Selenium Java Framework

Transcription

1 Selenium Java Framework Last updated: 10 July 2017 Pepgo Limited, Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London, WC2H 9JQ, United Kingdom

2 Contents Introduction... 3 About this document... 3 Naming conventions... 3 JUnit Unit Testing in Java... 4 JUnit Annotations... 4 JUnit Assert statements... 4 Create a JUnit test suite... 5 Run a JUnit test outside Eclipse... 6 How to build a JUnit Test - Example (in Eclipse):... 6 Example of a parameterised test... 8 EasyTest Data input and output... annotation Additional Maven settings for Linux EasyTest Example Installing and using Eclipse IDE with Maven Install Java first Install Eclipse IDE Disable logging A practical Selenium test example A Page Object example Helper library Highlight an Element (highlightelement) Verify Text Presence in page (istextpresent) If Click is not working use JavaScript (javascriptclick)... 26

3 Introduction This framework for using Selenium with Java is based on the JUnit framework, which is the most widely used framework for Unit Testing under Java. Many Java developers will already be familiar with JUnit and use it for their Unit tests. The JUnit framework is extended with EasyTest, which provides an easy open source data driven testing framework. It allows for data driven tests from a variety of input and output data sources (Microsoft Excel workbooks, CSV files, XML, and others), as well as basic reporting capabilities in multiple formats (Adobe PDF, Microsoft Excel, HTML). This framework also recommends the use of the Page Object pattern. The Page Object pattern represents web pages as classes with custom-made methods for interactions with the page. This makes tests more intuitively readable and also reduces the amount of duplicated code. If the User Interface changes, the fix needs to be applied in one place only. This framework also recommends to build a function library for general functions (a Helper class), as well as adding one or multiple application specific libraries. About this document This document gives a brief introduction to the framework and recommended Naming Conventions, before it explains the use of JUnit with EasyTest. It continues to describe the installation of the Eclipse IDE with Maven as build manager. Eclipse is the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) of choice for this framework, although other IDE s can be used as well. This section also includes recommended Maven settings. It then continues with samples for tests, Page Objects, and a generic Helper library: A sample test that should be used as a template for any tests built with this framework. A Page Object sample that should be used as a template for Page Objects used in this framework. A multi-purpose library that should be included (and extended over time) in all projects. Naming conventions Class names start with an upper case letter. Method names start with a lower case letter. Variables start with a 3 digit lower case prefix that indicates the type of the variable, such as str for String, int for Integer, boo for Boolean etc. Literal names are all upper case letters (and additional characters if needed). Page Object class names start with a prefix PageObject_. Policy class names start with a prefix Policy_.

4 JUnit Unit Testing in Java Typically unit tests are created in their own project or their own source folder to avoid that the normal code and the test code is mixed. JUnit is a test framework which uses annotations to identify methods that specify a test. Typically these test methods are contained in a class which is only used for testing. It is typically called a Test Class. JUnit assumes that all test methods can be executed in an arbitrary order. Therefore tests should not depend on other tests. To write a test with JUnit you annotate a method with annotation and use a method provided by JUnit to check the expected result of the code execution versus the actual result. JUnit Annotations public void public void public void public static void public static (expected = Description The identifies that a method is a test method. This method is executed before each test. This method can prepare the test environment (e.g. read input data, initialize the class). This method is executed after each test. This method can clean up the test environment (e.g. delete temporary data, restore defaults). It can also save memory by cleaning up expensive memory structures. This method is executed once, before the start of all tests. This can be used to perform time intensive activities, for example to connect to a database. Methods annotated with this annotation need to be defined as static to work with JUnit. This method is executed once, after all tests have been finished. This can be used to perform clean-up activities, for example to disconnect from a database. Methods annotated with this annotation need to be defined as static to work with JUnit. Ignores the test method. This is useful when the underlying code has been changed and the test case has not yet been adapted. Or if the execution time of this test is too long to be included. Fails, if the method does not throw the named exception. Fails, if the method takes longer than 100 milliseconds. JUnit Assert statements JUnit provides static methods in the Assert class to test for certain conditions. These methods typically start with asserts and allow you to specify the error message, the expected and the

