Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform

Transcription

1 Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Roberto Chinnici Senior Staff Engineer Sun Microsystems, Inc. Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 1

2 Agenda Introduction to the Java TM EE 5 platform The role of tools The big four: components, persistence, web services, web tier Ongoing innovation Demos Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 2

3 Java TM EE 5 Goal Make it easier to develop Java TM EE applications Especially when getting started with Java TM EE Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 3

4 How Did We Make It Easier? Declarative programming Originally - deployment descriptors Now - Java TM language annotations Remove requirements Plain Old Java TM Objects (POJOs) More and better defaults More powerful frameworks Less work for you to do Easier to learn and more productive! Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 4

5 Annotations in Java TM EE 5 Made extensive use of annotations For defining and using web services To map Java TM classes to XML To greatly simplify EJB development To map Java TM classes to databases To specify external dependencies To reduce need for deployment descriptors Just starting to scratch the surface of what's possible Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 5

6 J2EE TM 1.4 Web Service package endpoint; import java.rmi.*; public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloServiceSEI { } public String sayhello(string param) throws java.rmi.remoteexception { return Hello + param; } package endpoint; import java.rmi.*; public interface HelloServiceSEI extends java.rmi.remote { public String sayhello(string param) throws java.rmi.remoteexception; } <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <webservices xmlns=' version='1.1'> <webservice-description> <webservice-description-name> HelloService</webservice-description-name> <wsdl-file> WEB-INF/wsdl/HelloService.wsdl</wsdl-file> <jaxrpc-mapping-file> WEB-INF/HelloService-mapping.xml </jaxrpc-mapping-file> <port-component xmlns:wsdl-port_ns='urn:helloservice/wsdl'> <port-component-name>helloservice</port-component-name> <wsdl-port>wsdl-port_ns:helloserviceseiport</wsdl-port> <service-endpoint-interface> endpoint.helloservicesei</service-endpoint-interface> <service-impl-bean> <servlet-link>wsservlet_helloservice</servlet-link> </service-impl-bean> </port-component> </webservice-description> </webservices> <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <configuration xmlns=' <service name='helloservice' targetnamespace='urn:helloservice/wsdl' typenamespace='urn:helloservice/types' packagename='endpoint'> <interface name='endpoint.helloservicesei' servantname='endpoint.helloserviceimpl'> </interface> </service> </configuration> Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 6

7 Java TM EE 5 Web Service package endpoint; import public class Hello { } public String sayhello(string param) { return Hello + param; } Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 7

8 Java TM EE 5 Major Features Simplified web services support More web service standards support Dependency injection Greatly simplified EJB TM development New Java TM Persistence API Easy web applications with JavaServer TM Faces And fully compatible with J2EE 1.4 Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 8

9 How Much Easier Is It? Adventure Builder 1 J2EE classes, 3284 lines of code Java EE 5 43 classes, 2777 lines of code 36% fewer classes to manage! RosterApp 2 J2EE classes, 987 lines of code Java EE 5 7 classes, 716 lines of code J2EE 1.4 XML files 9 files, 792 lines Java EE 5 XML files 1 file, 5 lines 58% fewer classes, 89% fewer XML files to manage! [1] Source: Debu Panda, Oracle [2] Source: Raghu Kodali, Oracle Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 9

10 Java TM EE 5 Platform Vendors Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 10

11 Project GlassFish Open Source of Java EE 5 code base Production quality: All of Sun Java System Application Server 9.0 PE Included in Java EE 5 SDK Community at Java.Net for real CVS, bug DBs, discussions at Java.Net OSI licenses Mostly CDDL, some ASL Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 11

12 Big Picture Tools NetBeans Enterprise Pack 5.5 Distributions Java EE 5 SDK Sun Java System AS 9.0 Java EE RI NetBeans IDE Project GlassFish Eclipse Plugin Derby MQ Portal Server Communities Other Distributions Sun or Not! Using All or Pieces Maven Repo Open ESB Users and Other Groups Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 12

