Web Application Architecture (based J2EE 1.4 Tutorial)
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1 Web Application Architecture (based J2EE 1.4 Tutorial) Dr. Kanda Runapongsa Department of Computer Engineering Khon Kaen University 1 Agenda Web application, components and container Web application development and deployment steps Web Application Archive (*.WAR file) *.WAR directory structure WEB-INF directory Configuring Web application Web application deployment descriptor (web.xml file) 2 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 1
2 What is a Web Application? A Web application is a dynamic extension of a Web or application server There are two types of Web applications Presentation-oriented: Generates interactive Web pages containing various types of markup language and dynamic content in response to requests Service-oriented: A service-oriented Web application implements the endpoint of a Web service. Presentation-oriented applications are often clients of service-oriented Web applications 3 Web Components & Container 4 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 2
3 Web Components Web components provide the dynamic extension capabilities for a Web server Web components are either Java servlets, JSP pages, or Web service endpoints Servlets are Java programming language classes that dynamically process requests and construct responses JSP pages are text-based documents that execute as servlets but allow a more natural approach to creating static content 5 Servlets Servlets are best suited for Service-oriented applications (Web service endpoints are implemented as servlets) The control functions of a presentationoriented application, such as dispatching requests and handling nontextual data 6 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 3
4 JSP JSP pages are more appropriate for generating text-based markup HTML Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), Wireless Markup Language (WML) XML 7 Web Components Web components are supported by the services of a runtime platform called a Web container A Web container provides services such as request dispatching, security, concurrency, and life-cycle management It also gives Web components access to APIs such as naming, transactions, and 8 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 4
5 Web Components & Container Web components are in the form of either Servlet or JSP (along with Java Beans and custom tags) Web components run in a Web container Tomcat and Resin are popular web containers Web container provides system services to Web components Request dispatching, security, and life cycle management 9 Web Application & Components Web Application is a deployable package Web components Static resource files such as images Helper classes Libraries Deployment descriptor (web.xml file) Web Application can be represented as A hierarchy of directories and files (unpacked form) or *.WAR file reflecting the same hierarchy (packed form) 10 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 5
6 Web Modules (1/2) In the J2EE architecture, Web components and static Web content files such as images are called Web resources A Web module is the smallest deployable and usable unit of Web resources A J2EE Web module corresponds to a Web application as defined in the Java Servlet specification 11 Web Modules (2/2) In addition to Web components and Web resources, a Web module can contain other files: Server-side utility classes (database beans, shopping carts, and so on). Often these classes conform to the JavaBeans component architecture Client-side classes (applets and utility classes) A Web module has a specific structure The top-level directory of a Web module is the document root of the application 12 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 6
7 The Document Root The document root contains a subdirectory named /WEB-INF/, which contains the following files and directories web.xml: The Web application deployment descriptor classes: A directory that contains server-side classes: servlets, utility classes, and JavaBeans components tags: A directory that contains tag files, which are implementations of tag libraries lib: A directory that contains JAR archives of libraries called by server-side classes 13 Web Modules Deployment A Web module can be deployed as an unpacked file structure or can be packaged in a JAR file known as a Web archive (WAR) file Because the contents and use of WAR files differ from those of JAR files, WAR file names use a.war extension The Web module just described is portable; you can deploy it to any Web container that conforms to the Java Servlet Specification 14 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 7
8 Deploy a WAR To deploy a WAR on the Application Server, the file must also contain a runtime deployment descriptor The runtime deployment descriptor is an XML file that contains information such as The context root of the Web application The mapping of the portable names of an application s resources to the Application Server s resources 15 Packaging Web Modules A Web module must be packaged into a WAR in certain deployment scenarios and whenever you want to distribute the Web module You package a Web module into a WAR using the Application Server deploytool utility, by executing the jar command in a directory laid out in the format of a Web module, or By using the asant utility 16 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 8
9 Agenda Web application, components and container Web application development and deployment steps Configuring Web application Web application building tools 17 Web Application Development and Deployment Steps 1. Write (and compile) the Web component code (Servlet or JSP) and help classes referenced by the web component code 2. Create any static resources (for example, images or HTML pages) 3. Create deployment descriptor 4. Build the Web application (*.war file or deployment-ready directory) 5. Deploy the web application into a Web container Web clients are now ready to access them via URL 18 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 9
