Table of Contents. Introduction... xxi

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1 Introduction... xxi Chapter 1: Getting Started with Web Applications in Java... 1 Introduction to Web Applications... 2 Benefits of Web Applications... 5 Technologies used in Web Applications... 5 Describing Java Servlet... 5 Describing JSP... 7 Describing ODBC and JDBC... 8 Introduction to Web Architecture Models... 9 Describing the Model-1 Architecture... 9 Describing the Model-2 Architecture Introduction to the MVC Architecture Describing the Model Component Describing the View Component Describing the Controller Component Summary Exercise Chapter 2: Getting Started with JDBC Introducing ODBC Defining ODBC Listing Features of ODBC Describing the ODBC Components Describing the ODBC Architecture Introducing JDBC Describing Components of JDBC Listing Features of JDBC Listing New Features in JDBC

2 viii Exploring the JDBC Architecture The Type-1 Driver The Type-2 Driver (Java to native API) The Type-3 Driver (Java to Network Protocol/All Java Driver) The Type-4 Driver (Java to Database protocol) Summary Exercise Chapter 3: Working with JDBC APIs Introducing JDBC API Explaining the Types of JDBC APIs Listing the New APIs and Features Added to JDBC Describing the Major Classes and Interfaces Communicating with Databases by using JDBC APIs Step 1: Obtaining a Connection Step 2: Creating a JDBC Statement Object Step 3: Executing SQL Statements Step 4: Closing the Connection Understanding Various JDBC Drivers The OCI8 Driver for Oracle The IDS Driver Oracle Thin Driver Summary Exercise Chapter 4: Implementing JDBC Statements and ResultSets Describing JDBC Statements Working with the Statement Interface Exploring the Methods of Statement Using Statement Working with the PreparedStatement Interface Comparing Statement and PreparedStatement Objects Describing setxxx()methods of PreparedStatement Using PreparedStatement Using PreparedStatement with Parameters Exploring the Usage of the PreparedStatement Object Listing the Advantages and Disadvantages of PreparedStatement Working with the CallableStatement Interface Describing Stored Procedures Listing the Benefits of Working with a Stored Procedure... 68

3 Using CallableStatement Using CallableStatement with Parameters Calling Functions by Using CallableStatement Using Cursors in CallableStatement Comparing Procedure and Function Working with the ResultSet Interface Describing the Methods of ResultSet Using ResultSet Retrieving All the Rows from a Table Retrieving a Particular Column Using ResultSet Handling NULL Values Working with the ResultSetMetaData Interface Describing ResultSetMetaData Using ResultSetMetaData Creating SQLEditor in Java Creating the Command-Based SQLEditor Creating the Windows-Based SQLEditor Using Advanced Concepts of ResultSet Exploring Characteristics of the ResultSet Object Setting the ResultSet Type and ResultSet Concurrency Using ResultSet Objects to Manipulate Data Closing the Connection Closing the Statement and ResultSet Working with the DatabaseMetaData Interface Retrieving Database and Driver Details Summary Exercise Chapter 5: Describing Advanced JDBC Concepts Exploring SQL-99 Data Types The BLOB Data Type The CLOB and NCLOB Data Types The NCLOB Data Type The Struct (Object) Data Type The Array Data Type The Ref Data Type Methods for Using Advanced Data Types Working with the ROWID Type Using the ROWID Object ix

4 The Lifetime of ROWID Validity Working with Batch Updates Using Batch Updates with the Statement Object Using Batch Updates with the PreparedStatement Object Describing SQL/XML and XML Support Creating the SQLXML Object Retrieving SQLXML Values Retrieving Auto-Generated Keys Working with RowSet in JDBC Connected RowSet Disconnected RowSet Using RowSet at Design Time Using RowSets at Runtime Exploring Connection Pooling Working with Connection Pool Working with Transactions Describing ACID Properties Types of Transactions Performing Transaction Management Describing the Wrapper Interface The iswrapperfor() Method The unwrap() Method Describing SQLException Summary Exercise Chapter 6: Understanding Java Servlet Understanding the Need for Server-Side Extensions Introducing CGI Introducing Java Servlet Advantages of a Servlet New Features of Servlet Exploring the Servlet Container Describing the Request Processing Mechanism Describing the Types of Servlet Container Configurations Introducing the Servlet API Describing the javax.servlet Package Describing the javax.servlet.http Package Implementing a Servlet Object x