5 actual result. The following table gives an overview of these methods. Parameters in [] brackets are optional. Statement fail(string) asserttrue([message], boolean condition) assertsequals([string message], expected, actual) assertsequals([string message], expected, actual, tolerance) assertnull([message], object) assertnotnull([message], object) assertsame([string], expected, actual) assertnotsame([string], expected, actual) Description Let the method fail. Might be used to check that a certain part of the code is not reached. Or to have a failing test before the test code is implemented. Checks that the boolean condition is true. Tests that two values are the same. Note: for arrays the reference is checked, not the content of the arrays. Test that float or double values match. The tolerance is the number of decimals which must be the same. Checks that the object is null. Checks that the object is not null. Checks that both variables refer to the same object. Checks that both variables refer to different objects. Create a JUnit test suite If you have several test classes you can combine them into a test suite. Running a test suite will execute all test classes in that suite. The following example code shows a test suite which defines that two test classes should be executed. If you want to add another test class you can add it statement. package com.pepgo.selenium; import org.junit.runner.runwith; import org.junit.runners.suite; MyFirstTest.class, MySecondTest.class ) public class TestSuiteRunner public static void setup() { // Only runs at the public static void teardown() { // Only runs at the end

6 Run a JUnit test outside Eclipse Eclipse provides support for running your test interactively in the Eclipse IDE. You can also run your JUnit tests outside Eclipse via standard Java code. The org.junit.runner.junitcore class provides the runclasses() method, which allows you to run one or several tests classes. As a return parameter you receive an object of the type org.junit.runner.result. This object can be used to retrieve information about the tests. The following example class JUnitTestRunner will execute your test class and write potential failures to the console. package com.pepgo.selenium; import org.junit.runner.junitcore; import org.junit.runner.result; import org.junit.runner.notification.failure; public class JUnitTestRunner { public static void main(string[] args) { try { Result result = JUnitCore.runClasses(JUnitTest.class); for (Failure failure : result.getfailures()) { System.out.println(failure.toString()); catch(exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); System.exit(0); How to build a JUnit Test - Example (in Eclipse): 1. Create the following class in a new project: package com.pepgo.selenium; public class JUnitExample { public int multiply (int x, int y) { // the following is just an example if (x > 999) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("X must be less than 1000"); return x / y; 2. Right-click on the new class in the Package Explorer view and select New -> JUnit Test Case. This will create a new JUnit test class. Set the name and the location of the test class,

7 and click Next to select the methods that need to be covered by the test: 3. Create the JUnit test with the following code: package com.pepgo.selenium; import static org.junit.assert.assertequals; import org.junit.afterclass; import org.junit.beforeclass; import org.junit.test; public class JUnitExampleTest public static void testsetup() public static void testcleanup() { // Teardown for data used by the unit = IllegalArgumentException.class) public void testexceptionisthrown() { JUnitExample tester = new JUnitExample(); tester.multiply(1000, public void testmultiply() {

8 try { JUnitExample tester = new JUnitExample(); assertequals("10 x 5 must be 50", 50, tester.multiply(10, 5)); catch(exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); System.exit(0); 4. Right-click on your new test class and select Run-As -> JUnit Test. The result will show one successful test and one failed test. The red bar indicates that at least one test failed. 5. One test failed because the method multiply (created in step 1) divides instead of multiplies. Change it from dividing to multiplying and run the test again. This time, it should show to successful test results: Note: Eclipse provides the shortcut Alt+Shift+X,T to run the test in the selected class. If you position the cursor on one method name, this shortcut runs only the selected test method. Another way to execute just one method is by right-clicking on the method in the JUnit view and selecting Run. Example of a parameterised test JUnit allows you to use parameters in a tests class. This class can contain one test method and this method is executed with the different parameters provided. You mark a test class as a parameterized test with annotation. Such a test class must contain a static method annotated that generates and returns a Collection of Arrays. Each item in this collection is used as the parameters for the test method.

