Pipelined Datapath. One register file is enough
|
|
- Blaise Reed
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ipelined path The goal of pipelining is to allow multiple instructions execute at the same time We may need to perform several operations in a cycle Increment the and add s at the same time. Fetch one instruction while another one reads or writes. lock cycle lw $t, ($sp) IF ID E E sub$v, $a, $a IF ID E E and$t, $t, $t3 IF ID E E or $s, $s, $s IF ID E E add$t5, $t6, $ IF ID E E Thus, like the single-cycle path, a pipelined processor needs to duplicate hardware elements that are needed in the same clock cycle One file is enough We need only one file to support both the ID and stages. s and writes go to separate ports on the file s occur in the first half of the cycle, reads occur in the second half
2 Single-cycle path, slightly rearranged Src Reg [3-] em ress Src Op emtoreg Instr [5 - ] Instr [ - 6] Instr [5 - ] RegDst em 3 What s been changed? Almost nothing! This is equivalent to the original single-cycle path There are separate memories for instructions and There are adders for -based computations and one The control signals are the same Only some cosmetic changes were made to make the diagram smaller A few labels are missing, and the muxes are smaller. The has only one ress input. The actual operation can be determined from the em and em control signals. The path components have also been moved around in preparation for adding pipeline s
3 ultiple cycles In pipelining, instruction is execution divided into multiple cycles Information computed during one cycle may be needed in a later cycle The instruction read in the IF stage determines which s are fetched in the ID stage, what constant is used for the E stage, and what the destination is for The s read in ID are used in the E and/or E stages The output produced in the E stage is an effective for the E stage or a result for the stage We added several intermediate s to the multicycle path to preserve information between stages, as highlighted on the next slide 5 added to the multi-cycle IorD SrcA u x em ress emory em em IR [3-6] [5-] [-6] [5-] [5-] RegDst u x Reg A B u x 3 Op Out u x Source emory u x SrcB emtoreg 6 3
4 ipeline s We ll add intermediate s to our pipelined path There s a lot of information to save, however. We ll simplify our diagrams by drawing just one big pipeline between each stage The s are named for the stages they connect. ID/E E/E E/ No is needed after the stage, because after the instruction is done 7 ipelined path Src ID/E E/E E/ Reg [3-] em ress Src Op emtoreg Instr [5 - ] Instr [ - 6] Instr [5 - ] RegDst em
5 ropagating values forward Any values required in later stages must be propagated through the pipeline s The most extreme example is the destination The rd field of the instruction word, retrieved in the first stage (IF), determines the destination. But that isn t updated until the fifth stage () Thus, the rd field must be passed through all of the pipeline stages, as shown in red on the next slide Notice that we can t keep a single instruction like we did before in the multicycle path, because the pipelined machine needs to fetch a new instruction every clock cycle The destination Src ID/E E/E E/ Reg [3-] em ress Src Op emtoreg Instr [5 - ] Instr [ - 6] Instr [5 - ] RegDst em 5
6 What about control signals? The control signals are generated in the same way as in the single-cycle processor after an instruction is fetched, the processor decodes it and produces all of the appropriate control values But just like before, some of the control signals will not be needed until some later stage and clock cycle These signals must be propagated through the pipeline until they reach the appropriate stage. We can just pass them in the pipeline s, along with the other. ontrol signals can be categorized by the pipeline stage that uses them ipelined path and control ID/E Src ontrol E/E E/ E Reg [3-] em ress Stage ontrol Instr [5 signals - ] needed E Src Op RegDst Instr [ - 6] E em Instr em [5 - ] Src Reg emtoreg Src RegDst Op em emtoreg 6
7 ipelined path and control ID/E Src ontrol E/E E/ E Reg [3-] em ress Src Op emtoreg Instr [5 - ] Instr [ - 6] Instr [5 - ] RegDst em 3 Notes about the diagram The control signals are grouped together in the pipeline s, just to make the diagram a little clearer. Not all of the s have a write enable signal Because the path fetches one instruction per cycle, the must also be updated on each clock cycle. Including a write enable for the would be redundant Similarly, the pipeline s are also written on every cycle, so no explicit write signals are needed 7
8 An example execution sequence Here s a sample sequence of instructions to execute. es in decimal : lw $, ($) : sub $, $, $5 : and $, $, $ : or $6, $7, $ 6: add $3, $, $ ake some assumptions about actual values Each contains its number plus. For instance, $ contains, $ contains, etc Every location contains. Our pipeline diagrams will follow some conventions: An indicates values that aren t important, like the constant field of an R-type instruction Question marks indicate values we don t know, usually resulting from instructions coming before and after the ones in our example 5 ycle (filling) IF: lw $, ($) ID: E: E: : Src ontrol Reg (?) ID/E E E/E E/ [3-] Src (?) RegDst (?) Op () em (?) ress em (?) emtoreg (?) 6
9 ycle IF: sub $, $, $5 ID: lw $, ($) E: E: : Src [3-] ontrol Reg (?) ID/E E Src (?) RegDst (?) Op () E/E em (?) ress em (?) E/ emtoreg (?) 7 ycle 3 IF: and $, $, $ ID: sub $, $, $5 E: lw $, ($) E: : Src [3-] 5 ontrol Reg (?) 5 ID/E E Src () RegDst () Op (add) 33 E/E em (?) ress em (?) E/ emtoreg (?)