5 The javax.servlet.servlet Interface The javax.servlet.servletconfig Interface Understanding the Servlet LifeCycle Describing the Stages of the Servlet LifeCycle Exploring the Servlet Life Cycle Methods Developing the First Servlet Application Creating the home.html Page Creating the LifeCycleServlet Creating the Deployment Descriptor Deploying Web Application Running the LifeCycle Application Understanding the Request Processing Workflow Request Navigation Request Delegation Working with the GenericServlet Class Exploring Methods of the GenericServlet Class Using the GenericServlet Class Summary Exercise Chapter 7: Understanding Request Processing and HTTP Implementing the ServletRequest Interface Managing the ServletRequest Object as a Throwaway Object Managing the ServletRequest Object Pool Working with Request Parameters Working with Initialization Parameters Exploring the Need for Initialization Parameters Retrieving Initialization Parameters Handling Servlet Initialization Parameters Working with Context Initialization Parameters Retrieving Context Initialization Parameters Using Context Initialization Parameters Understanding ServletResponse Understanding Request Dispatching Navigation Delegation Dispatching the Request Getting a RequestDispatcher object Understanding the include() and forward() Methods of RequestDispatcher xi

6 Working with RequestDispatcher Describing Request Attributes Working with Request Attributes Describing HTTP Basic Describing HTTP Status Codes Describing the HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse Interfaces Working with HttpServletRequest Working with HttpServletResponse Handling the HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse Interfaces Describing HttpServlet The HttpServlet Lifecycle Summary Exercise Chapter 8: Handling Sessions in Servlet Introducing Session Tracking Describing URL Rewriting Using Query String for URL Rewriting Using Path Info for URL Rewriting Listing the Disadvantages of URL Rewriting Considering Situations to Use URL Rewriting Exploring Hidden Form Fields Listing the Advantages and Disadvantages of Hidden Form Fields Considering the Situations to Use Hidden Form Fields Working with URL Rewriting and Hidden Form Fields Creating the SiteHome.html Page Creating the Login.html Page Creating the Send.html Page Creating the DriverConnection.java File Creating the UserDAO.java File Creating the LoginServlet.java Servlet Creating the Mail.java File Creating the MailsDAO.java File Creating the InboxServlet Servlet Creating the ViewMailServlet Servlet Creating the SendReplyServlet Servlet Creating the Deployment Descriptor File Creating Database Tables Creating Directory Structure xii

7 Running the Application Describing Cookies Listing the Advantages and Disadvantages of Cookies Considering the Situations to Use Cookies Using Cookies Creating the Home.html File Creating the AddCookieServlet.java File Creating the GetCookieServlet.java File Creating the web.xml File Running the Application Exploring HttpSession Creating a Session Object Locating a Session Object Associated with the Current Request Storing Information in a Session Attaching Session Identity to URLs Looking Up Information in a Session Discarding Completed or Abandoned Sessions Listing the Advantages and Disadvantages of HttpSession Considering the Situations to Use HttpSession Working with HttpSession Creating the Login.html File Creating the DriverConnection.java File Creating the UserDAO.java File Creating the Product.java File Creating the ProductsDAO.java File Creating the LoginServlet.java File Creating the UserHomeServlet.java File Creating the GetProductsServlet.java File Creating the AddProductServlet.java File Creating the GetCartDetailsServlet.java File Creating the LogoutServlet.java File Creating the web.xml File Describing ServletContext Attributes Context Attributes in a Distributed Container Describing Scopes of Web Application Objects Exploring the Single Thread Model Explaining the Need of Synchronization in Servlets Implementing SingleThreadModel Describing the ServletOutputStream Class xiii

8 Using ServletOutputStream Summary Exercise Chapter 9: Implementing Filters, Listeners, and Wrappers Exploring Filters Filter Interception Design Pattern How the Servlet Container Invokes Filter Filter API Working With Filters Event Classes Event Interfaces Describing Listeners Need of Event Programming and Importance of Listeners Types of Listeners Describing Listener Interfaces Describing Wrappers Need of Wrappers Types of Wrapper Classes Using Wrappers Summary Exercise Chapter 10: Applet-Servlet Communication Concepts of Trusted and Untrusted Applets HTTP and Raw Socket Connections Advantages and Disadvantages of HTTP Connection with CGI Program Advantages and Disadvantages of Raw Socket Connection with a Non-HTTP Server Servlets and Object Serialization Advantages and Disadvantages of Servlets and Object Serialization JDBC and RMI Advantages and Disadvantages of RMI for Applet-Servlet Communication Applet to Servlet Communication An Example Using Applet in Servlet Summary Exercise Chapter 11: Interservlet Communication Types of InterServlet Communication Direct Servlet Manipulation xiv

9 Viewing and Saving the Currently Loaded Servlets Saving the State of All the Servlets Currently Loaded Servlet Reuse Reusing ChatServlet Servlet Collaboration Collaboration through the System Properties List Collaboration through a Shared Object Collaboration through Inheritance Summary Exercise Chapter 12: New Features in Servlet Asynchronous Request Processing Non-Blocking I/O Mechanism HTTP Protocol Upgrade Mechanism Security Enhancement Summary Exercise Chapter 13: Introduction to JSP Understanding JSP Advantages of JSP over Servlets Introducing the Tag-based Approach Describing the JSP Architecture Describing the JSP Life Cycle The Page Translation Stage The Compilation Stage The Loading and Initialization Stage The Request Handling Stage The Destroying Stage Creating Simple JSP Pages Summary Exercise Chapter 14: Working with JSP Basic Tags and Implicit Objects Exploring Scripting Tags Types of Scripting Tags Working with JSP Scripting Tags Exploring Implicit Objects Features of Implicit Objects xv

