C09: Interface and Abstract Class and Method

Transcription

1 CISC 3120 C09: Interface and Abstract Class and Method Hui Chen Department of Computer & Information Science CUNY Brooklyn College 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 1

2 Outline Recap Polymorphism In-class group exercise Abstract method Abstract class Interfaces The Object super class The instanceof operator 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 2

3 In-Class Group Exercise Shape, Circle, and Rectangle Discuss your solution with your team members 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 3

4 The Shape Class Do you like the area() method here? public class Shape { public double area() { System.out.println("This method is not supposed to be called."); return 0; Are we ever going to instantiate a Shape object? 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 4

5 Abstract Class A class that is declared abstract Example abstract class Animal { Abstract classes cannot be instantiated, but they can be subclassed. 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 5

6 Subclass & Instantiation Abstract classes cannot be instantiated, but they can be subclassed. abstract class Animal { How about these examples? Animal animal = new Animal(); class Dog extends Animal { 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 6

7 Subclass & Instantiation Abstract classes cannot be instantiated, but they can be subclassed. abstract class Animal { Animal animal = new Animal(); class Dog extends Animal { 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 7

8 Abstract Method A method that is declared without an implementation abstract void makenoise(); A class that has an abstract method must be declared abstract How about these examples? class Animal { abstract void makenoise(); abstract class Animal { abstract void makenoise(); 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 8

9 Class with Abstract Method A class that has an abstract method must be declared abstract class Animal { abstract void makenoise(); abstract class Animal { abstract void makenoise(); 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 9

10 Subclass an Abstract Class Concrete subclass A subclass may provide implementations for all of the abstract methods in its parent class. Abstract subclass The subclass must also be declared abstract if it does not provide implementation of all of the abstract methods in its parent class. 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 10

11 Example: Animal Game Animal Feline Dove Whale Cat Panther 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 11

12 Interfaces Not the interface in Graphical User Interface Java has a reference type, called interface Typically contain abstract methods only. Java 8 introduces the concept of default methods and permits static methods Interfaces cannot be instantiated can only be implemented by classes or extended by other interfaces 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 12

13 Example: Animal Game Interface FelineMotion Animal Interface BirdMotion Interface WhaleMotion Feline Dove Whale Cat Panther 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 13

14 Example: Birds Fly, Whales Swim, and Cats... public interface BirdMotion { public void fly(direction direction, double speed, double distance); public interface WhaleMotion { public void swim(direction direction, double speed, double distance); public interface FelineMotion { public void walk(direction direction, double speed, double distance); public void pounce(animal prey); 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 14

15 Example: Implementing Interfaces abstract class Feline implements FelineMotion { public void walk(direction direction, double speed, double distance) { public void pounce(animal prey) { class Dove extends Animal implements BirdMotion { public void fly(direction direction, double speed, double distance) { 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 15

16 Using an Interface as a Type Interfaces are data types void flyall(arraylist<birdmotion> flyinganimals) { 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 16

17 Evolving Interfaces Interfaces can be extended (like classes) interface CatMotion extends FelineMotion { public void tap(animal animal) ; 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 17

18 Example: Extending FelineMotion Interface FelineMotion Animal Interface BirdMotion Interface WhaleMotion Interface CatMotion Feline Dove Whale Cat Panther interface CatMotion extends FelineMotion { public void tap(animal animal) ; 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 18

19 Implementing Multiple Interfaces A class can implement multiple interfaces But a class cannot extend multiple classes Which one of the following are is allowed in Java? class FlyingCat extends Cat, Dove { class FlyingCat implements BirdMotion, CatMotion { 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 19

20 Implementing Multiple Interfaces A class can implement multiple interfaces But a class cannot extend multiple classes class FlyingCat extends Cat, Dove { class FlyingCat implements BirdMotion, CatMotion { 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 20

21 Example: Flying Cat in the Magic Kindom Interface FelineMotion Animal Interface BirdMotion Interface WhaleMotion Interface CatMotion Feline Dove Whale Cat Panther FlyingCat 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 21

22 What an object can do? Java may know what method an object can invoke only at runtime. As a programmer how do we cope? Use appropriate data types void flyall(arraylist<birdmotion> flyinganimals) { Check object type at runtime (using instanceof) 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 22

23 Operator instanceof Evaluates to true if the object is a given type; false otherwise public static void move(animal animal) { if (animal instanceof Cat) { 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 23

24 The Object Super Class Java has a class called Object, like All classes are subclass of Object in Java Object boolean equals() Class getclass() int hascode() String tostring() 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 24

25 Questions Abstract class Abstract method Interfaces Extending abstract classes Implementing interfaces The instanceof operator The Object superclass 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 25

26 Assignment To be available via Blackboard Project 2 9/28/2017 CUNY Brooklyn College 26