10 ycle IF: or $6, $7, $ ID: and $, $, $ E: sub $, $, $5 E: lw $, ($) : Src 6 [3-] ontrol Reg (?) ID/E E 5 Src () RegDst () Op (sub) E/E 33 em () ress em () E/ emtoreg (?) ycle 5 (full) IF: add $3, $, $ ID: or $6, $7, $ E: and $, $, $ E: sub $, $, $5 : lw $, ($) 6 Src [3-] 7 6 ontrol Reg () 7 ID/E E Src () RegDst () Op (and) E/E - 5 em () ress em () E/ emtoreg () 33
11 ycle 6 (emptying) IF: ID: add $3, $, $ E: or $6, $7, $ E: and $, $, $ : sub $, $, $5 Src [3-] - 3 ontrol Reg () ID/E E 6 7 Src () RegDst () Op (or) 6 E/E em () ress em () E/ emtoreg () ycle 7 IF: ID: E: add $3, $, $ E: or $6, $7, $ : and $, $, $ Src [3-] ontrol Reg () ID/E E 3 Src () RegDst () Op (add) 3 E/E 6 em () ress em () E/ emtoreg ()
12 ycle IF: ID: E: E: add $3, $, $ : or $6, $7, $ Src [3-] 6 ontrol Reg () ID/E E Src (?) RegDst (?) Op () E/E 3 em () ress em () E/ emtoreg () 6 3 ycle IF: ID: E: E: : add $3, $, $ Src [3-] 3 ontrol Reg () ID/E E Src (?) RegDst (?) Op () E/E? em (?) ress em (?) E/ emtoreg () 3
13 That s a lot of diagrams there lock cycle lw $t, ($sp) IF ID E E sub$v, $a, $a IF ID E E and$t, $t, $t3 IF ID E E or $s, $s, $s IF ID E E add$t5, $t6, $ IF ID E E ompare the last nine slides with the pipeline diagram above You can see how instruction executions are overlapped Each functional unit is used by a different instruction in each cycle The pipeline s save control and values generated in previous clock cycles for later use When the pipeline is full in clock cycle 5, all of the hardware units are utilized. This is the ideal situation, and what makes pipelined processors so fast 5 erformance Revisited Assuming the following functional unit latencies: 3ns ns ns 3ns ns Inst mem Reg em Reg What is the cycle time of a single-cycle implementation? What is its throughput? What is the cycle time of a ideal pipelined implementation? What is its steady-state throughput? How much faster is pipelining? 6 3
14 Ideal speedup lock cycle lw $t, ($sp) IF ID E E sub$v, $a, $a IF ID E E and$t, $t, $t3 IF ID E E or $s, $s, $s IF ID E E add$sp, $sp, - IF ID E E This implies that the maximum speedup is 5 times In general, the ideal speedup equals the pipeline depth Why was our speedup on the previous slide only x? The pipeline stages are imbalanced: a file and operations can be done in ns, but we must stretch that out to 3ns to keep the ID, E, and stages synchronized with IF and E Balancing the stages is one of the many hard parts in designing a pipelined processor 7 The pipelining paradox lock cycle lw $t, ($sp) IF ID E E sub$v, $a, $a IF ID E E and$t, $t, $t3 IF ID E E or $s, $s, $s IF ID E E add$sp, $sp, - IF ID E E ipelining does not improve the execution time of any single instruction. Each instruction here actually takes longer to execute than in a single-cycle path (5ns vs. ns)! Instead, pipelining increases the throughput, or the amount of work done per unit time. Here, several instructions are executed together in a clock cycle The result is improved execution time for a sequence of instructions, such as an entire program
15 set architectures & pipelining The IS instruction set was designed especially for easy pipelining. All instructions are 3-bits long, so the instruction fetch stage just needs to read one word on every clock cycle Fields are in the same position in different instruction formats the opcode is always the first six bits, rs is the next five bits, etc. This makes things easy for the ID stage IS is a -to- architecture, so arithmetic operations cannot contain references. This keeps the pipeline shorter and simpler ipelining is harder for older, more complex ISAs If different instructions had different lengths or formats, the fetch and decode stages would need extra time to determine the actual length of each instruction and the position of the fields With -to- instructions, additional pipeline stages may be needed to compute effective es and read before the E stage Summary The pipelined path combines ideas from the single and multicycle processors that we saw earlier It uses multiple memories and s execution is split into several stages ipeline s propagate and control values to later stages The IS instruction set architecture supports pipelining with uniform instruction formats and simple ing modes Next, we ll begin talking about Hazards 3 5
CSE 2021 Computer Organization. Hugh Chesser, CSEB 1012U W12-M
CSE 22 Computer Organization Hugh Chesser, CSEB 2U W2- Graphical Representation Time 2 6 8 add $s, $t, $t IF ID E E Decode / Execute emory Back fetch from / stage into the instruction register file. Shading
More informationCO Computer Architecture and Programming Languages CAPL. Lecture 18 & 19
CO2-3224 Computer Architecture and Programming Languages CAPL Lecture 8 & 9 Dr. Kinga Lipskoch Fall 27 Single Cycle Disadvantages & Advantages Uses the clock cycle inefficiently the clock cycle must be
More information3/12/2014. Single Cycle (Review) CSE 2021: Computer Organization. Single Cycle with Jump. Multi-Cycle Implementation. Why Multi-Cycle?
