SDC Design patterns GoF

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1 SDC Design patterns GoF

2 Design Patterns The design pattern concept can be viewed as an abstraction of imitating useful parts of other software products. The design pattern is a description of communicating objects and classes that are customized to solve a general design problem in a particular context.

3 General structure of design patterns Pattern name Problem Solution Consequences

4 Structure of design patterns in software design Pattern Name and Classification Intent Also Known As Motivation Applicability Structure Collaborations Consequences Implementation Sample Code Known Uses Related Patterns

5 Structure of design patterns in software design II Pattern Name and Classification Intent Also Known As Motivation Applicability Structure Collaborations Consequences Implementation Sample Code Known Uses Related Patterns

6 Classification of Design Patterns Creational patterns defer some part of object creation to a subclass or another object. Structural patterns compose classes or objects. Behavioral patterns describe algorithms or cooperation of objects.

7 Creational Design Patterns Factory Method defines an interface to create an object, but let subclasses decide which class to instantiate. Abstract Factory provides an interface to create families of related objects without specifying their concrete classes. Prototype specifies the kinds of objects to create using a prototypical instance, and to create new objects by copying this prototype. Builder separates the construction of a complex object from its representation so that the same construction process can create different representations. Singleton ensures that the class only has one instance and provides a global point of access to it.

8 Structural Design Patterns Composite composes objects into tree structures to represent partwhole hierarchies. Composites let client treat individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly. Adapter converts the interface of a class into another interface clients expect. Adapters let classes work together that couldn t otherwise because of incompatible interfaces. Decorator attach additional responsibilities to an object dynamically. Decorators provide a flexible alternative to subclassing for extending functionality. Proxy provides a surrogate or representative for another object to control access to it. Façade provides a unified interface to a set of interfaces in a subsystem. Flyweight uses sharing support for large numbers of fine-grained objects efficiently.

9 Behavioral Design Patterns Chain of Responsibility avoids coupling senders of a request to its receiver by giving more than one object a chance to handle the request. Chain the receiving objects and pass the request along the chain until an object handles it. Command encapsulates a request as an object, thereby letting you parameterize clients with different requests, queue or log requests, and support undoable operations. Iterator provides a way to access the elements of an aggregate object sequentially without exposing its underlying representation. Observer defines a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes its state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically. State allows an object to alter its behavior when its internal state changes. The object will appear to change its class. Strategy defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each one, and makes them interchangeable. Strategy lets algorithm vary independently from clients that use it. Given a language, interpreter defines a representation for its grammar along with an interpreter that uses the representation to interpret sentences in the language. Visitor represents an operation to be performed on the elements of an object structure. Without violating encapsulation, memento captures and externalizes object's internal state so that the object can be restored to this state later. Mediator defines an object that encapsulates how a set of objects interacts. Template method defines the skeleton of an algorithm in an operation, deferring some steps to subclasses.

10 OO Design Patterns Template Method Pattern The Template Method pattern aims to reduce the amount of duplicate code among subclasses of the same parent class It is particularly useful when multiple subclasses have similar but not identical implementations of the same method This pattern addresses this problem by localizing the duplicate code structure in an abstract class from which the subclasses inherit The abstract class defines a template method that implements the common steps of an operation, and declares abstract primitive operations that represent the variation points

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12 OO Design Patterns Factory Method Pattern The Factory Method pattern is used to encapsulate the code that creates objects The factory Method pattern is similar to the Template method pattern The similar but not identical methods are the constructor methods that instantiate objects

13 OO Design Patterns Strategy Pattern The Strategy pattern allows algorithms to be selected at runtime It is useful when various algorithms are available to an application but the chose of best algorithm is not known

14 OO Design Patterns Decorator Pattern The Decorator pattern is used to extend an object s functionality at runtime Decorator pattern is a flexible alternative to using inheritance at design time to create subclasses that support new features

15 OO Design Patterns Decorator Pattern(continued)

16 OO Design Patterns Observer Pattern The Observer pattern is an application of the publish subscribe architecture style Useful when software needs to notify multiple objects of key events

17 OO Design Patterns Composite Pattern A composite object is a heterogeneous, possibly recursive, collection of objects that represents some composite entity The composite pattern promotes the uses of a single uniform interface

18 OO Design Patterns Visitor Pattern The Visitor pattern collects and encapsulates operation fragments into their own classes Each operation is implemented as a separate subclass of an abstract Visitor class

19 OO Design Patterns Application of Composite Pattern to Represent Math Expressions

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