Agile Model-Driven Development with UML 2.0 SCOTT W. AM BLER. Foreword by Randy Miller UNIFIED 1420 MODELING LANGUAGE. gile 1.

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1 THE OBJECT PRIMER THIRD EDITION Agile Model-Driven Development with UML 2.0 SCOTT W. AM BLER Foreword by Randy Miller UNIFIED 1420 MODELING LANGUAGE gile 1 odeling

2 Contents Acknowledgments Foreword Preface About the Author page xvii xix xxi xxv Chapter 1 LeadIng-Edge Software Development Modern Development Technologies Object Technology Extensible Markup Language (XML) Relational Database (RDB) Technology Web Services Modern Development Techniques Agile Software Development Unified Modeling Language (UML) The Unified Process (UP) Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) Using Them Together The Organization of This Book The Case Studies The Bank Case Study What You Have Learned 22 vil

3 viii CONTENTS Chapter 2 Understanding the Basics Object-Oriented Concepts A Brief Overview of 00 Concepts Concepts from a Structured Point of View The Diagrams of UML Objects and Classes Attributes and Operations/Methods Abstraction, Encapsulation, and Information Hiding Abstraction Encapsulation Information Hiding An Example Inheritance Modeling Inheritance Inheritance Tips and Techniques Single and Multiple Inheritance Abstract and Concrete Classes Persistence Relationships Associations Modeling the Unknown How Associations Are Implemented Properties Aggregation and Composition Dependencies Collaboration Coupling Cohesion Polymorphism An Example: The Poker Garne Polymorphism at the University Interfaces Components Patterns What You Have Learned Review Questions 67

4 CONTENTS Chapter 3 Full Lifecycle Object-Oriented Testing (FLOOT) The Cost of Change Testing Philosophies Full Lifecycle Object-Oriented Testing (FLOOT) Regression Testing Quality Assurance Testing Your Models Proving It with Code Usage Scenario Testing Prototype Reviews/Walkthroughs User-Interface Testing Model Reviews When to Use Each Technique Testing Your Code Testing Terminology Testing Tools Traditional Code Testing Concepts Object-Oriented Testing Techniques Code Inspections Testing Your System in Its Entirety Testing by Users Test-Driven Development (TDD) What You Have Learned Review Questions 99 Chapter 4 Agile Model Driven Development (AMDD) Modeling Philosophies Project Stakeholders What Is Agile Modeling (AM)? The Values of AM The Principles of AM The Practices of AM Easing into Agile Modeling Agile Model Driven Development (AMDD) How is AMDD Different? 120

5 x CONTENTS 4.9 Fundamental Information Gathering Skills Interviewing Observation Brainstorming Agile Documentation Making Whiteboards Work for Software Development AMDD and Other Agile Methodologies Agile Modeling and Test-Driven Development (TDD) What You Have Learned Review Questions 132 Chapter 5 Usage Modeling Use Case Modeling Starting Agile Essential Use Case Diagrams Identifying Actors Writing an Essential Use Case Identifying Use Cases System Use Case Diagrams System Use Cases Writing Alternate Courses of Action Other Use Case Styles Comparing Essential and System Use Cases Reuse in Use Case Models: «extend», «indude>>, and Inheritance Packages Use Case Modeling Tips Remaining Agile User Stories What About System User Stories? Features What Y0.11 Have Learned Review Questions 183

6 CONTENTS xi Chapter 6 User-Interface Development Essential User-Interface Prototyping Traditional User-Interface Prototyping User-Interface Flow Diagramming Usability User-Interface Design Strategies Agile Stakeholder Documentation What You Have Learned Review Questions 207 Chapter 7 Supplementary Requirements Business Rules Technical Requirements Constraints Object Constraint Language (OCL) Glossaries Supplementary Specifications What You Have Learned Review Questions 219 Chapter 8 Conceptual Domain Modeling Robustness Diagrams Object Role Model (ORM) Diagrams Class Responsibility Collaborator (CRC) Cards Analysis Class Diagrams Modeling Classes and Responsibilities Modeling Associations Introducing Reuse between Classes via Inheritance Modeling Composition and Associations Modeling Vocabularies Logical Data Models (LDMs) Applying Analysis Patterns Effectively 254