9 You need also to create a constructor in which you store the values for each test. The number of elements in each array provided by the method annotated must correspond to the number of parameters in the constructor of the class. The class is created for each parameter and the test values are passed via the constructor to the class. The following example code runs the previous test with 3 iterations of data. Only one single parameter ( testparameter ) is used. package com.pepgo.selenium; import static org.junit.assert.assertequals; import java.util.arrays; import java.util.collection; import org.junit.test; import org.junit.runner.runwith; import org.junit.runners.parameterized; import public class JUnitParameterizedTest { private int multiplier; public JUnitParameterizedTest(int testparameter) { try { this.multiplier = testparameter; catch(exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); System.exit(0); // Creates the test public static Collection<Object[]> data() { Object[][] data = new Object[][] { { 1, { 5, { 121 ; return public void testmultiplyexception() { try { JUnitExample tester = new JUnitExample(); assertequals("result", multiplier * multiplier, tester.multiply(multiplier, multiplier)); catch(exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); System.exit(0);

10 Executing this test in Eclipse will produce the following result: EasyTest EasyTest is an open-source data driven testing framework based on the JUnit framework. EasyTest imports and exports test data from a variety of formats (Microsoft Excel, CSV text files, XML sources, and other data formats). EasyTest also has basic reporting capabilities to Adobe PDF format, Microsoft Excel, and HTML format. Data input and output EasyTest imports data per method. The first column in each (Microsoft Excel or CSV) input data file is therefore reserved for the name of the method that the data will be used with, for example for the method getexceltestdata : getexceltestdata itemid libraryid null 0 EasyTest saves any data that the test method returns into the same file as was used by the test class to load the test data for that method. The data gets saved under the heading annotation Reports can be generated by adding annotation at class level, for Report.EXPORT_FORMAT.XLS, reporttypes={report.report_type.default, Report.REPORT_TYPE.METHOD_DURATION, outputlocation="classpath:org/easetech/easytest/reports") Alternatively, the report generation can also be driven through command line parameters. Output formats are: PDF, HTML, XLS (optional, default is PDF). Report types are: DEFAULT, METHOD_DURATION (optional, default is default).

11 DEFAULT report is the original report that EasyTest generates. This report gives an overview of how many tests were executed per class, which input and output parameters that the tests used, what tests failed and what tests passed etc. METHOD_DURATION report is more detailed and captures the maximum, minimum, and average duration a test method took to execute and how many time a given test method was executed. The report is depicted as a bar graph with a table that lists the average, minimum, and maximum time a test method took. Output location: For exporting to a classpath use: classpath:, for exporting to a disk location use: file: (e.g. file:c:\\reporting ) (optional, default is local location). Additional Maven settings for Linux EasyTest reports use Microsoft fonts by default. This might be an issue on some Linux distributions (such as Ubuntu). The following Maven settings must be added in Linux: <repositories> <repository> <id>fdvsolution.public</id> <url> </repository> </repositories> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework</groupid> <artifactid>spring-core</artifactid> <version>4.3.9.release</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework</groupid> <artifactid>spring-beans</artifactid> <version>4.3.9.release</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>ar.com.fdvs</groupid> <artifactid>dynamicjasper-core-fonts</artifactid> <version>1.0</version> </dependency>

12 EasyTest Example The following test gets its settings from a separate policy class and the data from a Microsoft Excel workbook. 1. Test class: package com.pepgo.selenium; import org.easetech.easytest.annotation.*; import org.easetech.easytest.runner.datadriventestrunner; import org.junit.assert; import org.junit.test; public class TemperatureConverterSample public void testtocelsiusconverter(@param(name = "fahrenheit") int = "celsius") int intcelsiusresult) { try { int intcelsius = (intfahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9; System.out.println(intFahrenheit + " Fahrenheit = " + intcelsius + " Celsius"); // Assert the result from the business method with the celsius result that comes from the input data file Assert.assertEquals(intCelsiusResult, intcelsius); catch(exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); System.exit(0); 2. Test policy class (for running 5 threads in parallel): package com.pepgo.selenium; import = { reporttypes={report.report_type.default, public class Policy_TemperatureConverterSample { 3. The Microsoft Excel data file (Sheet1 of the file temperatureconversiondata.xls ):