13 Smart Developers Use IDEs Vast productivity gains Core language support code completion, refactorings, online documentation, debugging, profiling Integrated unit testing Plugins for disparate technologies best-of-breed techs rapidly integrated Logical view of a project Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 13

14 Java TM EE 5 IDE Vendors Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 14

15 NetBeans TM IDE Fast, Comprehensive IDE and Platform Plugin Ecosystem and Easy updates Bundled Sun Java TM System Application Server 9 Plugins for other application servers Comprehensive Java TM EE 5 support UML tools, BPEL tools, Matisse GUI builder, Mobility pack,... Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 15

16 Major Platform Components Business Logic: EJB 3.0 Persistence: Java TM Persistence API Web services: JAX-WS 2.0 XML data binding: JAXB 2.0 Web applications: JSF 1.2 What about the future? Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 16

17 Innovation Happens Here Project Tango: full WS-* stack Web Beans (SEAM): conversational applications DynaFaces: effortless AJAX Scripting (see other talk) JBI: Enterprise service bus All build on the platform's strengths Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 17

18 EJB 3.0 Simplified component model session beans, message-driven beans Separate Java TM persistence API Inversion of contractual view contracts benefit developers, not containers Full compatibility with EJB 2.1 orderly evolution of clients and servers Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 18

19 New Component Contract Components are plain Java TM classes Interfaces are plain Java TM interfaces Requirements are via metadata No container interfaces in sight Deployment descriptors not required Resource injection Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 19

20 Example // EJB 2.1 Stateless Session Bean: Bean Class public class PayrollBean implements javax.ejb.sessionbean { SessionContext ctx; public void setsessioncontext(sessioncontext ctx) { this.ctx = ctx; } public void ejbcreate() {...} public void ejbactivate() {} public void ejbpassivate() {} public void ejbremove() {} } public void settaxdeductions(int empid, int deductions) {... } Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 20

21 Example // EJB 3.0 Stateless Session Bean: Bean public class PayrollBean implements Payroll { } public void settaxdeductions(int empid,int deductions) {... } Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 21

22 Example // EJB 2.1 Stateless Session Bean: Interfaces public interface PayrollHome extends javax.ejb.ejblocalhome { } public Payroll create() throws CreateException; public interface Payroll extends javax.ejb.ejblocalobject { } public void settaxdeductions(int empid, int deductions); Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 22

23 Example // EJB 3.0 Stateless Session Bean: Business Interface public interface Payroll { public void settaxdeductions(int empid, int deductions); } Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 23

24 Example // EJB 3.0 Stateless Session Bean: // Alternative: Remote Interface specified on public class PayrollBean implements Payroll { } public void settaxdeductions(int empid,int deductions) {... } Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 24

25 Example // EJB 3.0 Message-driven bean: Bean public class PayrollMDB implements javax.jms.messagelistener { } public void onmessage(message msg) {... } Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 25

26 Environment Access By dependency injection or simple lookup Use of JNDI interfaces no longer needed Specify dependencies by annotations or XML Annotations applied to: Instance variable or setter property => injection Bean class => dynamic lookup Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 26

27 public class MyBean SessionContext int timeout; String public void setuniquekey(string s) { uniquekey = s; } } //... rest of the code goes here... Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 27

28 Dependency Injection Bean instance is supplied with references to resources in environment Occurs when instance of bean class is created No assumptions as to order of injection method is called when injection is complete Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 28

29 Available for connection factories, simple environment entries, topics/queues, EJBContext, UserTransaction, For EJB business interfaces or EJB For container-managed EntityManager / For web service references Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 29

30 Example // EJB 3.0 Stateless Session Bean: Bean Class // Data access using injection and Java Persistence public class PayrollBean implements Payroll EntityManager payrollmgr; } public void settaxdeductions(int empid,int deductions) { payrollmgr.find(employee.class, empid).settaxdeductions(deductions); } Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 30

