Architecting ASP.NET Applications

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2 Architecting ASP.NET Applications

3 About me Name: Gunnar Peipman Origin: Tallinn, Estonia Work: Architect, developer Microsoft: ASP.NET/IIS MVP Community: Blogger, speaker Blog: Hobbies: travelling, technology, brewing

4 Agenda Introduction Server-side architecture Client-side architecture Performance Get ready for changes

5 Server-side architecture

6 Understanding the application What are expectations on UI? What functionalities will be there? How big load we should expect? Are there any external services? How fast is system growth?

7 Architectural patterns Transaction Script Table Module Domain Model Service Layer Patterns of Enterprise Applications Architecture (Martin Fowler)

8 Transaction Script Organizes business logic by procedures where each procedure handles a single request from the presentation int GetNetProfitForMonth(DateTime month) int InsertPayment(int customerid, decimal sum) Usually simple code using ADO.NET Some classes with operations + base class

9 Table Module A single instance that handles the business logic for all rows in a database table or view. class Product { Product GetById(int id) int SaveProduct(Product product) } Class per type All classes handle all operations related to type

10 Domain Model An object model of the domain that incorporates both behavior and data. Living classes that communicate with each other Classes perform operations We can use Entity Framework or Nhibernate as ORM

11 Service Layer Defines an application's boundary with a layer of services that establishes a set of available operations and coordinates the application's response in each operation. Additional layer between PL and BL Serves UI, provides DTO-s with no relations to DB Easier for UI guys than Domain Model Better layering and separation of concerns

12 Our architecture now Web application Service Layer Domain Model Data Layer

13 Data store RDBMS some relational database + ORM NoSQL MongoDB, ElasticDB, DocumentDB Web Services Web API, WCF, SOAP Files local files, cloud storage

14 Our architecture now Web application Service Layer Domain Model Data Layer Storage MSSQL MongoDB Web Services Server disk Cloud

15 UI architecture

16 UI styles Classic server-side code Some AJAX Single Page Application (SPA) Component-based (rare) Most often your application is mix of first three.

17 Dynamic UI More complex JavaScript Requests for HTML and JSON Data provided by Web API JavaScript Data Binder Model Adapter Web Application Controller Model Result

18 Our achitecture now JavaScript Application Web Application Web API Service Layer Domain Model Data Layer Storage MSSQL MongoDB Web Services Server disk Cloud

19 Performance

20 Performance User interface Web application Data access

21 User interface Go for very well performing JavaScript and CSS We have no control over users machines Dumb user has usually way lighter computer than the rockets we use Avoid chatty data layer in UI Work together with UI guys to make sure all these issues get addressed

22 Web application Go for smaller resource consumption Prefer thin controllers over fat ones Make sure models carry data and provide functionalities that support UI View must present only what model provides Use bundling and minification Use CDN-s Use output cache

23 Data access Main focus is on data consistency and data store performance Work close with DBA to make sure database performs well Usually heavy optimization on ORM level is needed Transactions! Transactions! Transactions!

24 Get ready for changes

25 Selecting correct architecture Estimate size of codebase and its growth Have a plan for rapid growth for codebase Have a plan for supporting big userbase Some parts of application may be services in future Be ready to use cloud services to scale If you application has fast growth then also architecture changes. Stay two steps ahead of changes!

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