CSE 2021: Computer Organization Single Cycle (Review) Lecture-10b CPU Design : Pipelining-1 Overview, Datapath and control Shakil M. Khan 2 Single Cycle with Jump Multi-Cycle Implementation Instruction:
More informationThe extra single-cycle adders
lticycle Datapath As an added bons, we can eliminate some of the etra hardware from the single-cycle path. We will restrict orselves to sing each fnctional nit once per cycle, jst like before. Bt since
More informationSingle-Cycle Examples, Multi-Cycle Introduction
Single-Cycle Examples, ulti-cycle Introduction 1 Today s enu Single cycle examples Single cycle machines vs. multi-cycle machines Why multi-cycle? Comparative performance Physical and Logical Design of
More informationECE 154A Introduction to. Fall 2012
ECE 154A Introduction to Computer Architecture Fall 2012 Dmitri Strukov Lecture 10 Floating point review Pipelined design IEEE Floating Point Format single: 8 bits double: 11 bits single: 23 bits double:
More informationCSE 2021 Computer Organization. Hugh Chesser, CSEB 1012U W9-W
CSE 22 Computer Organization Hugh Chesser, CSEB 2U Agenda Topics:. Single Cycle Review (Sample Exam/Quiz Q) 2. ultiple cycle implementation Patterson: Section 4.5 Reminder: Quiz #2 Next Wednesday (November
More informationComputer Science 141 Computing Hardware
Computer Science 4 Computing Hardware Fall 6 Harvard University Instructor: Prof. David Brooks dbrooks@eecs.harvard.edu Upcoming topics Mon, Nov th MIPS Basic Architecture (Part ) Wed, Nov th Basic Computer
More informationMulticycle conclusion
Multicycle conclusion The last few lectures covered a lot of material! We introduced a multicycle datapath, where different instructions take different numbers of cycles to execute. A multicycle unit is
More informationChapter 3 & Appendix C Pipelining Part A: Basic and Intermediate Concepts
CS359: Computer Architecture Chapter 3 & Appendix C Pipelining Part A: Basic and Intermediate Concepts Yanyan Shen Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Parallel
More informationProcessor Design CSCE Instructor: Saraju P. Mohanty, Ph. D. NOTE: The figures, text etc included in slides are borrowed
Lecture 3: General Purpose Processor Design CSCE 665 Advanced VLSI Systems Instructor: Saraju P. ohanty, Ph. D. NOTE: The figures, tet etc included in slides are borrowed from various books, websites,
More informationCOMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN. 5 th Edition. The Hardware/Software Interface. Chapter 4. The Processor
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN The Hardware/Software Interface 5 th Edition Chapter 4 The Processor Introduction CPU performance factors Instruction count Determined by ISA and compiler CPI and Cycle
More informationMulti-cycle Approach. Single cycle CPU. Multi-cycle CPU. Requires state elements to hold intermediate values. one clock cycle or instruction
Multi-cycle Approach Single cycle CPU State element Combinational logic State element clock one clock cycle or instruction Multi-cycle CPU Requires state elements to hold intermediate values State Element
More informationPipelining Analogy. Pipelined laundry: overlapping execution. Parallelism improves performance. Four loads: Non-stop: Speedup = 8/3.5 = 2.3.