10 1. Write and compile the Web component code Create development tree structure Write either servlet code or JSP pages along with related helper code Create build.xml for Ant-based build (and other application development life-cycle management) process IDE handles all these chores 19 Development Tree Structure Keep Web application source separate from compiled files Facilitate iterative development Root directory (example from hello2 sample code from J2EE 1.4 tutorial) build.xml: Ant build file src: Java source servlets and JavaBeans component web: JSP pages and HTML pages 20 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 10
11 Example: hello2 Tree structure (before ant build command) hello2 build.xml src src/servlets GreetingServlet.java ResponseServlet.java sun-web.xml web.xml web duke.waving.gif Create any static resources HTML pages Custom pages Login pages Error pages Image files that are used by HTML pages or JSP pages Example: duke.waving.gif 22 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 11
12 3. Create deployment descriptor (web.xml) Deployment descriptor contains deployment time runtime instructions to the Web container URN that the client uses to access the web component Every web application has to have it Build the Web Application Either *.WAR file or unpacked form of *.WAR file Build process is made of Create build directory (if it is not present) and its subdirectories Compile Java code into build/web- INF/classes directory Copy web.xml file into build/web-inf directory Copy images file into build directory 24 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 12
13 Build the hello2 application 1. In a terminal window, go to <INSTALL_DIR>/j2eetutorial14/example s/web/hello2/ 2. Set j2ee.home variable in file <INSTALL_DIR>/j2eetutorial14/example s/common 3. Run asant build This target will spawn any necessary compilations and will copy files to the <INSTALL_DIR>/j2eetutorial14/example s/web/hello2/build/ directory Deploy Web Application Deploy the application over deployment platform such as Sun Java System App Server or Tomcat 3 ways to deploy to Sun Java System App server Use asant comand Use App serv admin console Use NetBeans 26 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 13
14 Packaging Web App Using asant To package the application into a WAR named hello1.war using asant, use the following command: asant create-war asant deploy-war These commands use web.xml and sun-web.xml files into the <INSTALL_DIR>/j2eetutorial4/exampl es/web/hello2 directory Perform Client Access to Web Application From a browser, go to URN of the Web application 28 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 14
15 29 Running hello2 Web Application (1/2) 30 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 15
16 Running hello2 Web Application (2/2) 31 Listing Deployed Web Modules The Application Server provides three ways to view the deployed Web modules deploytool Select localhost:4848 from the Servers list View the Deployed Objects list in the General tab Admin Console Open the URL in a browser Expand the nodes Applications Web Applications asadmin Execute asadmin list-components 32 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 16
17 Using Deploytool 33 View Deployed Web Modules 34 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 17
18 Using Admin Console 35 Using asadmin Command 36 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 18
19 Agenda Web application, components and container Web application development and deployment steps Web Application Archive (*.WAR file) *.WAR directory structure WEB-INF directory Configuring Web application Web application deployment descriptor (web.xml file) 37 Web Application Web application can be deployed in two different forms A *.war file or An unpacked directory laid out in the same format as a *.war file (build directory) Use *.war file when you have to deploy on a remote machine asant deploy-war command 38 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 19
20 What is *.WAR File? Ready to deploy able package over web container Similar to *.jar file Contain things to be deployed Web components (servlets or JSP s) Server-side utility classes Static Web presentation content (HTML, image, etc) Client-side classes (applets and utility classes) 39 Document Root & Context Document Root of the Web application Top-level directory of WAR Contains JSP pages, client-side classes and archieves, and static Web resources are stored A context is a name that gets mapped to the document root of a Web application /hello2 is context for hello2 example A way to distinguish Web application in a single Web container Has to be specified as part of client URN 40 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 20
21 How to Create *.WAR File? Three different ways Use IDE (NetBeans) Use ant tool after putting proper build instruction in build.xml asant create-war Use jar cvf <filename>.war command under build directory 41 WEB-INF Directory Subdirectory of Document root Contains web.xml: Web application deployment descriptor JSP tag library descriptor files classes: A directory that contains server-side classes: servlets, utitlity classes, and JavaBeans components lib: A directory that contains JAR archieves of libraries (tag libraries and any utility libraries called by server-side classes) 42 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 21
22 HTTP Request URL & Web Compoennt URN (alias) & Context Request URL: User specified access point of a web resource path]?[query string] [request path] is made of context and web component s URN e=manee Context: Name of the root document of a web application Identifies a particular application on that server /hello2 is context 43 Undeploying Web Modules You can undeploy Web modules in four ways: deploytool Admin Console asadmin Asant Using deploytool a) Select localhsot:4848 from the Servers list b) Select the Web module in the Deployed Objects list of the General tab c) Click the Undeployed button 44 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 22
23 Undeploying using deploytool 45 Undeploying Web Modules Admin Console a) Open the URL in a browser. b) Expand the Applications node c) Select Web Applications d) Click the checkbox next to the module you wish to undeploy E) Click the Undeploy button 46 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 23