10 xvi Types of Implicit Objects Working with Implicit Objects Exploring Directive Tags Types of Directive Tags Working with JSP Directive Tags Summary Exercise Chapter 15: Working with JavaBeans and Action Tags in JSP What is JavaBean? Advantages of using JavaBeans Action Tags Describing the Include Tag Describing the Forward Tag Describing the Param Tag Describing the <usebean> Tag Describing the <setproperty> Tag Describing the <getproperty> Tag Plugin Params Fallback Attribute Body Element Text Declaring a Bean in a JSP Creating a Bean Declaring the Bean in a JSP Accessing the Bean Properties Generating Dynamic Content within a JSP Deploying and Running Application Summary Exercise Chapter 16: Enhancing the JSP Tags Support Custom Tags Need of Custom Tags Elements of Custom Tags The Tag Extension API Empty Tags

11 Empty Tag Handler Life Cycle Using Empty Tags Body Content Tag Interface Body Tag Handler Life Cycle Using BodyContent Tag Iteration tag Interface Iteration Tag Handler Life Cycle Simple Tags Life Cycle of Simple Tag Handlers Differences between Simple Tag and Classic Tag Handlers The TryCatchFinally Interface Exception Handling Summary Exercise Chapter 17: Understanding JSP Expression Language Basic Syntax of using EL Types of EL Expressions Tag Attribute Types Resolving EL Expressions EL Operators JSP EL Reserve Words Implicit EL Objects Introducing Functions with EL Using EL Functions Summary Exercise Chapter 18: Implementing Internationalization Introducing Internationalization Java and Internationalization Describing the Locale Class Describing the ResourceBundle Class Internationalizing Web Applications Creating the JSP Views Creating the I18NServlet Class Creating the Resource Bundles Configuring the Application Designing the Application Directory Structure Running the Application xvii

12 xviii Summary Exercise Chapter 19: Working with JSP Standard Tag Library (JSTL) Describing JSTL Core Tags General-Purpose Tags Conditional and Looping Tags Networking Tags Describing JSTL SQL Tags Types of JSTL SQL Tags Using JSTL SQL Tags JSTL Formatting Tags Basic Formatting Tags Number Formatting Tags Date Formatting Tags Time Zone Formatting Tags JSTL XML Tags XML Core Tags XML Flow Control Tags XML Transformation Tags Implementing JSTL Tags JSTL Functions Summary Exercise Chapter 20: Working with JavaServer Faces Introducing JSF Explaining the Features of JSF New Features of JSF Exploring the JSF Architecture Describing JSF Elements UI Component Renderer Validators Backing Beans Converters Events and Listeners Message Navigation Exploring the JSF Request Processing Life cycle

13 The Restore View Phase The Apply Request Values Phase The Process Validation Phase The Update Model Values Phase The Invoke Application Phase The Render Response Phase Exploring JSF Tag Libraries JSF HTML Tags JSF Core Tags Exploring Backing Beans An Example of Using a Backing Bean Using a Backing Bean Method as an Event Handler Working with Managed Beans JSF Input Validation Using the Validator Method Using Validators JSF Type Conversion Handling Page Navigation in JSF Configuring JSF Applications Setting the web.xml File Configuring the faces-config.xml File Creating a Simple JSF Application Creating the views Creating Backing Bean Configuring the Application Summary Exercise Chapter 21: Java EE Design Patterns Describing the Java EE Application Architecture Introducing a Design Pattern Discussing the Role of Design Patterns Exploring Types of Patterns The Front Controller Pattern The Composite View Pattern The Composite Entity Pattern The Intercepting Filter Pattern The Transfer Object Pattern The Session Facade Pattern xix

14 The Service Locator Pattern The Data Access Object Pattern The View Helper Pattern The Dispatcher View Pattern The Service to Worker Pattern Summary Exercise Chapter 22: Implementing Security in Web Applications Exploring JAAS Implementing Authentication with JAAS Describing Authorization in Web Applications Implementing Data Integrity with JAAS API Exploring HTTP Authentication Mechanisms Describing HTTP Basic Authentication Describing Form-based Authentication Describing Client-Certificate Authentication Describing HTTP Digest Authentication Securing Web Applications Describing Declarative Security Describing Programmatic Security Summary Exercise Appendix A: Introduction to DBMS Appendix B: Hospital Management System Answers Index xx