2010 가을학기부산대학교정보컴퓨터공학부 OVERVIEW OF GUI PROGRAMMING
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1 2010 가을학기부산대학교정보컴퓨터공학부 OVERVIEW OF GUI PROGRAMMING
2 Outline Graphic User Interface (GUI) Introduction AWT and Swing Graphics Programming Event Handling User Interface Components with Swing 2
3 Graphic User Interface (GUI) GUI (gooey) A type of user interface that allows users to interact with programs in more ways than typing Offers graphical icons, and visual indicators Windows, menus, radio buttons, check boxes and icons 3
4 Learning Swing with the IDE NetBeans IDE Lesson: Learning Swing with the NetBeans IDE g/learn/index.html 4
5 AWT and Swing Abstract Window Toolkit (java.awt) Delegating creation and behavior to the native GUI toolkit on each target platform (Windows, Solaris, Macintosh) Swing (javax.swing) A rich and convenient set of user interface elements A platform independent, Model View Controller GUI framework for Java 5
6 Inheritance Hierarchy Object Component AWT Container Canvas JComponent Window... JPanel... Frame Dialog Swing JFrame JDialog 6
7 Creating a Frame Frame A top level window AWT library has a class, called Frame Swing library has a class, called JFrame Simple JFrame 7
8 Creating a Frame public class SimpleFrameTest { public static void main(string[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { SimpleFrame frame = new SimpleFrame(); frame.setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exit_on_close); frame.setvisible(true); } }); } } class SimpleFrame extends JFrame { public SimpleFrame() { setsize(default_width, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } public static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; public static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; } 8
9 Positioning a Frame class SizedFrame extends JFrame { public SizedFrame() { // get screen dimensions Toolkit kit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(); Dimension screensize = kit.getscreensize(); int screenheight = screensize.height; int screenwidth = screensize.width; // set frame width, height // and let platform pick screen location setsize(screenwidth / 2, screenheight / 2); setlocationbyplatform(true); // set frame icon and title Image img = kit.getimage("icon.gif"); seticonimage(img); settitle("sizedframe"); } } 9
10 Internal Structure of JFrame Title frame root pane layered pane menu bar content pane glass pane 10
11 Graphics Programming 11
12 Java 2D Demo 12
13 Displaying Information Adding components into the content pane Container contentpane = frame.getcontentpane(); Component com =...; contentpane.add(com); Displaying information in a component class MyComponent extends JComponent { public void paintcomponent(graphics g) { // code for drawing } } If you need to force repainting, call repaint() method instead of paintcomponent() 13
14 Displaying Information class NotHelloWorldFrame extends JFrame { public NotHelloWorldFrame() { settitle("nothelloworld"); setsize(default_width, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); // add panel to frame NotHelloWorldComponent comp = new NotHelloWorldComponent(); add(comp); } public static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; public static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; } class NotHelloWorldComponent extends JComponent { public void paintcomponent(graphics g) { g.drawstring("not a Hello, World program", MESSAGE_X, MESSAGE_Y); } public static final int MESSAGE_X = 75; public static final int MESSAGE_Y = 100; } 14
15 Java 2D Rendering Graphics2D Rendering Context The pen style that is applied to the outline of a shape. This stroke attribute enables you to draw lines with any point size and dashing pattern and to apply end cap and join decorations to a line. The fill style that is applied to a shape's interior. This paint attribute enables you to fill shapes with solid colors, gradients, and patterns. The clip, which restricts rendering to the area within the outline of the Shape used to define the clipping path. Any Shape can be used to define the clip. The transform that is applied during rendering to convert the rendered object from user space to device space coordinates. Optional translation, rotation, scaling, or shearing transforms can also be applied through this attribute. The font used to convert text strings to glyphs. Rendering hints that specify preferences in the trade offs between speed and quality. For example, you can specify whether antialiasing should be used, if it's available. The compositing style that is used when rendered objects overlap existing objects. 15