Pipelining Analogy Pipelined laundry: overlapping execution Parallelism improves performance Four loads: Speedup = 8/3.5 = 2.3 Non-stop: Speedup =2n/05n+15 2n/0.5n 1.5 4 = number of stages 4.5 An Overview
More informationThe Processor. Z. Jerry Shi Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Connecticut. CSE3666: Introduction to Computer Architecture
The Processor Z. Jerry Shi Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Connecticut CSE3666: Introduction to Computer Architecture Introduction CPU performance factors Instruction count
More informationCOMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN. 5 th Edition. The Hardware/Software Interface. Chapter 4. The Processor
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN The Hardware/Software Interface 5 th Edition Chapter 4 The Processor COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN The Hardware/Software Interface 5 th Edition The Processor - Introduction
More informationChapter 4. Instruction Execution. Introduction. CPU Overview. Multiplexers. Chapter 4 The Processor 1. The Processor.
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN The Hardware/Software Interface 5 th Edition COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN The Hardware/Software Interface 5 th Edition Chapter 4 The Processor The Processor - Introduction
More informationCPE 335 Computer Organization. Basic MIPS Architecture Part I
CPE 335 Computer Organization Basic MIPS Architecture Part I Dr. Iyad Jafar Adapted from Dr. Gheith Abandah slides http://www.abandah.com/gheith/courses/cpe335_s8/index.html CPE232 Basic MIPS Architecture
More informationEE 457 Unit 6a. Basic Pipelining Techniques
EE 47 Unit 6a Basic Pipelining Techniques 2 Pipelining Introduction Consider a drink bottling plant Filling the bottle = 3 sec. Placing the cap = 3 sec. Labeling = 3 sec. Would you want Machine = Does
More informationThe final datapath. M u x. Add. 4 Add. Shift left 2. PCSrc. RegWrite. MemToR. MemWrite. Read data 1 I [25-21] Instruction. Read. register 1 Read.
The final path PC 4 Add Reg Shift left 2 Add PCSrc Instrction [3-] Instrction I [25-2] I [2-6] I [5 - ] register register 2 register 2 Registers ALU Zero Reslt ALUOp em Data emtor RegDst ALUSrc em I [5
More informationReview: Abstract Implementation View
Review: Abstract Implementation View Split memory (Harvard) model - single cycle operation Simplified to contain only the instructions: memory-reference instructions: lw, sw arithmetic-logical instructions:
More informationPipelined Datapath. Reading. Sections Practice Problems: 1, 3, 8, 12 (2) Lecture notes from MKP, H. H. Lee and S.
Pipelined Datapath Lecture notes from KP, H. H. Lee and S. Yalamanchili Sections 4.5 4. Practice Problems:, 3, 8, 2 ing (2) Pipeline Performance Assume time for stages is ps for register read or write
More informationChapter 4 (Part II) Sequential Laundry
Chapter 4 (Part II) The Processor Baback Izadi Division of Engineering Programs bai@engr.newpaltz.edu Sequential Laundry 6 P 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 A T a s k O r d e r A B C D 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
More informationBasic Instruction Timings. Pipelining 1. How long would it take to execute the following sequence of instructions?
Basic Instruction Timings Pipelining 1 Making some assumptions regarding the operation times for some of the basic hardware units in our datapath, we have the following timings: Instruction class Instruction
More informationProcessor: Multi- Cycle Datapath & Control
Processor: Multi- Cycle Datapath & Control (Based on text: David A. Patterson & John L. Hennessy, Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface, 3 rd Ed., Morgan Kaufmann, 27) COURSE
More informationProcessor (multi-cycle)
CS359: Computer Architecture Processor (multi-cycle) Yanyan Shen Department of Computer Science and Engineering Five Instruction Steps ) Instruction Fetch ) Instruction Decode and Register Fetch 3) R-type
More informationCOMP2611: Computer Organization. The Pipelined Processor
COMP2611: Computer Organization The 1 2 Background 2 High-Performance Processors 3 Two techniques for designing high-performance processors by exploiting parallelism: Multiprocessing: parallelism among
More informationMark Redekopp and Gandhi Puvvada, All rights reserved. EE 357 Unit 15. Single-Cycle CPU Datapath and Control
EE 37 Unit Single-Cycle CPU path and Control CPU Organization Scope We will build a CPU to implement our subset of the MIPS ISA Memory Reference Instructions: Load Word (LW) Store Word (SW) Arithmetic
More informationECE 313 Computer Organization EXAM 2 November 9, 2001
ECE 33 Computer Organization EA 2 November 9, 2 This exam is open book and open notes. You have 5 minutes. Credit for problems requiring calculation will be given only if you show your work. Choose and
More informationRISC Design: Multi-Cycle Implementation
