Web Based Solutions. Gerry Seidman. IAM Consulting

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1 Web Based Solutions Gerry Seidman Internet Access Methods IAM Consulting (c) IAM Consulting Corp

2 What is the Internet/Intranet? Well Defined:» A network of Machines and Devices that can communicate in over Multiple Protocols» TCP/IP Streaming data» UDP Packets of Data» Broadcast to Multiple Targets (c) IAM Consulting Corp

3 What is "The Web"? Not Well Defined:» What is part of the Web?» ?» Ftp?» Http?» The Browser?» The Web is clearly a Subset of the Internet (c) IAM Consulting Corp

4 One Definition of the Web: Batch Mode Programming over the Internet» In batch mode programming you submit a job» After submitting you can do nothing but wait You wait for the Response FTP Mail (POP3) HTTP HTTP (Form) Request: "Get me this File" Response: You get the contents of the File Request: "I want all of my mail" Response: Here it is Request: "Get me the file a/b/c/foo.html" Response: Here is the contents Request: "Please do a/b/c/bar.cgi with this Form Data" Response: Here is the resulting document (c) IAM Consulting Corp

5 What is a Server? Definition serv er (sörvr) n. One who provides a service By this Definition (if we forget about Networking)» Every Object is a Server!» What are the Services? It's Methods!» Who are the Clients? Anyone who has a reference to it (c) IAM Consulting Corp

6 Understanding the URL Uniform Resource Locator (URL)» A mechanism to map a String to an Object over The communication protocol is unimportant to the user ftp://ftp.iamx.com/a/b/foo.gif (The server may assume /index.html) file:///c /examples/mystuff.html The General Format is: <protocol>//<host>[:<port>]/<path> (c) IAM Consulting Corp

7 HTTP as a Smart File Server An HTTP Server is an FTP Server on Steroids» FTP Servers get a named request The Name of the file to download» FTP Server responds with a copy of the file As an array of bytes FTP Server has a directory designated as it's root FTP Requests ftp://ftp.iamx.com/a/b/foo.gif byte[] <file Name>() (c) IAM Consulting Corp

8 MIME Types Multi-purpose Internet Mail Exchange» Created to embed document files inside of » A file is just an array of bytes! The MIME Type tells how to view the file <Object Type>/<Encryption> The MIME type is a String image/gif image/jpg text/plain text/html audio/wav (c) IAM Consulting Corp

9 MIME Types and OO Programs that support MIME Type» Generally have Decoders Bytes + MIME = Typed Object (c) IAM Consulting Corp

10 The HTTP and MIME Types The Response to each HTTP Request gets:» The Response (As Bytes)» Optionally a MIME Type (c) IAM Consulting Corp

11 HTTP Server MIME Table Mime type Text/html Text/plain Image/gif Image/jpeg Audio/basic Audio/x-wave Video/mpeg Video/quicktime Extention html,htm txt,text gif jpeg, jpg, jpe au/snd wav mpeg, mpg, mpe qt, mov (c) IAM Consulting Corp

12 HTTP Client MIME Table Mime type Browser Plug-In Extention text/html HTML Renderer html,htm text/plain TEXT Renderer txt,text image/gif GIF Image Renderer gif image/jpeg JPEG Image Renderer jpeg, jpg, jpe audio/basic Audio Player au/snd audio/x-wave X-Wave Audio Player wav video/mpeg MPEG Player mpeg, mpg, mpe video/quicktime Quicktime Player qt, mov MIME Type Tells the Client how to Render data Netscape Plug-in or Internet Explorer ActiveX Control If no MIME Type is specified, it guess from the Name If it can t guess, it asks (c) IAM Consulting Corp

13 Batch Mode Program Batch Mode Programming from the Command line C:/sample> foo <inputfile >outputfile We also have Piping C:/sample> prog1 foo prog2» The output of prog1 is the input to foo» The output of foo is the input to prog2 (c) IAM Consulting Corp

14 HTTP as Remote Batch Server Every HTTP server specifies some file names as Special» The Actual mechanism is vendor specific Some use the files ending, ie.cgi Some use files in special directories ie /cgi Some use files with the execute bit set For these specially marked files» The HTTP server executes the file rather than upload it» This is called Common Gateway Interface The HTTP Protocol allows the HTTP Client to provide data» It s sent over the socket as part of the request» Optionally the Client can specify a MIME Type (c) IAM Consulting Corp

15 HTTP as Remote Method Calls The "name" of the method is the URL Name (c) IAM Consulting Corp

16 Improving on Remote Batch Most HTTP Servers have Vendor Specific Extensions» NSAPI, ISAPI» These allow Calls instead of Fork A bug in the DLL brings down the entire HTTP Server Not portable to other HTTP Vendor or OS Platform Techniques involving special tag languages» Cold Fusion» Active Server Pages (ASP)» Java Server Pages(JSP) Writing the Services in Java» Servlets (c) IAM Consulting Corp

17 Servlets HTTP Services written in Java (c) IAM Consulting Corp

18 Example public class FirstServlet extends HttpServlet { private int count = 1; public void service(httpservletrequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletExce } PrintWriter out = response.getwriter(); response.setcontenttype("text/html"); out.println("<html><head><title> First Servlet </TITLE></HEAD><BODY>"); out.println("<h2> Welcome to Servlet Programming </H2>"); out.println("since booting the Server, we have had " + count++ + " visits"); out.println("</body></html>"); } (c) IAM Consulting Corp

19 HttpRequest String getmethod() ServletInputStream getinputstream() int getcontentlength() String getcontenttype() String getrequesturi() String getquerystring() Enumeration getparameternames() String getparameter(string) (c) IAM Consulting Corp

20 What is a Web-Based Application? A series of static HTML Files A series of services CGI, ASP, CFML, Servlets, JSP These services can be viewed as it's "Methods" Viewed as a logical collection, this is a "Web Application"» There might be several on the same HTTP Server (c) IAM Consulting Corp

21 Tag Based Server Side Languages There is a history of TAG languages for HTTP server-side dynamic generation of HTML» Cold Fusion» Active Server Pages (ASP)» Java Server Pages (JSP) Mix HTML and Special Tags to generate responses to Browser Requests (c) IAM Consulting Corp

22 Java Server Pages Mix HTML, Special Tags and Java code» Generating Servlets on the fly The JSP Engine» Converts the JSP file into a Java Servlet» Compiles and registers them on the fly (c) IAM Consulting Corp

23 Web Application Issues Graphical Design» Web Design Tools (ie Home Site) Programmed Functionality» Dynamic or Reporting Sites must have the correct business logic Programmer Design Tools:» Compiler» Editer» Debugger (c) IAM Consulting Corp

24 Gerry Seidman Internet Access Methods IAM Consulting (c) IAM Consulting Corp

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