16 Coordinate Systems The Java 2D system maintains two coordinate spaces User space is the space in which graphics primitives are specified Device space is the coordinate system of an output device, such as a screen, window, or a printer (0,0) (75,100) 16
17 Shapes Classes in the java.awt.geom Package Arc2D Ellipse2D QuadCurve2D Area GeneralPath Rectangle2D CubicCurve2D Line2D RectangularShape Dimension2D Point2D RoundRectangle2D 17
18 Displaying Graphics with Graphics2D // draw Line2D.Double g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(x, y+retheight 1, x + rectwidth, y)); // draw Rectangle2D.Double g2.setstroke(stroke); g2.draw(new Rectangle2D.Double(x, y, rectwidth, rectheight)); // draw RoundRectangle2D.Double g2.setstroke(dashed); g2.draw(new RoundRectangle2D.Double(x, y, rectwidth, rectheight, 10, 10)); // draw Arc2D.Double g2.setstroke(widestroke); g2.draw(new Arc2D.Double(x, y, rectwidth, rectheight, 90, 135, Arc2D.OPEN)); // draw Ellipse2D.Double g2.setstroke(stroke); g2.draw(new Ellipse2D.Double(x, y, rectwidth, rectheight)); 18
19 Event Handling 19
20 Event Handling Relationship between event sources and listeners Event source 1..* <<set of one or more>> Event listener <<implements>> Listener interface 20
21 Event Notification MyFrame new JButton new addactionlistener MyListener actionperformed 21
22 public class Beeper extends JPanel implements ActionListener { JButton button; public Beeper() { super(new BorderLayout()); button = new JButton("Click Me"); button.setpreferredsize(new Dimension(200, 80)); add(button, BorderLayout.CENTER); button.addactionlistener(this); } public void actionperformed(actionevent e) { Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep(); } public static void main(string[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { JFrame frame = new JFrame("Beeper"); frame.setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exit_on_close); JComponent newcontentpane = new Beeper(); newcontentpane.setopaque(true); frame.setcontentpane(newcontentpane); frame.pack(); frame.setvisible(true); } }); } } 22
23 Inheritance Diagram of AWT event classes Event Object AWT Event Action Event Adjustment Event Component Event Item Event Focus Event Input Event Paint Event Window Event Key Event Mouse Event MouseWheel Event 23
24 Event Handling Summary Interface Method Parameter/ Accessors ActionListener actionperformed ActionEvent getactioncommend getmodifiers AdjustmentListener adjustmentvaluechanged AdjustmentEvent getadjustable getadjustmenttype getvalue ItemListener itemstatechanged ItemEvent getitem getitemselectable getstatechange FocusListener focusgained focuslost FocusEvent istemporary Events Generated By AbstractButton JComboBox JTextField Timer JScrollbar AbstractButton JComboBox Component 24
25 Event Handling Summary Interface Method Parameter/ Accessors Events Generated By KeyListener keypressed keyreleased keytyped KeyEvent getkeychar getkeycode getkeymodifierstext getkeytext isactionkey Component MouseListener mousepressed mousereleased mouseentered mouseexited mouseclicked MouseEvent getclickcount getx gety getpoint translatepoint Component MouseMotionListener mousedragged mousemoved MouseEvent Component 25
26 Event Handling Summary Interface Method Parameter/ Accessors MouseWheelListener mousewheelmoved MouseWheelEvent getwheelrotation getscrollamount WindowListener WindowFocusListener windowclosing windowopened windowiconified windowdeiconified windowactivated windowdeactivated windowgainedfocus windowlostfocus WindowEvent getwindow WindowEvent getoppositewindow WindowStateListener windowstatechanged WindowEvent getoldstate getnewstate Events Generated By Component Window Window Window 26
27 UI Components with Swing 27
28 Inheritance Hierarchy for the Component Object Component Container Window JComponent Frame Dialog JPanel JText Componenet JLabel JMenu Bar Abstract Button JCombo Box JScroll Pane JFrame JDialog JTextField JTextArea JButton JToggle Button JMenuItem 28
29 Swing Set Demo 29
30 Basic Controls JButton JSlider JCheckBox JSpinner JTextField JPasswordField JComboBox JRadioButton JList JMenu 30
31 Interactive Displays JColorChooser JEditorPane JTextPane 31
32 Interactive Displays JTree JTable JTextArea JFileChooser 32
33 Uneditable Information Displays JLabel JToolTip JProgressBar JSeparator 33
34 Top Level Containers JApplet JDailog JFrame 34
35 General Purpose Containers JPanel JToolBar JSplitPane JTabbedPane JScrollPane 35
36 Special Purpose Containers JInternalFrame JLayeredPane Root pane 36
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