RISC Design: Multi-Cycle Implementation Virendra Singh Associate Professor Computer Architecture and Dependable Systems Lab Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay http://www.ee.iitb.ac.in/~viren/
More informationChapter 4. The Processor
Chapter 4 The Processor Introduction CPU performance factors Instruction count Determined by ISA and compiler CPI and Cycle time Determined by CPU hardware We will examine two MIPS implementations A simplified
More informationChapter 4. The Processor
Chapter 4 The Processor Introduction CPU performance factors Instruction count Determined by ISA and compiler CPI and Cycle time Determined by CPU hardware We will examine two MIPS implementations A simplified
More informationMore advanced CPUs. August 4, Howard Huang 1
More advanced CPUs In the last two weeks we presented the design of a basic processor. The datapath performs operations on register and memory data. A control unit translates program instructions into
More informationImproving Performance: Pipelining
Improving Performance: Pipelining Memory General registers Memory ID EXE MEM WB Instruction Fetch (includes PC increment) ID Instruction Decode + fetching values from general purpose registers EXE EXEcute
More informationPipelined Datapath. Reading. Sections Practice Problems: 1, 3, 8, 12
Pipelined Datapath Lecture notes from KP, H. H. Lee and S. Yalamanchili Sections 4.5 4. Practice Problems:, 3, 8, 2 ing Note: Appendices A-E in the hardcopy text correspond to chapters 7- in the online
More informationPipelined Processor Design
Pipelined Processor Design Pipelined Implementation: MIPS Virendra Singh Computer Design and Test Lab. Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore virendra@computer.org Advance Computer Architecture http://www.serc.iisc.ernet.in/~viren/courses/aca/aca.htm
More informationChapter 4 The Processor 1. Chapter 4A. The Processor
Chapter 4 The Processor 1 Chapter 4A The Processor Chapter 4 The Processor 2 Introduction CPU performance factors Instruction count Determined by ISA and compiler CPI and Cycle time Determined by CPU hardware
More informationReview Multicycle: What is Happening. Controlling The Multicycle Design
Review lticycle: What is Happening Reslt Zero Op SrcA SrcB Registers Reg Address emory em Data Sign etend Shift left Sorce A B Ot [-6] [5-] [-6] [5-] [5-] Instrction emory IR RegDst emtoreg IorD em em
More informationDesigning a Pipelined CPU
Designing a Pipelined CPU CSE 4, S2'6 Review -- Single Cycle CPU CSE 4, S2'6 Review -- ultiple Cycle CPU CSE 4, S2'6 Review -- Instruction Latencies Single-Cycle CPU Load Ifetch /Dec Exec em Wr ultiple
More informationLecture 5: The Processor
Lecture 5: The Processor CSCE 26 Computer Organization Instructor: Saraju P. ohanty, Ph. D. NOTE: The figures, text etc included in slides are borrowed from various books, websites, authors pages, and
More informationMulticycle Approach. Designing MIPS Processor
CSE 675.2: Introduction to Computer Architecture Multicycle Approach 8/8/25 Designing MIPS Processor (Multi-Cycle) Presentation H Slides by Gojko Babić and Elsevier Publishing We will be reusing functional
More informationThe single-cycle design from last time
lticycle path Last time we saw a single-cycle path and control nit for or simple IPS-based instrction set. A mlticycle processor fies some shortcomings in the single-cycle CPU. Faster instrctions are not
More informationInf2C - Computer Systems Lecture 12 Processor Design Multi-Cycle
Inf2C - Computer Systems Lecture 12 Processor Design Multi-Cycle Boris Grot School of Informatics University of Edinburgh Previous lecture: single-cycle processor Inf2C Computer Systems - 2017-2018. Boris
More informationCOSC 6385 Computer Architecture - Pipelining
COSC 6385 Computer Architecture - Pipelining Fall 2006 Some of the slides are based on a lecture by David Culler, Instruction Set Architecture Relevant features for distinguishing ISA s Internal storage
More informationBasic Pipelining Concepts
Basic ipelining oncepts Appendix A (recommended reading, not everything will be covered today) Basic pipelining ipeline hazards Data hazards ontrol hazards Structural hazards Multicycle operations Execution
More informationThe overall datapath for RT, lw,sw beq instrucution
Designing The Main Control Unit: Remember the three instruction classes {R-type, Memory, Branch}: a) R-type : Op rs rt rd shamt funct 1.src 2.src dest. 31-26 25-21 20-16 15-11 10-6 5-0 a) Memory : Op rs
More informationLecture 5 and 6. ICS 152 Computer Systems Architecture. Prof. Juan Luis Aragón
ICS 152 Computer Systems Architecture Prof. Juan Luis Aragón Lecture 5 and 6 Multicycle Implementation Introduction to Microprogramming Readings: Sections 5.4 and 5.5 1 Review of Last Lecture We have seen
More informationCOMP303 - Computer Architecture Lecture 10. Multi-Cycle Design & Exceptions
COP33 - Computer Architecture Lecture ulti-cycle Design & Exceptions Single Cycle Datapath We designed a processor that requires one cycle per instruction RegDst busw 32 Clk RegWr Rd ux imm6 Rt 5 5 Rs
More informationLecture 7 Pipelining. Peng Liu.
