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1 CBOP3203

2 An applet is a program written in the Java programming language that can be included in an HTML page, much in the same way an image is included in a page. When you use a Java technology-enabled browser to view a page that contains an applet, the applet's code is transferred to your system and executed by the browser's Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

3 Applet is built for the web browser or appletviewer. It is not a stand-alone program; therefore it does not need main () method in the program block. To program in applet we need to create two separate files that is a file with HTML tag and a file with Java programming code. Applet programming is written with high safety control. Applet does not allow the program to read and write file to the client machine. Applet also does not allow any operation to be done on a client machine.

4 Swing provides a special subclass of the Applet class called javax.swing.japplet. The JApplet class should be used for all applets that use Swing components to construct their graphical user interfaces (GUIs). In Chapter 1 we used java.applet package to develop our applet.

5 import javax.swing.*; public class EasyApplet extends JApplet { } <HTML> <APPLET CODE=" EasyApplet " WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200> </APPLET> </HTML>

6 Using appletviewer direct command provided in J2SDK: appletviewer EasyApplet.html Command line for the appletviewer is the HTML file name and not the class file name.

7 Five applet methods that are called by the applet container from the time the applet is loaded into the browser to the time that it is terminated by the browser. Initialization Method: init () Header name: public void init() This method is used to control any required statement in an applet. init() method is the same as a constructor method as discussed in the previous Topic 5. This method is executed automatically by the system when Java launches the applet for the first time.

8 Method to Start: start() Header name: public void start() This method is executed automatically when Java has executed the init() method. This method is executed every time a user returns to the web that contains the applet after visiting other website. start() method can be executed more than once, not like init() method, which is executed only once. start() method is executed when the user returns to the website. For example, start() method is used in executing thread to start an animation (when returning to the website).

9 Method to Draw: paint() Header name: public void paint() Called by the applet container after methods init and start. This method is executed when the applet receives a message from the user to draw itself on the screen. This method can be repeated a number of times just like start() method. To redraw to the screen, the repaint() method or update() need to be executed.

10 Method to Stop: stop() Header name: public void stop() This method is executed when the user leaves the applet website (user moves to another website). It is done to stop running the applet. It can be done repeatedly in the same applet. This means that we can suspend running any process when moving to another website.

11 Method to Destroy: destroy() Header name: public void destroy() Java will execute this statement when the web browser or the appletviewer is closed normally. This operation is done automatically when the web browser is closed. What is done by this method is to execute the last action before the applet is destroyed. For example, it will free all the resources used in the program.

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13 We can override this default methods by redefining the methods again. import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class EasyApplet extends JApplet { public void paint(graphics g) { g.drawstring( Welcome,50, 50); } }

14 import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class EasyApplet extends JApplet { private void drawredbox(graphics g) { g.setcolor(color.red); g.fillrect(60,60,50,50); } drawredbox is our new method } public void paint(graphics g){ g.drawstring( RedColored box,50,50); drawredbox(g); }

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18 Q1. Write an applet that asks the user to enter two floating-point numbers, obtains the two numbers from the user and draws their sum, product (multiplication), difference and quotient (division). Use the techniques shown in example.

19 Q2. Create the following Applet using Eclipse or Netbeans. Observe the changes in code after adding every GUI component or controls.

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