The Environment. Scratch Programming. The Environment. The Environment. The Environment. The Environment. Lesson 1: Introduction THE STAGE

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1 Scratch Programming Lesson 1: Introduction Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 2 THE STAGE Code Executes Here Default Sprite Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 3 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 4 Available statements and coding components Objects (Motion) Sprites and Stage created and edited from here Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 5 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 6 1

2 Statement Categories Menu Commands Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 7 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 8 Menu Commands use New to start new projects use Save or Save As to preserve your work General Tools Duplicate Delete Expand Shrink Can be used on prites and code Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 9 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 10 General Info Coding Box Create, add and edit scripts, costumes and sounds here Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 11! You can have one or more sprites! All the sprites can be active on the stage at one time! Each sprite can have one or more scripts, costumes and sounds! Multiple scripts can be simultaneously affecting what sprite does! Sprites won t do anything until at least one of their scripts is activated! The first statement in a script usually tells what activates it, such as the Green Flag Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 12 2

3 Building Scripts Green flag starts many scripts Red flag stops scripts Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 13! Grab statement or coding component you want from proper category! Place into coding box! Statements will snap together! Fill in open spots in statements with proper coding components! They are shaped so they can only fit into certain types of statements! To delete a piece of code just drag it out of coding box back into statement section Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 14 Starting Script Starting Script Start with this if you want script to start when green flag is clicked Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 15 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 16 Starting Script Starting Script Start with this if you want script to start when a certain key is hit Start with this if you want script to start when the actual sprite is clicked Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 17 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 18 3

4 Problem Variables A checkbook starts with a balance of $1000. Write a script so that when the c key is hit (for check), the value of the check is asked for, the balance is adjusted to reflect the check has been deducted and the new balance is displayed. Balance Check Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 19 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 20 Scratch Variables! Use Make a Variable Scratch Variables! As soon as it is created, a set of statements is displayed: Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 21 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 22 Scratch Variables! As soon as it is created, a set of statements is displayed: Scratch Variables! As soon as it is created, a set of statements is displayed: Place in code to set variable to some value Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 23 Place in code to change variable by a set amount (such as increment) Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 24 4

5 Scratch Variables! As soon as it is created, a set of statements is displayed: Scratch Variables! As soon as it is created, a set of statements is displayed: Check this box if you always want variable displayed on the stage if you always want variable displayed on the stage Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 25 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 26! So far:! So far:! How can we ask questions and display answers? Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 27 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 28 Input and Output Input and Output! Sensing! Sensing Use this to ask a question, and wait for an answer. Use this to ask a question, and wait for an answer. The answer gets placed in a special variable that always exists called: answer Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 29 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 30 5

6 ! Sensing Input and Output Since answer will be used over and over for each question, it is wise to usually keep the value elsewhere in another variable so you can get to it whenever you want. Use this to ask a question, and wait for an answer. The answer gets placed in a special variable that always exists called: answer Make a variable to hold check value Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 31 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 32! So far:! So far: This is the first time we built a whole statement by dropping a component into a spot in another Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 33 This is the first time we built a whole statement by dropping a component into a spot in another - we grabbed the answer component from inside sensing Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 34 Input and Output Input and Output! Looks Have the sprite say or think things on the stage and leave the message up a set amount of time.! Looks The difference between say and think is just one of what type of bubble is linked to the sprite Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 35 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 36 6

7 Input and Output Input and Output! Looks The difference between say and think is just one of what type of bubble is linked to the sprite Say! Looks The difference between say and think is just one of what type of bubble is linked to the sprite Think Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 37 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 38! So far:! So far:! Demo: Balance Checkbook Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 39 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 40! So far:! What is missing? Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 41 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 42 7

8 Baseball: BattingAverage is Hits /Albats Baseball: BattingAverage is Hits /Albats Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 43 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 44 Baseball: BattingAverage is Hits /Albats Baseball: BattingAverage is Hits /Albats! Now make this the value for BattingAverage Now make this the value for BattingAverage Drop this operator into Set Variable statement Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 45 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 46 Physics: Force is Mass * Acceleration Physics: Force is Mass * Acceleration Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 47 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 48 8

9 Operators can be combined together. Figure the average of three heights. Operators can be combined together. Figure the average of three heights. Build two addition operators. Slide one into the other. Build two addition operators. Slide one into the other. Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 49 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 50 Operators can be combined together. Figure the average of three heights. Operators can be combined together. Figure the average of three heights. Create a division operator. Slide the three-way addition into the division. Set this average variable to this complete calculation. Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 51 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 52 The current value of a variable can be used in a calculation to figure out the next value of a variable. The current value of a variable can be used in a calculation to figure out the next value of a variable. Double X Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 53 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 54 9

10 The current value of a variable can be used in a calculation to figure out the next value of a variable. Double X! Calculate the new balance Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 55 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 56! Calculate the new balance The new balance is the old balance minus the check value.! Calculate the new balance The new balance is the old balance minus the check value. Example. Balance: 1000 Check:100 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 57 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 58! Calculate the new balance The new balance is the old balance minus the check value.! Calculate the new balance The new balance is the old balance minus the check value. Example. Balance: 1000 Check:100 new Balance: 900 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 59 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 60 10

11 ! Calculate and display balance. End Script.! Calculate and display balance. End Script. Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 61 Demo: Balancing Checkbook 2 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 62 Notice space after hello? Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 63 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 64 Notice space after hello? This creates: Notice space after hello? This creates: hello world Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 65 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 66 11

12 This can be given to Say or Think.. Can combine a lot together - even text and variables - to make more interesting statements. Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 67 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 68 Can combine a lot together - even text and variables - to make more interesting statements. Place one join in another. Can combine a lot together - even text and variables - to make more interesting statements. Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 69 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 70. Given to Say, this would display:. Given to Say, this would display: Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 71 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 72 12

13 ! Use one Say! Use one Say Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 73 See the $ Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 74! Use one Say.! So we can handle many checks, lets only set balance to 1000 when the green flag is clicked. See two scripts for one sprite? Demo: Balancing Checkbook 3 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 75 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 76! So we can handle many checks, lets only set balance to 1000 when the green flag is clicked.! Extension: Hey, how about handling deposits when d is clicked? Demo: Balancing Checkbook 4 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 77 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 78 13

14 ! Extension: Hey, how about handling deposits when d is clicked?! Extension: Have some fun with multimedia. Edit the sprite to be a checkbook: Rename checkbook Click costumes tab Import or paint a checkbook Demo: Balancing Checkbook 5 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 79 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 80! Extension: Have some fun with multimedia. Edit the sprite to be a checkbook:! Extension: Have some fun with multimedia. Edit the stage to be a scale: 1. Click Stage 2. Click Backgrounds tab 3. Click Edit Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 81 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 82! Extension: Have some fun with multimedia. Edit the stage to be a scale: Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 83! Extension: Have some fun with multimedia. Now include Motion commands in code to move checkbook sprite along the scale as the balance changes. Go to X:? Y:? Place sprite at certain point on screen Hint: move pointer on stage and lower right will display x,y coordinates Point in direction? Specify direction you want sprite to point Next time it moves will be in that direction. -90 is left; 90 is right Move? Steps Move a certain amount of steps in current direction. Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 84 14

15 Full code. Full code. Demo: Balancing Checkbook Position sprite by 1000 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 85 Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 86 Full code. Full code. Face left Point right Move that many steps Calculate # of steps Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 87 Calculate # of steps Move that many steps Jt Scratch Lesson 1 Fall 2011 slide 88 15

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