Hybrid DOM-Sensitive Change Impact Analysis for JavaScript

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1 Hybrid DOM-Sensitive Change Impact Analysis for JavaScript Saba Alimadadi, Ali Mesbah and Karthik Pattabiraman ECOOP 2015

2 Change Impact Analysis (CIA)! Software must continually change to adapt to the changing environment. Goal: identifying parts of the program that are potentially affected by a change. 1!

3 Challenges of CIA for JavaScript! JavaScript DOM Server 2!

4 Challenge 1: Impact through the DOM! JavaScript DOM function calculatetax() { $(.price ).each(function(index) { $(this).text(addtaxtoprice( $(this).text()); }); } body fieldset div div function checkprice() {... var cad_price = $( #price_ca ).innertext();... } class=price id=price_ca 3!

5 Challenge 2: Impact through Event Propagation! JavaScript DOM $( #price_ca ).bind( click, checkprice); $( prices ).bind( click, calculatetax); function calculatetax() {... } function checkprice() {... } body name=prices fieldset div div id=price_ca 4!

6 Challenge 3: Impact through XHRs! JavaScript Server function checkprice() { var itemname = extractname($( item231 )O; $.ajax({ url : prices/latest.php, type : POST, data : itemname, success : eval(getaction() + item ) }); } XHR! function updateitem(xhr) { var updatedinfo = getupdatedprice(xhr.responsetext); suggestitem.apply(this, updatedinfo); } 5!

7 Challenges of CIA for Client-Side JavaScript 1. JavaScript and Document Object Model (DOM) 2. Events and event propagation 3. JavaScript and XMLHttpRequests (XHRs) + High dynamism of JavaScript 6!

8 Exploratory Study: DOM-related and Event-based Impacts Subject: 10 web apps (online contests, GitHub trending, etc.) Gathered data: JavaScript-DOM interactions (write-read pairs) Event propagation Further analysis of the structure of graphs. Measured metrics: fan-in and fan-out of functions and DOM elements, and average path lengths 7!

9 Exploratory Study: Results! W-R DOM elements: 42% DOM Elements Propagated handlers: 14% Event Handlers 42% W-R Elements 14% Propagated 58% 86% foo() elem bar() 8!

10 Hybrid Analysis! Static Analysis Dynamic Analysis Hybrid Model Ranked Impact Sets 9!

11 Static Analysis! Static Analysis Dynamic Analysis Hybrid Model Ranked Impact Sets Control (and data) dependencies Partial data-flow analysis 10!

12 Example: Static Model! Function XHR object DOM element Directed and labeled edge checkprice()! XHR! getupdatedprice()! updateitem()! calculatetax()! suggestitem()! addtaxtoprice()! 11!

13 Dynamic Analysis! Static Analysis Dynamic Analysis Hybrid Model Ranked Impact Sets Impact through DOM foo() elem bar() Impact through events XHR relations (open, send, response) Dynamic call graph JavaScript dynamism (eval(), function variadicity) 12!

14 Example: Dynamic Model! Function XHR object DOM element Directed and labeled edge checkprice()! XHR! #item231! #pricegca!.price! getupdatedprice()! updateitem()! calculatetax()! displaysuggeskon()! suggestitem()! 13!

15 Static Analysis Dynamic Analysis Hybrid Model Ranked Impact Sets 14!

16 Vertices Example: Hybrid Analysis! Edges Function XHR object DOM element Directed and labeled edge getupdatedprice()! checkprice()! XHR! updateitem()! #item231! #pricegca!.price! calculatetax()! displaysuggeskon()! suggestitem()! addtaxtoprice()! 15!

17 Static Analysis Dynamic Analysis Hybrid Model Ranked Impact Sets 16!

18 Impact Metrics and Impact Set Ranking Problem: size of impact sets Solutions: impact ranks, based on impact metrics f in (d): Number of functions f such that f W d f in (f): Number of elements d such that f R d f out (f): Number of elements d such that f W d L avg (P): Average length of impact paths in the app D m (e): Minimum distance of e from the change set IR pr (e): Impact of previous entity 17!

19 Tool Implementation: Tochal Tochal: open source Proxy (Java, JavaScript) Esprima, Estraverse, Escodegen, Mutation Summary, WALA Client-side (Google Chrome extension) Chrome DevTools 18!

20 Research Question 1 Does Tochal outperform static and dynamic analysis methods in terms of the completeness of the results obtained? 19!

21 Study: Static vs. Dynamic vs. Tochal 10 web applications 3 random functions as change sets Comparing: Size of impact sets Number of functions in dependency graphs 20!

22 Results: Impact Sets Comparing size of impact sets Static Hybrid Dynamic Hybrid : 26% : 80% Static Dynamic Tochal 21

23 Results: Graphs Comparing size of model graphs Static Hybrid : 59% Static Dynamic Dynamic Hybrid : 84% 22

24 Results: Graphs Comparing size of model graphs Pure Static Hybrid : 15% Static Dynamic Pure Dynamic : 42% Hybrid 23

25 Research Question 2 Does Tochal help developers in practice to perform change impact analysis? 24!

26 Experiment: Design 12 participants from industry Task Description Performed 4 tasks T1 T2 T3 T4 Finding the potential impact of a DOM element Finding the potential impact of a JavaScript function Finding a conflict after making a new change (no ranking) Finding a bug in JavaScript code We measured task completion duration and accuracy 25!

27 User Experiment: Results! Duration Accuracy Tochal Other Tochal Other T1 T2 T3 T4 Total 0 T1 T2 T3 T4 Total 80% faster 2 times more accurate 26!

28 Results: Ranking Duration Accuracy 7:12! 6:00! 4:48! 3:36! 2:24! 1:12! 0:00! W/O rank W/ rank ~3 times faster 25% more accurate

29 28!

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