Copyright 2015 by Sean Connolly

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1 1 Copyright 2015 by Sean Connolly All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. ISBN Portions of information contained in this documentation are printed with permission of Minitab Inc. All such material remains the exclusive property and copyright of Minitab Inc. All rights reserved. IBM SPSS Statistics software ("SPSS") have kindly granted permission to include screen-prints generated from the running of the software package IBM SPSS Statistics. SPSS Inc. was acquired by IBM in October, IBM, the IBM logo, ibm.com, and SPSS are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation, registered in many jurisdictions worldwide. Other product and service names might be trademarks of IBM or other companies. A current list of IBM trademarks is available on the Web at IBM Copyright and trademark information at Microsoft Microsoft Excel 2013 is used with permission from Microsoft.

2 2 Computer Software to Descriptive Statistics SPSS 1 A banking official is interested in the income of bank customers. A sample of 8 customers yields the following incomes: 20,000 21,500 39,500 14,000 24,000 28,000 30,000 23,000 Obtain descriptive statistics for this sample. The data editor is set up as follows: Select Analyze, Descriptive Statistics, Frequencies Continued on next page

3 3 Select variable income and click the button to move this variable into the Variable(s): box. Select Quartiles Select Mean Select Median Select Mode Select Std. deviation Select Variance Select Range Select Minimum Select Maximum Select S.E. mean Click Statistics Click Continue,

4 4 SPSS Output Part of the output is shown below: income Statistics Valid 8 N Missing 0 Mean Std. Error of Mean Median Mode a Std. Deviation Variance Range Minimum Maximum Percentiles a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown Interpreting the SPSS Output The interpretation of the output is obvious except for the heading Std. Error of the mean. Std. Error of the mean is the standard error of the mean. The interpretation of this statistic is beyond the scope of this chapter and is discussed in detail in chapter? Minitab 1 A banking official is interested in the income of bank customers. A sample of 8 customers yields the following incomes: 20,000 21,500 39,500 14,000 24,000 28,000 30,000 23,000 Obtain descriptive statistics for this sample.

5 5 The worksheet is set up as follows: Select Stat, Basic Statistics, Display Descriptive Statistics Double click variable Income to move this variable into the Variables: box. Minitab Output Descriptive Statistics: Income Variable N N* Mean SE Mean StDev Minimum Q1 Median Q3 Maximum Income Interpreting the Minitab Output Most of the above output requires no explanation. However we provide a brief explanation of the following descriptive statistics: TrMean is the 5% trimmed mean. Because the sample size is so small i.e. 8 the trimmed mean is the same as the mean. SE Mean is the standard error of the mean. The interpretation of this statistic is beyond the scope of this chapter and is discussed in detail in chapter?

6 6 Excel 1 A banking official is interested in the income of bank customers. A sample of 8 customers yields the following incomes: 20,000 21,500 39,500 14,000 24,000 28,000 30,000 23,000 Obtain descriptive statistics for this sample. The worksheet is set up as follows: On the Data tab, click Data Analysis Select Descriptive Statistics Enter A1:A9 in the Input Range: box Select Columns Select Labels in First Row (This is necessary as cell A1 contains a label) Select Output Range: and enter C2 in the box Select Summary statistics

7 7 Excel Output Note: This data set has no mode (i.e. no value is repeated at least twice) and hence the mode is given as #N/A (N/A is short for Not Available) in the above output. Computer Software to Box Plots SPSS 2 Construct a box-plot for the following data set The data editor is set up as follows: Select Graphs, Legacy Dialogs, Boxplot Continued on next page

8 8 Click Simple Select Summaries of separate variables Select variable data and click the button to move this variable into the Boxes Represent: box. Click Define SPSS Output Part of the output is as follows: SPSS denotes: Mild outliers with the symbol the symbol of a circle i.e. O. Extreme outliers with the symbol *.

9 9 Minitab 2 Construct a box-plot for the following data set The worksheet is set up as follows: Select Graph, Boxplot Click Simple Double click variable Data to move this variable into the Graph variables: box.

10 10 Minitab Output Minitab denotes: Mild outliers with the symbol *. Extreme outliers with the symbol. Excel 2 Construct a box-plot for the following data set Microsoft excel charts do not include a boxplot type chart. Computer Software to Correlation SPSS 3 Using the data set below, find the correlation between Height and Weight. Height Weight

11 11 The data editor is set up as follows: Select Analyze, Correlate, Bivariate Select variable height and click the button to move this variable into the Variable(s): box. Select variable weight and click the button to move this variable into the Variable(s): box. Select Pearson Select Two-tailed

12 12 SPSS Output Correlations Correlations height weight Pearson Correlation Correlation Coefficient height Sig. (2-tailed).000 N 6 6 Pearson Correlation weight Sig. (2-tailed).000 N 6 6 Minitab 3 Using the data set below, find the correlation between Height and Weight. Height Weight The worksheet is set up as follows: Select Stat, Basic Statistics, Correlation

13 13 Double click variable Height to move this variable into the Graph variables: box. Double click variable weight to move this variable into the Graph variables: box. Minitab Output Correlations: Height, weight Pearson correlation of Height and weight = Excel 3 Using the data set below, find the correlation between Height and Weight. Height Weight

14 14 The worksheet is set up as follows: On the Data tab, click Data Analysis Select Correlation Enter A1:B7 in the Input Range: box Select Columns Select Labels in First Row Select Output Range: and enter D3 in the box Excel Output

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