Lecture 7 Pipelining Peng Liu liupeng@zju.edu.cn 1 Review: The Single Cycle Processor 2 Review: Given Datapath,RTL -> Control Instruction Inst Memory Adr Op Fun Rt
More informationCS 61C: Great Ideas in Computer Architecture Pipelining and Hazards
CS 61C: Great Ideas in Computer Architecture Pipelining and Hazards Instructors: Vladimir Stojanovic and Nicholas Weaver http://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61c/sp16 1 Pipelined Execution Representation Time
More informationComputer and Information Sciences College / Computer Science Department The Processor: Datapath and Control
Computer and Information Sciences College / Computer Science Department The Processor: Datapath and Control Chapter 5 The Processor: Datapath and Control Big Picture: Where are We Now? Performance of a
More informationMultiple Cycle Data Path
Multiple Cycle Data Path CS 365 Lecture 7 Prof. Yih Huang CS365 1 Multicycle Approach Break up the instructions into steps, each step takes a cycle balance the amount of work to be done restrict each cycle
More informationComputer Architectures. DLX ISA: Pipelined Implementation
Computer Architectures L ISA: Pipelined Implementation 1 The Pipelining Principle Pipelining is nowadays the main basic technique deployed to speed-up a CP. The key idea for pipelining is general, and
More informationMIPS Pipelining. Computer Organization Architectures for Embedded Computing. Wednesday 8 October 14
MIPS Pipelining Computer Organization Architectures for Embedded Computing Wednesday 8 October 14 Many slides adapted from: Computer Organization and Design, Patterson & Hennessy 4th Edition, 2011, MK
More information14:332:331 Pipelined Datapath
14:332:331 Pipelined Datapath I n s t r. O r d e r Inst 0 Inst 1 Inst 2 Inst 3 Inst 4 Single Cycle Disadvantages & Advantages Uses the clock cycle inefficiently the clock cycle must be timed to accommodate
More informationPipelining: Basic Concepts
Pipelining: Basic Concepts Prof. Cristina Silvano Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione Politecnico di ilano email: silvano@elet.polimi.it Outline Reduced Instruction Set of IPS Processor Implementation
More informationCOMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN 5 Edition th The Hardware/Software Interface Chapter 4 The Processor 4.1 Introduction Introduction CPU performance factors Instruction count CPI and Cycle time Determined
More informationCPE 335. Basic MIPS Architecture Part II
CPE 335 Computer Organization Basic MIPS Architecture Part II Dr. Iyad Jafar Adapted from Dr. Gheith Abandah slides http://www.abandah.com/gheith/courses/cpe335_s08/index.html CPE232 Basic MIPS Architecture
More informationSI232 Set #20: Laundry, Co-dependency, and other Hazards of Modern (Architecture) Life. Chapter 6 ADMIN. Reading for Chapter 6: 6.1,
SI232 Set #20: Laundry, Co-dependency, and other Hazards of Modern (Architecture) Life Chapter 6 ADMIN ing for Chapter 6: 6., 6.9-6.2 2 Midnight Laundry Task order A 6 PM 7 8 9 0 2 2 AM B C D 3 Smarty
More informationECS 154B Computer Architecture II Spring 2009
ECS 154B Computer Architecture II Spring 2009 Pipelining Datapath and Control 6.2-6.3 Partially adapted from slides by Mary Jane Irwin, Penn State And Kurtis Kredo, UCD Pipelined CPU Break execution into
More informationCSE 141 Computer Architecture Spring Lectures 11 Exceptions and Introduction to Pipelining. Announcements
CSE 4 Computer Architecture Spring 25 Lectures Exceptions and Introduction to Pipelining May 4, 25 Announcements Reading Assignment Sections 5.6, 5.9 The Processor Datapath and Control Section 6., Enhancing
More informationCS 110 Computer Architecture. Pipelining. Guest Lecture: Shu Yin. School of Information Science and Technology SIST
CS 110 Computer Architecture Pipelining Guest Lecture: Shu Yin http://shtech.org/courses/ca/ School of Information Science and Technology SIST ShanghaiTech University Slides based on UC Berkley's CS61C
More informationLecture 10 Multi-Cycle Implementation
Lecture 10 ulti-cycle Implementation 1 Today s enu ulti-cycle machines Why multi-cycle? Comparative performance Physical and Logical Design of Datapath and Control icroprogramming 2 ulti-cycle Solution
More informationLecture 3: The Processor (Chapter 4 of textbook) Chapter 4.1
Lecture 3: The Processor (Chapter 4 of textbook) Chapter 4.1 Introduction Chapter 4.1 Chapter 4.2 Review: MIPS (RISC) Design Principles Simplicity favors regularity fixed size instructions small number
More informationPipelining. Pipeline performance
Pipelining Basic concept of assembly line Split a job A into n sequential subjobs (A 1,A 2,,A n ) with each A i taking approximately the same time Each subjob is processed by a different substation (or
More informationDepartment of Computer and IT Engineering University of Kurdistan. Computer Architecture Pipelining. By: Dr. Alireza Abdollahpouri