13 testtocelsiusconverter fahrenheit celsius An extract from a sample Adobe PDF report generated by EasyTest:

14 Installing and using Eclipse IDE with Maven This section describes the installation and use of the Eclipse IDE (Integrated Development Environment) with Maven. It is of course also possible to use other Java IDE s. Install Java first On Microsoft Windows, it is required to install Java first as a perquisite to installing the Eclipse IDE. It is recommended to install the latest stable Oracle Java Development Kit (JDK). The Java Standard Edition (SE) should be sufficient, as the Java Enterprise Edition (EE) is usually only required for very large scale (Enterprise) projects. Many Linux distributions already include Java OpenJDK, the open-source implementation of the Java SE Platform. OpenJDK is almost entirely identical to Oracle Java and can be used as an alternative to Oracle Java. OpenJDK was established as an open-source alternative to Oracle Java, after Oracle Java became proprietary software. OpenJDK aims to provide the same functionality as Oracle Java. Install Eclipse IDE The recommended version of the Eclipse IDE is "Eclipse IDE for Java Developers", which can be downloaded from Once installed, a new Selenium project can be built: 1. Launch the Eclipse IDE. 2. Create a new project by selecting File -> New -> Other from the Eclipse main menu.

15 3. On the New dialog, select Maven -> Maven Project : 4. Next, in the New Maven Project dialog box; check the Create a simple project (skip archetype selection) checkbox and keep everything as default and click on the Next button:

16 5. On the New Maven Project dialog box, enter your project name (in this example com.pepgo.selenium ) in the Group Id: and Artifact Id: textboxes. You can also add a name and description. Keep everything else as default and click on the Finish button: 6. The project creation might take several minutes. Eclipse will create your project (in this example com.pepgo.selenium ) with a folder structure (in Package Explorer): On a fresh installation of Eclipse, it is likely that you will get a warning message that your built path points to a wrong execution environment. If you have this problem, then you can fix it with the following 7 steps: 1. Right-click on you project (in the Package Explorer) and select Properties. 2. Click on the Libraries tab. 3. Select the old library (for example "JRE System Library[J2SE 1.5]" and click on Remove. 4. Click on Add Library. 5. Click on JRE System Library and Next. 6. Select the new "Execution Environment" or Workspace default JRE. If you have just installed the Java JDK, then you will most likely want to just leave the selection Workspace

17 default JRE : 7. Add a package of the same name as the project (for example com.pepgo.selenium ) under the folder where you like to create your test classes (either /src/main/java or /src/test/java ), for example: 8. Select pom.xml from Package Explorer. This will open the (Maven) pom.xml file in the editor area with the Overview tab open. Select the pom.xml tab instead. 9. Replace the pom.xml settings with the following settings and save everything ( File -> Save all. <project xmlns=" xmlns:xsi=" xsi:schemalocation=" xsd"> <modelversion>4.0.0</modelversion> <groupid>com.pepgo.selenium</groupid> <artifactid>com.pepgo.selenium</artifactid> <packaging>jar</packaging> <version>1.0-snapshot</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupid> <artifactid>selenium-java</artifactid> <version>3.4.0</version> </dependency>

18 <dependency> <groupid>junit</groupid> <artifactid>junit</artifactid> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>log4j</groupid> <artifactid>log4j</artifactid> <version>1.2.17</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.slf4j</groupid> <artifactid>slf4j-api</artifactid> <version>1.7.25</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.slf4j</groupid> <artifactid>slf4j-log4j12</artifactid> <version>1.7.25</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.easetech</groupid> <artifactid>easytest-core</artifactid> <version>1.4.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.apache.poi</groupid> <artifactid>poi</artifactid> <version>3.16</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>xml-apis</groupid> <artifactid>xml-apis</artifactid> <version>2.0.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.apache.poi</groupid> <artifactid>poi-ooxml</artifactid> <version>3.16</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactid>xml-apis</artifactid> <groupid>xml-apis</groupid> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupid>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupid> <artifactid>maven-shade-plugin</artifactid> <version>3.0.0</version> <executions> <execution> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>shade</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> <configuration> <filters> <filter> <artifact>*:*</artifact> <excludes>

