directory (JNDI) interface They then make use of the EJB Container to invoke EJB Bean methods 29
30 EJB Fundamentals The Basics
31 EJB Fundamentals What is an EJB? Types of EJB Session Bean Entity Bean Message Driver Bean Passivation / Activation Deployment Descriptor 31
32 What is EJB? Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) technology defines a model for the development and deployment of reusable Java server components. Components are pre-developed pieces of application code that can be assembled into working application systems. 32
33 Cont d The EJB architecture logically extends the JavaBeans component model to support server components. Server components are application components that run in an application server. 33
34 Types of EJBs There are three types of EJBs They are Session Beans Entity Beans Message Driven Beans 34
35 Session Bean Each Session Bean is usually associated with one EJB Client Each Session Bean is created and destroyed by the particular EJB Client that it is associated with A Session Bean can either have states or they can be stateless However, Session Beans do not survive a System shutdown 35
36 Types of Session Bean There are two types of Session Beans They are Stateless Session Beans Stateful Session Beans 36
37 Stateless Session Bean These types of EJBs have no internal state. Since they do not have any states, they need not be passivated Because of the fact that they are stateless, they can be pooled in to service multiple clients 37
38 Stateful Session Bean These types of EJBs possess internal states. Hence they need to handle Activation and Passivation However, there can be only one Stateful Session Bean per EJB Client. Since they can be persisted, they are also called Persistent Session Beans These types of EJBs can be saved and restored across client sessions 38
39 Entity Bean Entity Beans always have states Their states can be persisted and stored across multiple invocations Hence they can survive System Shutdowns 39
40 Entity Bean Persistence Persistence in Entity Beans is of two types. They are Container-managed persistence Bean-managed persistence 40
41 Container Managed Here, the EJB container is responsible for saving the Bean's state Since it is container-managed, the implementation is independent of the data source The container-managed fields need to be specified in the Deployment Descriptor and the persistence is automatically handled by the container 41
42 Bean Managed Here, the Entity Bean is directly responsible for saving its own state The container does not need to generate any database calls Hence the implementation is less adaptable than the previous one as the persistence needs to be hard-coded into the bean 42
43 Message Driven Bean A message-driven bean is an asynchronous message consumer To a client, a MDB is a message consumer that implements some business logic running on the server MDBs are anonymous, they have no clientvisible identity Message-driven bean instances have no conversational state 43
44 Passivation /Activation EJB servers have a right to manage their working set Passivation is the process by which the state of a Bean is saved to persistent storage and then is swapped out Activation is the process by which the state of a Bean is restored by swapping it in from persistent storage Passivation and Activation apply to both Session and Entity Beans 44
45 Deployment Descriptor Deployment Descriptor are serialized instances of a class They are used to pass information about an EJBs preferences and deployment needs to its container The EJB developer is responsible for creating a deployment descriptor along with his/her bean 45
46 Points to ponder
47 EJB EJB is a component-based development model Components are reusable chunks of functionality One benefit of EJB is WODA. You can deploy your EJB 2.0 component to any AS that s EJB 2.0 compliant 47
48 Cont d WODA means you have to learn only one, standard API rather than proprietary vendor specific APIs The EJB architecture gives container a chance to step-in and add services EJB services include transaction, security, resource management, networking, and persistence 48
49 Flavours Beans come in three flavours Entity Session Message-Driven 49
50 Entity Entity beans represent a uniquely identifiable thing in a persistent store; usually that means a row in a database table As entity bean represents a thing When you think of Entity bean think noun An Entity bean IS something 50
51 Session Session beans are everything else Almost any kind of back-end services can and often should begin with a this bean A session bean typically represents a process When you think of a Session bean think verb A Session bean DOES something 51
52 Message-Driven Only when you need a JMS consumer A bean that can listen for messages from a JMS messaging service Client never call a message-driven bean directly, in order to get a message driven bean to do something, a client must send a message to a messaging service 52
53 What all is needed? for writing an Enterprise Bean Bean Class Component Interface Home Interface 53
