JVM and application bottlenecks troubleshooting

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1 JVM and application bottlenecks troubleshooting How to find problems without using sophisticated tools Daniel Witkowski, EMEA Technical Manager, Azul Systems

2 Daniel Witkowski - About me IT consultant and public speaker Design and optimization of enterprise systems System and application tuning Low-latency optimizations Worked with Java since 1998 Some academic background (bachelor and master thesis related to design and optimization of Java Enterprise) Working for Azul Systems since 2006

3 How is Azul s Java Platform Different? Same JVM standard Enhanced OpenJDK, fully Java compatible passes Java Compatibility Kit (JCK) server-level compatibility (~53000 tests ) A different approach Garbage is good! Designed with insight that worst case must eventually happen Unique values Highly scalable 100s GB with consistent low pause times other JVMs will have longer stop-the-world pauses in proportion to size of JVM and memory allocation rate Elastic memory insurance for JVMs to handle dynamic load unlike other JVMs which are rigidly tuned ReadyNow! Technology Collects New Garbage and Old Garbage concurrently with running application threads there is no stop-the-world for GC purposes (you will only see extremely short pause times to reach safepoints) unlike other JVMs which will eventually stop-the-world. Compacts Memory concurrently with your application threads running Zing will move objects without stop-the-world or single-threading which is a major issue with other JVMs Measuring pause times from FIRST thread stopped (unlike other JVMs) Rich non-intrusive production visibility with ZVision and ZVRobot WYTIWYG (What You Test Is What You Get)

4 This Talk s Purpose / Goals How to look for a performance problems What tools to leverage What aproach is the best to find a bottleneck Purpose: Once you understand how it works, you can use your own brain... Add-on Coordinated Omission Problem - How can GC impact you system in a not visible way

5 Coordinated Omission Problem

6 The coordinated omission problem Common Example: build/buy simple load tester to measure throughput each client issues requests one by one at a certain rate measure and log response time for each request results log used to produce histograms, percentiles, etc. So what s wrong with that? works well only when all responses fit within rate interval technique includes implicit automatic backoff and coordination But requirements interested in random, uncoordinated requests How bad can this get, really?

7 Example of naïve % ile measurement System easily handles 100 requests/sec Responds to each in 1msec System Stalled for 100 Sec How would you characterize this system? Overall Average response time is ~25 sec. Avg. is 1 msec over 1st 100 sec Avg. is 50 sec. over next 100 sec ~50% ile is 1 msec Elapsed Time ~75% ile is 50 sec 99.99% ile is ~100sec

8 Example of naïve % ile measurement System easily handles 100 requests/sec Responds to each in 1msec System Stalled for 100 Sec Naïve Characterization 1msec 100 second Elapsed Time 99.99% ile is 1 msec! Average. is 10.9msec! Std. Dev. is 0.99sec! (should be ~100sec) (should be ~25 sec)

9 Proper measurement System easily handles 100 requests/sec Responds to each in 1msec System Stalled for 100 Sec 10,000 1 msec each 10,000 results Varying linearly from 100 sec to 10 msec Elapsed Time ~50% ile is 1 msec ~75% ile is 50 sec 99.99% ile is ~100sec

10 DEMO

11 Initial performance Application architecture Tomcat 7.x Simple web application (WAR) No database Load tests JMeter Thread pool of 10 worker threads

12 Application problem areas Application Framework/libraries Application server/runtime environment Operating System Hardware

13 What JVisualVM is saying CPU is 50% - good GC is 20% - bad Heap is fine. Small liveset and stable Not too many threads

14 ) Fixing GC issues (msec) Tomcat (baseline) by Time Interval Max per Interval 99% 99,90% 99,99% Max Elapsed Time (sec) (msec) Tomcat (baseline) by Percentile Distribution Max=440,32 0 0% 90% 99% 99.9% 99.99% % Percentile Situation 20% GC time and no allocation Probably somebody wants to help JVM: System.gc(); In general hard to find but easy to fix: -XX:+DisableExplicitGC

15 How we are doing Before And after

16 What JVisualVM is saying CPU is 0% - bad Heap is fine. Small liveset and stable Not too many threads

17 JVisualVM - threads Situation Not many threads But only 1 worker Let s increase worker threads for Tomcat

18 Zing Vision how it would help Quick application bottleneck check No contention Profile is OK Let s check thread list Thread list Thread detail

19 How we are doing Before And after Nothing amazing and within a margin of error

20 What JVisualVM is saying CPU is 0% - bad Heap is fine. Small liveset and stable More threads quite expected

21 JVisualVM - threads RED IS BAD! Situation Many worker threads Almost all threads are waiting on monitor Some contention somewhere

22 JVisualVM thread dump I kind of made it easy. Not always like this in a real world

23 Zing Vision how it would help Quick application bottleneck check Just click away from all call paths Contention is not always in your code, so knowing call stack helps!

24 OK, some source code finally Situation Synchronized servlet method Servlet is thread safe so it useless Yes, I know it s stupid but everybody makes mistakes and they are usually not that obvious

25 How we are doing Before And after Now it s amazing.

26 What JVisualVM is saying CPU is 30% - OK Heap is fine. Small liveset and stable More threads quite expected

27 JVisualVM - threads RED IS BAD! Situation Many worker threads Much more active in parallel but still a lot are waiting on monitor Some contention somewhere

28 JVisualVM thread dump Oh, nice. Somebody likes to log Or Somebody forgot to reduce verbose logging on production

29 Zing Vision how it would help Quick application bottleneck check Just click away from all call paths Finding all places with log.debug/info might take a while without this

30 OK, some source code finally Situation We only call log.debug but we have INFO on production Oh, nice, somebody logs too much in other method Solution Always use isdebugenabled Little more coding Much less stress

31 How we are doing Before And after Now it s super amazing.

32 Zing Vision any more we can do? Quick application bottleneck check

33 Before What we did? And after Now it s super amazing. And my windows machine would die soon with this load

34 jhiccup do we see a difference? (msec) Tomcat (baseline) by Time Interval Max per Interval 99% 99,90% 99,99% Max Elapsed Time (sec) (msec) Tomcat (after application and system tuning) by by Time Interval Max per Interval 99% 99,90% 99,99% Max Max Elapsed Time (sec) (sec) (msec) Tomcat (baseline) by Percentile Distribution Max=440, % 90% 99% 99.9% 99.99% % Percentile (msec) Max=66, Tomcat (after application and system tuning) by by Percentile Distribution Max=66, % 0% 90% 90% 99% 99% 99.9% 99.9% 99.99% 99.99% % % Percentile

35 What we did? Tools used JVisualVM Azul ZVision Brain Some nice tools left out Top Vmstat Changes made Fixed bad calls to System.gc() Increased pool size Remove unnecessary synchronized block Decreased verbose logging

36 Q & A

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