19 <exclude>meta-inf/*.sf</exclude> <exclude>meta-inf/*.dsa</exclude> <exclude>meta-inf/*.rsa</exclude> </excludes> </filter> </filters> <finalname>uber-${project.artifactid-${project.version</finalname> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> This pom.xml is a template that can and should be customised to individual requirements. It needs to be updated constantly with the latest version number for all artifacts. The latest settings for all artifacts can be queried from Artifact Required Used for selenium-java Yes Selenium functionality junit Yes JUnit unit testing framework log4j Yes Logging framework slf4j Yes Logging (simple facade for log4j) easytest-core Yes EasyTest framework poi No (optional) Apache POI is used for reading and writing Microsoft Excel files. It is often used in Selenium tests. xml-apis No (optional) XML handling, used for Apache POI maven-shade-plugin No (optional) This plugin provides the capability to package all artifacts in an uber-jar, which means that all jars will be packed into one giant jar that contains all Maven referenced artifacts. Having just one giant jar makes it much easier to deploy, as only a single file needs to be deployed. However, any project classes created and libraries added outside of Maven (for example Microsoft JDBC drivers) must be added manually to the uber-jar. This plugin makes up the whole <build> section. From experience, the Maven shade plugin often fails to create valid Java manifest files, which is why this template includes <excludes> settings. Disable logging To switch off (log4j) logging, the following log4j.xml file needs to be placed in the desired target path ( classes or test-classes ), for example in \workspace\com.pepgo.selenium\target\classes : <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd"> <log4j:configuration threshold="off"> <appender name="console" class="org.apache.log4j.consoleappender"> <param name="threshold" value="off" /> </appender> <appender name="rolling-file" class="org.apache.log4j.consoleappender">

20 <param name="threshold" value="off" /> </appender> </log4j:configuration>

21 A practical Selenium test example This tests uses Google Chrome to collect the current time and date of the world s biggest 10 metropolitan areas. The input data comes from a Microsoft Excel workbook. 1. Test class: package com.pepgo.selenium; import static org.junit.assert.fail; import java.util.concurrent.timeunit; import org.easetech.easytest.annotation.*; import org.easetech.easytest.runner.datadriventestrunner; import org.junit.assert; import org.junit.beforeclass; import org.junit.test; import org.junit.afterclass; import org.junit.runner.runwith; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class WorldCityTimeSample { private static WebDriver driver; private WebElement elem; private String strcityurl, strtime, strdate; private static StringBuffer verificationerrors = new public static void setup() { try { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Selenium\\chromedriver.exe"); driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlywait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); catch(exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); public void queryworldcitytime(@param(name = "city") String strcity) { try { // Replace possible spaces in city names with %20 (for URL) strcityurl = strcity.replace(" ", "%20"); // Get web page driver.get(" + strcityurl); // Read time as string elem = driver.findelement(by.xpath("//div[@class='vk_bk vk_ans']")); strtime = elem.gettext(); // Read date as string elem = driver.findelement(by.xpath("//div[@class='vk_gy vk_sh']")); strdate = elem.gettext(); // Write message to console System.out.println("The time in " + strcity + " is " + strtime + " on " + strdate + "."); // Assert that time been retrieved Assert.assertNotEquals(strTime.length(), 0); // Assert that date been retrieved Assert.assertNotEquals(strDate.length(), 0);

22 // Wait 3 seconds to avoid Google captchas Thread.sleep(3000); catch(exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); public static void teardown() { try { driver.quit(); String verificationerrorstring = verificationerrors.tostring(); if (!"".equals(verificationerrorstring)) { fail(verificationerrorstring); catch(exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); System.exit(0); 2. Test Policy class: package com.pepgo.selenium; import org.easetech.easytest.annotation.dataloader; import org.easetech.easytest.annotation.format; import = { reporttypes={report.report_type.default, outputlocation="file:c:\\temp") public class Policy_WorldCityTimeSample { 3. The Microsoft Excel data file (sheet1 of the workbook temperatureconversiondata.xls ): queryworldcitytime City Tokyo Jakarta Seoul Delhi Shanghai Manila Karachi New York Sao Paulo Mexico City