Department of Computer and IT Engineering University of Kurdistan Computer Architecture Pipelining By: Dr. Alireza Abdollahpouri Pipelined MIPS processor Any instruction set can be implemented in many
More informationUnpipelined Machine. Pipelining the Idea. Pipelining Overview. Pipelined Machine. MIPS Unpipelined. Similar to assembly line in a factory
Pipelining the Idea Similar to assembly line in a factory Divide instruction into smaller tasks Each task is performed on subset of resources Overlap the execution of multiple instructions by completing
More informationPipelined Processor Design
Pipelined Processor Design Pipelined Implementation: MIPS Virendra Singh Indian Institute of Science Bangalore virendra@computer.org Lecture 20 SE-273: Processor Design Courtesy: Prof. Vishwani Agrawal
More informationAppendix C: Pipelining: Basic and Intermediate Concepts
Appendix C: Pipelining: Basic and Intermediate Concepts Key ideas and simple pipeline (Section C.1) Hazards (Sections C.2 and C.3) Structural hazards Data hazards Control hazards Exceptions (Section C.4)
More informationThe Pipelined MIPS Processor
1 The niversity of Texas at Dallas Lecture #20: The Pipeline IPS Processor The Pipelined IPS Processor We complete our study of AL architecture by investigating an approach providing even higher performance
More informationComputer and Information Sciences College / Computer Science Department Enhancing Performance with Pipelining
Computer and Information Sciences College / Computer Science Department Enhancing Performance with Pipelining Single-Cycle Design Problems Assuming fixed-period clock every instruction datapath uses one
More informationCS 152 Computer Architecture and Engineering Lecture 4 Pipelining
CS 152 Computer rchitecture and Engineering Lecture 4 Pipelining 2014-1-30 John Lazzaro (not a prof - John is always OK) T: Eric Love www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs152/ Play: 1 otorola 68000 Next week
More informationEECS150 - Digital Design Lecture 10- CPU Microarchitecture. Processor Microarchitecture Introduction
EECS150 - Digital Design Lecture 10- CPU Microarchitecture Feb 18, 2010 John Wawrzynek Spring 2010 EECS150 - Lec10-cpu Page 1 Processor Microarchitecture Introduction Microarchitecture: how to implement
More informationCPE 335 Computer Organization. Basic MIPS Pipelining Part I
CPE 335 Computer Organization Basic MIPS Pipelining Part I Dr. Iyad Jafar Adapted from Dr. Gheith Abandah slides http://www.abandah.com/gheith/courses/cpe335_s08/index.html CPE232 Basic MIPS Pipelining
More informationLearning Outcomes. Spiral 3-3. Sorting: Software Implementation REVIEW
3-3. Learning Outcomes 3-3. Spiral 3-3 Single Cycle CPU I understand how the single-cycle CPU datapath supports each type of instruction I understand why each mux is needed to select appropriate inputs
More informationInstruction Level Parallelism. Appendix C and Chapter 3, HP5e
Instruction Level Parallelism Appendix C and Chapter 3, HP5e Outline Pipelining, Hazards Branch prediction Static and Dynamic Scheduling Speculation Compiler techniques, VLIW Limits of ILP. Implementation
More informationAdvanced processor designs
Advanced processor designs We ve only scratched the surface of CPU design. Today we ll briefly introduce some of the big ideas and big words behind modern processors by looking at two example CPUs. The
More informationAlternative to single cycle. Drawbacks of single cycle implementation. Multiple cycle implementation. Instruction fetch
Drawbacks of single cycle implementation Alternative to single cycle All instructions take the same time although some instructions are longer than others; e.g. load is longer than add since it has to
More informationWorking on the Pipeline
Computer Science 6C Spring 27 Working on the Pipeline Datapath Control Signals Computer Science 6C Spring 27 MemWr: write memory MemtoReg: ALU; Mem RegDst: rt ; rd RegWr: write register 4 PC Ext Imm6 Adder
More informationPipeline Architecture RISC
Pipeline Architecture RISC Independent tasks with independent hardware serial No repetitions during the process pipelined Pipelined vs Serial Processing Instruction Machine Cycle Every instruction must
More informationLecture 6: Pipelining
Lecture 6: Pipelining i CSCE 26 Computer Organization Instructor: Saraju P. ohanty, Ph. D. NOTE: The figures, text etc included in slides are borrowed from various books, websites, authors pages, and other
More informationData Hazards Compiler Scheduling Pipeline scheduling or instruction scheduling: Compiler generates code to eliminate hazard
Data Hazards Compiler Scheduling Pipeline scheduling or instruction scheduling: Compiler generates code to eliminate hazard Consider: a = b + c; d = e - f; Assume loads have a latency of one clock cycle:
