Introduction to UML. (Unified Modeling Language)

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1 Introduction to UML (Unified Modeling Language) What Is the UML? UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. UML is a family of graphical notations that help in describing and designing software systems that are particularly built using the object-oriented (OO) style. The UML represents a collection of best engineering practices that have proven successful in the modeling of large and complex systems. The UML is very important parts of developing object oriented software and the software development process. The UML is appropriate for modeling systems ranging from enterprise information systems to distributed Web-based applications and even to hard real time embedded systems. The UML is a language for Visualizing Specifying Constructing Documenting The UML Is a Language A language provides a vocabulary and the rules for combining words in that vocabulary for the purpose of communication. A modeling language is a language whose vocabulary and rules focus on the conceptual and physical representation of a system. A modeling language such as the UML is thus a standard language for software blueprints. The vocabulary and rules of a language such as the UML tells how to create and read well-formed models, but they don't tells what models should create and when should create them because that's the role of the software development process. 1/5

2 The UML Is a Language for Visualizing For many programmers, the distance between thinking of an implementation and then put it out in code is close to zero i.e. no difference. In fact, some things are best cast directly in code. Text is a wonderfully minimal and direct way to write expressions and algorithms. In most cases, the programmer is doing some modeling, though entirely mentally. Then after sketch out or visualize a few ideas on a white board which helps to develop error free system. The UML Is a Language for Specifying Specifying means building models that are precise, unambiguous, and complete. In particular, the UML addresses the specification of all the important analysis, design, and implementation decisions that must be made in developing and deploying a software-intensive system. The UML Is a Language for Constructing The UML is not a visual programming language, but its models can be directly connected to a variety of programming languages. This means that it is possible to map from a model in the UML to a programming language such as Java, C++, or Visual Basic, or even to tables in a relational database or the persistent store of an object-oriented database. So, Things are best expressed and constructed graphically in the UML, whereas things are best expressed textually in the programming language. The UML Is a Language for Documenting A healthy software organization produces all sorts of artifacts in addition to raw executable code. These artifacts include o Requirements o Architecture o Design o Source code o Project plans o Tests o Prototypes o Releases 2/5

3 Depending on the development culture, some of these artifacts are treated more or less formally than others. Such artifacts are not only the deliverables of a project, they are also critical in controlling, measuring, and communicating about a system during its development and after its deployment. Where Can the UML Be Used? The UML is intended primarily for software-intensive systems. It has been used effectively for such domains as o Enterprise information systems o Banking and financial services o Telecommunications o Transportation o Defense/aerospace o Retail o Medical electronics o Scientific o Distributed Web-based services The UML is not limited to modeling software. In fact, it is expressive enough to model non-software systems, such as workflow in the legal system, the structure and behavior of a patient healthcare system, software engineering in aircraft combat systems, and the design of hardware. Goals of UML The primary goals in the design of the UML were: Provide users with a ready-to-use, expressive visual modeling language so they can develop and exchange meaningful models. Provide extensibility and specialization mechanisms to extend the core concepts. Be independent of particular programming languages and development processes. Provide a formal basis for understanding the modeling language. Encourage the growth of the OO tools market. Support higher-level development concepts such as collaborations, frameworks, patterns and components. Integrate best practices. 3/5

4 Notations and Meta-Models The UML defines a notation and a meta-model. Notation The Notation is the graphical stuff that person see in models; it is the graphical syntax of the modeling language. For instance, class diagram notation defines how items and concepts, such as class, association, and multiplicity, are represented. Meta-model Meta-model is a diagram, usually a class diagram that defines the concepts of the language. Figure shows a small piece of the UML meta-model, and shows the relationship among features.

5 UML Diagrams UML describes 13 official diagram types and classification shown in Figure ****************

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