23 A Page Object example This example uses a Selenium Page Object to retrieve Google search pages for the keywords London, Paris and New York. It uses standard JUnit functionality without EasyTest. It is good practise in Selenium to collect actions on a page into a Page Object. The resulting methods allow the abstraction from the underlying Selenium program code and increase the readability and maintainability of the tests, particularly in large test suites. Calling test class: package com.pepgo.selenium; import static org.junit.assert.fail; import java.util.concurrent.timeunit; import org.junit.beforeclass; import org.junit.test; import org.junit.afterclass; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.chromedriver; public class GoogleSearchSample { private static WebDriver driver; private static StringBuffer verificationerrors = new public static void setup() { try { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Selenium\\chromedriver.exe"); driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlywait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); catch(exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); public void searchforusingpageobject() { try { // Initialise the page object PageObject_GoogleSearchSample pageone = new PageObject_GoogleSearchSample(driver).get(); // Use the page object pageone.searchfor("london"); pageone.searchfor("paris"); pageone.searchfor("new York"); catch(exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); public static void teardown() { try { driver.quit();

24 String strverificationerrorstring = verificationerrors.tostring(); if (!"".equals(strverificationerrorstring)) { fail(strverificationerrorstring); catch(exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); System.exit(0); Page Object class: package com.pepgo.selenium; import org.junit.assert; import org.openqa.selenium.support.findby; import org.openqa.selenium.support.how; import org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.loadablecomponent; import org.openqa.selenium.webdriver; import org.openqa.selenium.webelement; public class PageObject_GoogleSearchSample extends LoadableComponent<PageObject_GoogleSearchSample> { private WebDriver driver; // This element is looked up using the name = How.NAME, using = "q") private WebElement googlesearchbox; // This element is looked up using the ID = How.ID, using = "gbqfba") private WebElement googlesearchbutton; // Constructor public PageObject_GoogleSearchSample(WebDriver driver) throws Exception { this.driver = driver; // This call sets the WebElement fields PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // ATTENTION: The load() method is only called AFTER the isloaded() protected void load() { protected void isloaded() throws Error { this.load(); Assert.assertEquals("Google", driver.gettitle()); // Custom method public void searchfor(string searchterm) throws Exception { // Continue using the element just as before googlesearchbox.clear(); googlesearchbox.sendkeys(searchterm); googlesearchbutton.submit();

25 // Display the page for 5 seconds (just for visual confirmation, not necessary as program code) try { Thread.sleep(5000); catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printstacktrace(); // Reset the application to the initial state by calling the load() method again this.load();

26 Helper library The helper library is class with static type of behaviour that provides general purpose functions. These functions can therefore be called from tests using the syntax: Helper.functionname(Parmeters ) Highlight an Element (highlightelement) While debugging, sometimes it is very helpful if the element you are going to interact with can be highlighted. The function will create a border around the element. Verify Text Presence in page (istextpresent) This function returns true if a text is shown on a page and false if it isen t. If Click is not working use JavaScript (javascriptclick) There may be times when the click API provided by WebDriver is not working, or it is not returning the control. You can use JavaScript to click on the element at this time. package com.pepgo.selenium; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class Helper { // Use a private constructor to make the class "static" private Helper(){ // Highlight an element on a web page public static void highlightelement(webdriver driver, WebElement element) throws Exception { ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executescript("arguments[0].setattribute(arguments[1],arguments[2])", element, "style", "border: 2px solid yellow; color: yellow; font-weight: bold;"); { // Check if a text is displayed on a web page public static boolean istextpresent(webdriver driver, String strtext) throws Exception if (driver.getpagesource().contains(strtext)) return true; else return false; // Click using JavaScript public static void javascriptclick(webdriver driver, WebElement element) throws Exception { ((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("arguments[0].click();", element);