31 Other Uses of Annotations @DenyAll Transaction Application Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 31

32 HR_Admin}) public int getsalary(int empid) public int gettaxdeductions(int private void connecttobookingsystem() public class ReservationFailed extends RuntimeException {...} Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 32

33 Annotations Work Because... They sit next to the program element they affect Name a concept directly Thus making it first class to developers Morale: even with powerful IDEs, source code is still seen as the truth Push to remove even more boilerplate going forward Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 33

34 Interceptors Extend built-in interposition model Container interposes on all business method invocations Interceptors interpose after container Around methods or lifecycle events Can control program flow Benefits: extensibility, separation of concerns Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 34

35 public class PayrollBean implements Payroll { } public void settaxdeductions(int empid,int deductions) {... } Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 35

36 Example public class Profiler public Object profile(invocationcontext invocation) throws Exception { long started = System.currentTimeMillis(); try { return invocation.proceed(); } finally { long elapsed = started System.currentTimeMillis(); Method method = invocation.getmethod(); logger.logprofiledcall(method.tostring(), elapsed); } } } private logger =...; Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 36

37 Java TM Persistence Entities are plain Java TM objects, serializable and usable as detached objects Rich modeling capabilities inheritance, polymorphism Not tied to EE or EJB Usable in the web tier Usable on the Java TM SE platform Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 37

38 public class Customer { private Long id; private String Set<Order> orders = new HashSet(); public Set<Order> getorders() { return orders; } public void addorder(order order) { getorders().add(order); } Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 38

39 Persistence Basics Entity manager used to: entity lifecycle operations (persist, merge) find create query objects manage transactions Injectable persistence EntityManager em; Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 39

40 Persistence Gotcha EntityManager not threadsafe Certain components (e.g. servlet) are multithreaded If you mix the two, results are unpredictable Workaround inject an EntityManagerFactory EntityManagerFactory emf; Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 40

41 ORM and Netbeans TM Generate entity classes from existing database structures Generate database tables form handwritten Entity classes Use Entity Wizards for creating Entities and Persistence units In short, all tedious, error-prone work is gone Works with EE and SE applications Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 41

42 Web Services and XML JAX-WS 2.0, JAXB 2.0, StAX, JSR New web services and XML stack Fast, streaming-based processing Support 100% XML Schema Highly extensible Open set of protocols, transports, encodings Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 42

43 JAX-WS 2.0 New, easy to use web services API Embrace plain old Java TM objects concept Descriptor-free programming Layered architecture Protocol and transport independence Integrated data binding via JAXB 2.0 Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 43

44 Example public class Calculator WebServiceContext context; } public int add(int a, int b) { return a+b; } Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 44

45 Layered Architecture Application Code Calls Into Strongly-Typed Layer: Annotated Classes Messaging Layer: Dispatch/Provider Implemented on Top of Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 45

46 What Does It Mean? Upper layer uses annotations extensively Easy to use, great for tools Fewer generated classes Lower layer is more traditional API-based, for advanced scenarios Most application will use the upper layer only Either way, portability is guaranteed Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 46

47 Interoperability Standards-compliant W3C/WS-I SOAP 1.1/1.2, WSDL 1.1, BP 1.0/1.1 Foundation for full WS-* web services stack Project Tango Fast Infoset Support for more WS-* technologies over time WS-Addressing in JAX-WS 2.1 Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 47

48 Example - public class MyBean Calculator calculator; } public int mymethod() { return calculator.add(35, 7); Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 48

49 Message Handlers Similar to interceptors, but closer to the wire Protocol handlers: see the protocol message (e.g. SOAP) Logical handlers: see a logical message (XML payload) Possible to pass data from handlers to interceptors using the message context Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 49