54 Bean Class Class that implements the Bean SessionBean interface EntityBean interface Writes implementation for methods Holds business logic methods And a create method 54
55 Component Interface Interface that extends EJBObject Interface that list the business logic methods 55
56 Home Interface Interface that extends EJBHome Interface that provides list of create methods 56
57 Coding Time Lets try a Stateless Session Bean
58 javax.ejb.sessionbean void ejbactivate() void ejbpassivate() void ejbremove() void setsessioncontext(sessioncontext) 58
59 CurrencyConverterBean-Code package com.converter; import javax.ejb.*; public class CurrencyConverterBean implements SessionBean { public double convert (double dollars) { return dollars * 44.50; The Business Logic Method } public void ejbcreate () {} The create method Interface method s blank implement -ation} EJB API Package public void ejbactivate () {} public void ejbpassivate () {} public void ejbremove () {} As the class is a SessionBean public void setsessioncontext (SessionContext sc) {} 59
60 Question? Who implements the Component interface? Why the business method is implemented by Bean class as it is not implementing component interface? What create method is doing here? 60
61 CurrencyConverter-Code package com.converter; import javax.ejb.*; import java.rmi.*; public interface CurrencyConverter extends EJBObject { } Interface that extends Remote; is extended by the component interface public double convert (double dollars) throws RemoteException; Every BL method must throw this exception The businesslogic method 61
62 Questions? Why component interface should extends to EJBObject? Why BL methods must throw RemoteException? 62
63 CurrencyConverterHome-Code package com.converter; import javax.ejb.*; import java.rmi.*; Interface that is extended by the home interface public interface CurrencyConverterHome extends EJBHome { public CurrencyConverter create () throws CreateException, RemoteException; } The create method Every create method must throw this exception 63
64 Questions? Why create method is needed? Why the interface should extends to EJBHome? Why create method must throw CreateException? 64
65 How client gets the bean? Zubair-o-Scope
66 Client lookup for Home JNDI Client Home Object Client Side JVM EJB Container 66
67 Client gets Home stub JNDI Client Home stub Home Object Client Side JVM EJB Container 67
68 Client calls create on stub Client Home stub Home Object Client Side JVM EJB Container 68
69 Container makes EJB Object Client EJB Object Home stub Home Object Client Side JVM EJB Container 69
70 Container send the stub Client EJB Object stub EJB Object Home Object stub Home Object Client Side JVM EJB Container 70
71 No bean in the container!!! Bean creation is not related to the client Container may have a Bean Pool or he may create on clients request So far no request is made by the client for the business method on bean Isn t It? 71
72 How bean is created? Zubair-o-Scope
73 Container constructs the Session Context object constructs the bean instance calls setsessioncontext() on the bean by passing the SessionContext object 73
74 Construction of objects Bean Pool Session Context EJB Container 74
75 Gives SessionContext to bean Bean Pool Session Context EJB Container 75
76 Taking bean from pool EJB Object Bean Pool Session Context EJB Container 76
77 Serving to the client EJB Object Bean Pool EJB Object stub Client Session Context Client Side JVM EJB Container 77
78 Object interaction diagram Client Home Object EJB Object Session Context create() new new New (bean constructor runs) setsessioncontext() ejbcreate() 78
79 Stateful Session Bean
80 The Stateful Transitions Bean does not exist constructor setsessioncontext() ejbcreate() ejbremove() or timeout timeout Method calls ejbpassivate() ZZZZZZ method ready ejbactivate() passivated 80
81 Context Really Needed
82 Introduction Context is beans lifeline to the container Only thing bean can use to get reference of Its Home Its EJB Object Client s Security information Do transaction-related job The context is subclass of EJBContext 82
83 EJBContext Home Reference getejbhome() getejblocalhome() Transaction Stuff getrollbackonly() getusertransaction() setrollbackonly() Client s Security Information getcallerprincipal() iscallerinrole(string s) 83
84 SessionContext extends EJBContext EJB Object Reference getejbobject() getejblocalobject() 84
85 Entity Beans
86 What Entity Bean represents? Entities are persistent Map to a relational database row It can represent Employee Customer Account Holder 86
87 for an example Employee Table empid ename salary 234 Zubair 5500 empid: 243 ename: Zubair sal: Nilesh Advait 7500 empid: 435 ename: Nilesh sal: 8750 empid: 653 ename: Advait sal:
88 Getting Entity Bean There are several ways to get the Entity bean Create a Bean Using create methods Find a Bean Using finder methods 88
89 Creating bean You can create a bean by calling create() on Home Stub In this case you ll get a new bean with every create() method And a new record will be added to your database table 89
90 Finding Bean You may don t want to create a new record always Sometimes you may wish to work with the existing records In such a scenario you can avail of a bean by calling findbymethods() It may use a bean from the pool If not then give you a new bean 90