24 Undeploying using Admin Console 47 Undeploying Web Modules asant In the directory where you built and packaged the WAR, execute asant undeploy-war 48 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 24
25 Agenda Web application, components and container Web application development and deployment steps Web Application Archive (*.WAR file) *.WAR directory structure WEB-INF directory Configuring Web application Web application deployment descriptor (web.xml file) 49 Configuring Web Application Configuration information is specified in web.xml (Web Application Deployment Descriptor) 50 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 25
26 Web Applications Deployment Descriptor (web.xml) Alias Paths Context and Initialization Parameters Event Listeners Error Mappings Reference to Environment Entries, Resource environment entries, or Resources 51 Web Applications Deployment Descriptor (web.xml) Case sensitive Order sensitive (in the following order) icon, display-name, description, distributable context-param, filter, filter-mapping listener, servlet, servlet-mapping, session-config mime-mapping, welcome-file-list error-page, taglib, resource-env-ref, resource-ref security-constraint, login-config, security-role env-entry, ejb-ref, ejb-local-ref 52 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 26
27 Alias paths (of web.xml) (1/2) When a request is received by Servlet container, it must determine which Web component in which web application should handle the request It does by mapping the URL path contained in the request to a Web component 53 Alias paths (of web.xml) (2/2) A URL path contains the context root and alias path Alias path can be in the form of either /alias-string (for servlet) or /*.jsp (for JSP) 54 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 27
28 Alias Paths Example 55 Context and Initialization Parameters (of web.xml) Represents application context Can be shared among Web components in a WAR file <web-app> <context-param> <param-name> javax.servlet.jsp.jstl.fmt.localizationcontext </param-name> <param-value>messages.bookstoremessages </param-value> </context-param> </web-app> 56 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 28
29 Event Listeners (of web.xml) Receives servlet life-cycle events <listener> <listener-class> listeners.contextlistener </listener-class> </listener> 57 Error Mappings (of web.xml) Maps status code returned in an HTTP response to a Java programming language exception returned by any Web component and a Web resource <error-page> <exception-type> exception.orderexception </exception-type> <location>/errorpage.html</location> </error-page> 58 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 29
30 References (of web.xml) Need when web components make references to environment entries, resource environment entries, or resources such as databases Example: declare a reference to a data source <resource-ref> <res-ref-name>jdbc/bookdb</res-ref-name> <res-type>javax.sql.datasource</res-type> <res-auth>container</res-auth> </resource-ref> 59 Example web.xml of hello2 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <web-app xmlns=" version="2.4" xmlns:xsi=" xsi:schemalocation=" <display-name>hello2</display-name> <servlet> <display-name>greetingservlet</display-name> <servlet-name>greetingservlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>servlets.greetingservlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet> <display-name>responseservlet</display-name> <servlet-name>responseservlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>servlets.responseservlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>greetingservlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/greeting</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>responseservlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/response</url-pattern> 60 </servlet-mapping> </web-app> Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 30
31 Ant Build Tool Ant is a make tool that is portable across platforms Open source project under Apache Operates under the control of a build file, normally called build.xml build.xml is stored in the top-level directory of your source code directory 61 Ant Environment in Application Server In the Ant environment, build.xml files are analogous to Makefile. A build.xml file can define various targets that are used to compile and assemble a J2EE application A simple wrapper script named asant (.bat) is located in directory <J2EE_INSTALL_DIR>/bin 62 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 31
32 build.xml File Contains several targets for Compiling the appliction A temporary./build directory is created beneath the root./build directory contains an exact image of the binary distribution for your Web application Installing the application on a running server Reloading the modified application onto the running server Removing old copies of the application to regenerate their content 63 Targets in build.xml (1/2) Target compile war ear core Function Compiles all Java source code Assembles the WAR file in <sample_dir>/assemble/war/ Assembles the EAR file in <sample_dir>/assemble/ear/ Compiles all sources, builds stubs/skeletons and assembles EJB JAR, WAR, and EAR files This is the default target for all build.xml 64 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 32
33 Targets in build.xml (2/2) Target docs all deploy undeploy clean Function Creates Java docs in <sample_dir>/javadocs Builds both core and javadocs, verifies, registers resources and deploys app. Register resources, deploys app, but does not install Javadocs Removes the deployed sample from application server Remove <appname>/build/ and <appname>/assemble/ content 65 Common Commands Build codes asant build Create a *.WAR file asant create-war Deploy/undeploy, use asant deploy-war Can accomplish all of tasks by executing asant all 66 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 33
34 References Java Web Services Developer Pack Download s/webservicespack.html Java Web Services Developer Pack Tutorial s/webservicespack.html J2EE 1.4 Tutorial 67 Dr. Kanda Runapongsa, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University 34
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