More informationEC 413 Computer Organization - Fall 2017 Problem Set 3 Problem Set 3 Solution
EC 413 Computer Organization - Fall 2017 Problem Set 3 Problem Set 3 Solution Important guidelines: Always state your assumptions and clearly explain your answers. Please upload your solution document
More informationWhat do we have so far? Multi-Cycle Datapath (Textbook Version)
What do we have so far? ulti-cycle Datapath (Textbook Version) CPI: R-Type = 4, Load = 5, Store 4, Branch = 3 Only one instruction being processed in datapath How to lower CPI further? #1 Lec # 8 Summer2001
More informationTopic #6. Processor Design
Topic #6 Processor Design Major Goals! To present the single-cycle implementation and to develop the student's understanding of combinational and clocked sequential circuits and the relationship between
More informationCh 5: Designing a Single Cycle Datapath
Ch 5: esigning a Single Cycle path Computer Systems Architecture CS 365 The Big Picture: Where are We Now? The Five Classic Components of a Computer Processor Control Memory path Input Output Today s Topic:
More informationCISC 662 Graduate Computer Architecture Lecture 5 - Pipeline Pipelining
CISC 662 Graduate Computer rchitecture Lecture 5 - Pipeline Pipelining ichela Taufer http://www.cis.udel.edu/~taufer/courses Powerpoint Lecture Notes from John Hennessy and David Patterson s: Computer
More informationInstruction word R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R8 R12 R31
4.16 Exercises 419 Exercise 4.11 In this exercise we examine in detail how an instruction is executed in a single-cycle datapath. Problems in this exercise refer to a clock cycle in which the processor
More informationProcessor (II) - pipelining. Hwansoo Han
Processor (II) - pipelining Hwansoo Han Pipelining Analogy Pipelined laundry: overlapping execution Parallelism improves performance Four loads: Speedup = 8/3.5 =2.3 Non-stop: 2n/0.5n + 1.5 4 = number
More informationCOMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN The Hardware/Software Interface. 5 th. Edition. Chapter 4. The Processor
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN The Hardware/Software Interface 5 th Edition Chapter 4 The Processor Introduction CPU performance factors Instruction count Determined by ISA and compiler CPI and Cycle
More informationModule 4c: Pipelining
Module 4c: Pipelining R E F E R E N C E S : S T A L L I N G S, C O M P U T E R O R G A N I Z A T I O N A N D A R C H I T E C T U R E M O R R I S M A N O, C O M P U T E R O R G A N I Z A T I O N A N D A
More informationECE369. Chapter 5 ECE369
Chapter 5 1 State Elements Unclocked vs. Clocked Clocks used in synchronous logic Clocks are needed in sequential logic to decide when an element that contains state should be updated. State element 1
More informationMapping Control to Hardware
C A P P E N D I X A custom format such as this is slave to the architecture of the hardware and the instruction set it serves. The format must strike a proper compromise between ROM size, ROM-output decoding,
More informationPipelining. Chapter 4
Pipelining Chapter 4 ake processor rns faster Pipelining is an implementation techniqe in which mltiple instrctions are overlapped in eection Key of making processor fast Pipelining Single cycle path we
More informationare Softw Instruction Set Architecture Microarchitecture are rdw
Program, Application Software Programming Language Compiler/Interpreter Operating System Instruction Set Architecture Hardware Microarchitecture Digital Logic Devices (transistors, etc.) Solid-State Physics
More informationCENG 3420 Lecture 06: Datapath
CENG 342 Lecture 6: Datapath Bei Yu byu@cse.cuhk.edu.hk CENG342 L6. Spring 27 The Processor: Datapath & Control q We're ready to look at an implementation of the MIPS q Simplified to contain only: memory-reference
More informationDesign of the MIPS Processor
Design of the MIPS Processor We will study the design of a simple version of MIPS that can support the following instructions: I-type instructions LW, SW R-type instructions, like ADD, SUB Conditional
More informationFull Datapath. Chapter 4 The Processor 2
Pipelining Full Datapath Chapter 4 The Processor 2 Datapath With Control Chapter 4 The Processor 3 Performance Issues Longest delay determines clock period Critical path: load instruction Instruction memory
More informationECEC 355: Pipelining
ECEC 355: Pipelining November 8, 2007 What is Pipelining Pipelining is an implementation technique whereby multiple instructions are overlapped in execution. A pipeline is similar in concept to an assembly
More informationSimple Instruction Pipelining
Simple Instruction Pipelining Krste Asanovic Laboratory for Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Processor Performance Equation Time = Instructions * Cycles * Time Program Program Instruction
More information