91 Creating Entity Bean Zubair-o-Scope
92 create() way Bean Pool Client Home Object Home Object stub EJB Container Client Side JVM DB 92
93 Asking pool for a bean Bean Pool Client Home Object Home Object stub EJB Container Client Side JVM DB 93
94 Pool creating bean & context Bean Pool Context Client Home Object Home Object stub EJB Container Client Side JVM DB 94
95 Associating them with data Bean Pool Context Client Home Object Home Object stub EJB Container Client Side JVM DB 95
96 Taking bean from pool Bean Pool Context Home Object Client EJB Container Client Side JVM DB 96
97 Creating EJBObject EJB Object Context Bean Pool Home Object Client EJB Container Client Side JVM DB 97
98 Returns EJBObject EJB Object Context Bean Pool EJB Object stub Home Object Client EJB Container Client Side JVM DB 98
99 Finding Entity Bean Zubair-o-Scope
100 findbymethod() way Bean Pool Context Client Home Object Context Home Object stub EJB Container Client Side JVM DB 100
101 Looking for bean in Pool Bean Pool Context Client Home Object Context Home Object stub EJB Container Client Side JVM DB 101
102 Taking bean from the pool Bean Pool Context Client Home Object Context EJB Container Client Side JVM DB 102
103 Mapping it with data Bean Pool Context Client Home Object Context EJB Container Client Side JVM DB 103
104 Creating EJBObject EJB Object Context Bean Pool Context Home Object Client EJB Container Client Side JVM DB 104
105 Returns EJBObject EJB Object Context Bean Pool Context Client EJB Object stub Home Object EJB Container Client Side JVM DB 105
106 Help Me? Is there someway; where I ll work on object relationship and table and their relationship should get created automatically? Is there any possibility where two different clients working on the same record without locking it? Can I have a bean who takes care of database, so that I can concentrate only on the BL 106
107 Answer to all questions 107
108 In entity bean I may wish to have bean object relationships but Relationships are of types like One to One One to Many Many to Many Being a Java programmer I can achieve this with objects 108
109 Cont d But how I can make it work successfully among database tables? Guess the answer??? 109
110 Um Leave it on container Isn t that simple So, lets write bean without bothering about the database, tables, and relationships 110
111 Transaction Lets Get ATOMIC
112 Introduction An EJB transaction is an atomic unit of work A transaction means wrapping jobs into a single unit In such a way that either everything succeed Or everything reverts to its previous state 112
113 ACID Atomic Either all works, or all fails Consistent Whether it works or fails the data should stay consistent Isolated Multiple transactions should be isolated(protected) from one another Durable Once commit, the changes must become 113
114 Transaction in EJB Transactions can propagate through method calls on the bean When bean runs in a transaction then three different scenarios are possible The called method runs in the caller s transaction The called method runs in its own new transaction The called method runs without a transaction 114
115 How to Make/Get a Transaction? Two ways Code It Write transaction code in the bean Bean Managed Transaction (BMT) Declare It Declare transactions in the deployment descriptor Container Manages Transaction (CMT) Note: You can t use both in the same bean 115
116 Bean Managed Transaction (BMT) Every thing for Bean Managed Transaction is in UserTransaction javax.transaction.usertransaction begin() commit() rollback() setrollbackonly() getstatus() settransactiontimeout() 116
117 Who will give the UserTransaction Contact the Context
118 Making a BMT Transaction Three steps to follow Get a UserTransaction context.getusertransaction() Start the Transaction utxn.begin() End the transaction utxn.commit() utxn.rollback() 118
119 Must NOT do with BMT A BMT bean must NOT start a transaction before ending the current transaction Nested transactions are not allowed in BMT A BMT stateless bean or message driven bean must NOT complete a method without ending the transaction Note: Only stateful session bean can leave a transaction open at the end of a method 119
120 BMT Transaction are one way! The only transaction a BMT will run in is one that is created by the bean itself A BMT can be propagate out to CMT bean A CMT bean can run in transactions coming from both CMT and BMT No other transaction can propagate in to a BMT bean A BMT bean will never use any other bean s transaction Note: In this case the caller s transaction will 120
121 What is suspended transaction? The transaction just halt waiting for the BMT bean to complete its work Once the BMT method finishes, the original transaction kicks back in, right where it left off When a transaction is suspended It waits until it can pick up where it left off The things that happen while the transactions is suspended won t be rolled back If the suspended transaction fails to commit 121