7 xii CONTENTS 8.7 UML Object Diagram Keeping Conceptual Domain Modeling Agile What You Have Learned Review Questions 260 Chapter 9 Business Process Modeling Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) Flowcharts UML Activity Diagrams What You Have Learned Review Questions 277 Chapter 10 Agile Architecture Architecture Techniques and Concepts Put Architectural Decisions Off as Long as Possible Accept That Some Architectural Decisions Are Already Made Prove It with Code Set an Architectural Change Strategy Consider Reuse Roll Up Your Sleeves Be Prepared to Make Trade-offs Consider Adopting the Zachman Framework Apply Architectural Patterns Gently Looking to the Future with Change Cases UML Package Diagrams Class Package Diagrams Data Package Diagrams Use Case Package Diagrams UML Component Diagrams Interfaces and Ports Designing Components Creating Component Models Remaining Agile 306

8 CONTENTS x Free-Form Diagrams UML Deployment Diagrams Network Diagrams Layering Your Architecture What You Have Learned Review Questions 317 Chapter 11 Dynamic Object Modeling UML Sequence Diagrams Visual Coding Via Sequence Diagrams How to Draw Sequence Diagrams Keeping It Agile UML Communication Diagrams UML State Machine Diagrams UML Timing Diagrams UML Interaction Overview Diagrams UML Composite Structure Diagrams What You Have Learned Review Questions 350 Chapter 12 Structural Design Modeling UML Class Diagrams Modeling Methods during Design Modeling Attributes during Design Inheritance Techniques Association and Dependency Techniques Composition Techniques Introducing Interfaces into Your Model Class Modeling Design Tips Applying Design Patterns Effectively The Singleton Design Pattern The FaQade Design Pattern Tips for Applying Patterns Effectively Physical Data Modeling with the UML What You Have Learned 390

9 xiv CONTENTS 12.5 Review Questions The Bank Case Study Six Months Later Chapter 13 Object-Oriented Programming Philosophies for Effective Programming Programming Tips and Techniques for Writing High-Quality Code Test-Driven Development (TDD) TDD and AMDD Why TDD? From Object Design to Java Code From UML Sequence Diagrams to Code From UML Class Diagrams to Code Implementing a Class in Java Declaring Instance Attributes in Java Implementing Instance Methods in Java Implementing Static Methods and Attributes in Java Documenting Methods Implementing Constructors Encapsulating Attributes with Accessors Implementing Inheritance in Java Implementing Interfaces in Java Implementing Relationships in Java Implementing Dependencies Implementing Collaborations in Java Implementing Business Rules Iterate, Iterate, Iterate What You Have Learned Review Questions 440 Chapter 14 Agile Database Development Philosophies for Effective Data Development Mapping Objects to Relational Databases 445

10 CONTENTS xv Shadow Information Mapping Inheritance Structures Mapping Relationships Strategies for Implementing Persistence Code From Design to Database Code Defining and Modifying Your Persistence Schema Creating, Retrieving, Updating, and Deleting Data Interacting with a Database from Java Implementing Your Mappings Data-Oriented Implementation Strategies Concurrency Control Transaction Control Shared Logic and Referential Integrity Security Access Control Searching for Objects Reports Database Refactoring Legacy Analysis Formalizing Contract Models Common Legacy Challenges Creating Contract Models What You Have Learned Review Questions 486 Chapter 15 Where to Go from Here Become a Generalizing Specialist Continuing Yoür Learning Process Parting Words 492 Glossary 493 References and Recommended Reading 525 Index 533

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