50 RESTful Web Services Use messaging API in JAX-WS 2.0 Dispatch (client) Provider (server) HTTPBinding defined for this purpose Payloads can be XML or not: javax.transform.source JAXB objects javax.activation.datasource Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 50

51 Example Service s =...; URI address = new URI(" ); s.addport(portname, HTTPBinding.HTTP_BINDING, address.tostring()); Dispatch<Source> d = s.createdispatch(portname, Source.class, Service.Mode.PAYLOAD); Map<String, Object> requestcontext = d.getrequestcontext(); requestcontext.put(messagecontext.http_request_method, new String("GET")); Source result = d.invoke(null); Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 51

52 WSIT (Project Tango) Full, interoperable WS-* stack WS-Addressing, WS-ReliableMessaging WS-MetadataExchange, WS-Policy, WS- SecurityPolicy WS-Security, WS-SecureConversation, WS-Trust WS-AtomicTransaction, WS-Coordination Configured via descriptors NetBeans TM plugin to automate configuration Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 52

53 Java TM Business Integration Messaging infrastructure for composite application Service contracts are WSDL-based Supports Java TM EE web services Other service technologies can be integrated BPEL, Xquery, XSLT, Rule engines,... BPEL engine for service orchestration Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 53

54 JBI Overview XQuery WSDL/ Soap WSDL/ Soap BPEL BPEL Rules Process JavaEE Install EJB Routing Table XSLT Deploy NMR XQuery Xform Soap Route MOM Rule Composite Service JBI Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 54

55 Web Services and Netbeans TM Web services client and server wizards XML Schema and WSDL aware editor Two-way roundtrip process designer Deployment to JBI-enabled BPEL engine Full process debugging Liberty-based identity management WSIT plugin UML tools Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 55

56 JavaServer TM Faces 1.2 The Java EE Standard Web Application Framework Dependency injection in managed beans Easy to use, powerful, extensible Expression Language, shared with JSP Large market of JSF components Over 200 components from over 20 vendors, such as... Apache, BusinessObjects, ESRI, Oracle, Sun, etc. Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 56

57 JSF Is AJAX-Friendly Extensible component model Well-defined request processing lifecycle Flexible rendering model Full refresh not required Encapsulation enables hiding JavaScript from the page author State management helps keeping client and server in sync Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 57

58 DynaFaces (Avatar) Add-on to JSF 1.2 Extends the JSF 1.2 request lifecycle Page author can identify AJAX zones Refreshed independently Component author can create composite components via zones Use provided JavaScript library for maximum control Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 58

59 Using AJAX Zones The easiest way to AJAXify an existing application Demarcate one or more AJAX zones within a page For each zone, provide some helper attributes to inform DynaFaces how to AJAXify the components within that zone. Zones will refresh via AJAX, without full page refresh. 2. See update here Action in one zone causes reaction in another zone 1. Click something in here Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 59

60 AJAX and Netbeans TM Visual editing of JSF pages Netbeans TM plugin for drag-and-drop AJAX widgets using jmaki Lots of widgets Yahoo, Dojo, scriptaculous, Google,... Java TM Studio Creator technology Portlet development Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 60

61 Web Beans (SEAM) Observation#1: in joint EJB 3.0/JSF use, backing beans act as glue between: JSF-based front end Stateless session bean for the business logic Java TM Persistence API for persistence Observation #2: knowledge of long-running processes is spread all over Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 61

62 Web Beans Solution Use EJB 3.0 components as managed beans Introduce Move flow logic out of the beans Support for outjection moving objects out of the beans back into the context Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 62

63 Conclusion Java TM EE 5 platform here now Large improvements in ease-of-development New technologies more focused, flexible, extensible, toolable, easy to learn Fast pace of innovation all around the platform Lots of open source offerings Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 63

64 Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Roberto Chinnici Senior Staff Engineer Sun Microsystems, Inc. Roberto Chinnici Building Applications with the Java EE 5 Platform Page 64