122 Container Managed Transaction With CMT, transactions are started and completed by the Container CMT is based solely on the Deployment Descriptor The Application assembler mark some attribute in the deployment descriptor and that s it Attributes??? Yeah! They are Transaction Attributes 122
123 Throw an exception because the caller does 123 How Attributes work? Fortunately, there are only six of them When the method is called, the container uses the attribute to do one of five things Run the method in the caller s transaction Suspend the caller s transaction and start a new transaction Suspend the caller s transaction and run the method without a transaction Throw an exception because the caller does not have a transaction
124 Transaction Attributes Required If the method is called with an existing transaction context, the method run in that Else the container will start a new one RequiresNew The method will always run with a new transaction If the method is called with an existing transaction, caller s transaction will be suspended 124
125 Transaction Attributes (Continued) Mandatory Mandatory means Required Existing If the method is called without an existing transaction, The container throws exception! Supports If the method is called with an existing transaction, method runs in that If there isn t a transaction it runs with an Unspecified transaction context 125
126 Transaction Attributes (Continued) NotSupported Regardless of whether there is an existing transaction, the method will run in an Unspecified transaction context If the method is called with an existing transaction context, the transaction is suspended Never Never means No Pre-Existing If the method is called with an existing transaction context, the container throws an 126
127 Transaction s Death Any bean in the transaction can call setrollbackonly() to make sure transaction never commits UserTransaction and EJBContext houses this method The container won t end the transaction at that point but, when it does end it definitely won t commit Note: A bean that calls setrollbackonly() 127
128 When does a transaction end? On System exception In CMT When the method that started the transaction completes In BMT When the bean s code calls commit() or rollback() to end a transaction 128
129 Check the status If the transaction is never going to commit, why should the bean waste time with lots of code? CMT Death CMT beans call getrollbackonly() to find out the status of the transaction BMT Death BMT bean use getstatus() method to find out the transaction status 129
130 Distributed Transaction Most EJB container support distributed transaction through a two-phase commit protocol A Java EE server might have multiple participants in a transaction Once everyone is been told to commit there is no good way to undo So, before giving the signal to commit It need to make sure that everyone is ready for the same 130
131 Phase ONE Phase ONE is about checking the status of the participants Transaction manager is suppose to find out whether everyone is ready to perform All the participants are asked for the ready state 131
132 Phase TWO Depending on the result of Phase ONE Transaction manager tells all the participants to do it (Commit) Or asks them to forget it (Rollback) 132
133 Message Driven Bean MDB
134 Introduction Message Driven beans added in EJB 2.0 MDB is for achieving asynchronous communication between the client and the server In messaging term client is called as the Message Producer And the server or receiver is called the Message Consumer 134
135 Java Messaging Service Only when you need a JMS consumer A bean that can listen for messages from a JMS messaging service Client never call a message-driven bean directly, in order to get a message driven bean to do something, a client must send a message to a messaging service 135
136 MDB Overview Zubair-o-Scope
137 Client send a Message to the MS Messaging Service Bean Pool Context Client Context Client Side JVM EJB Container 137
138 Message delivered to the Container Messaging Service Bean Pool Context Client Context Client Side JVM EJB Container 138
139 Container Acknowledges Messaging Service Bean Pool Context Client Context Client Side JVM EJB Container 139
140 Taking bean out of the Pool Messaging Service Bean Pool Client Context Context Client Side JVM EJB Container 140
141 Invoking the beans onmessage Messaging Service Bean Pool Client Context Context Client Side JVM EJB Container 141
142 Bean is send back to the Pool Messaging Service Bean Pool Context Client Context Client Side JVM EJB Container 142
143 Message Process Multiple beans of the same type can process messages concurrently Container makes sure that each bean is thread safe onmessage is the only method MDB has 143
144 Bean Class A Message Driven bean class Should implement MessageDrivenBean setmessagedrivencontext() ejbremove() MessageListener onmessage() This apart MDB has an ejbcreate() method MDB s doesn t have Home or Client view interfaces 144
145 Messaging Service Messaging comes in two flavors Topic One to Many Publish/Subscribe Queue One to One Point-to-Point 145
146 Thank You Zubair Shaikh
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