Xcode and Swift CS 4720 Mobile Application Development

Transcription

1 Xcode and Swift Mobile Application Development

2 Why Java for Android? Let s first recap: why do you think Android uses Java? 2

3 Why Java for Android? Some good reasons: You can t find a CS major that doesn t know Java Java s relatively easy to pick up Code runs in a VM, which means you don t have to recompile for every different phone platform Tons of tools and support Java manages pointers and garbage collection automatically, so less likely to get in trouble Java ME already a thing for mobile 3

4 History of Apple Development To appreciate where ios development came from, we need to look back at how developing for Apple platforms became what it is And that story begins with Smalltalk 4

5 Smalltalk Created in the 1970s at Xerox PARC Originally built for educational purposes Smalltalk is basically THE ancestor for objectoriented development Many of the OO patterns we know (like MVC) started with Smalltalk Major influence in Agile, GUIs, and IDEs 5

6 Smalltalk Yes, at the heart of Smalltalk is objects (everything is an object) But the real take away is messaging Method calls are effectively messages with answers 6

7 42 factorial 2 raisedto: 4 Smalltalk hello world indexof: $o startingat: 6 Rectangle width: 100 height: > 4 7

8 Objective-C In the 1980s, work on Objective-C began at a telecom company, ITT The thought was OO was the future (and Smalltalk was the blueprint) but backwards compatibility with C legacy systems was important The main description of Objective-C was published in

9 Objective-C In 1988, NeXT licensed Objective-C and began work to extend the GCC compiler NeXT built foundational tools for building good user interfaces NeXT computers never really took off but basically everyone thought the toolsets were really great So, NeXT started focusing on software 9

10 NeXTSTEP 10

11 Oh, by the way Objective-C NeXT was founded by Steve Jobs after he was forced out of Apple in the late 1980s NeXT was purchased in full by Apple in 1997 Jobs took over as CEO of the combined company at the same time Jobs canned several smaller projects (like the Newton) 11

12 Objective-C However, one major project had stalled out The creation of the next generation Mac OS With the purchase of NeXT and the Unix underpinnings of NeXTSTEP built using Objective-C Cocoa and OS X were born! 12

13 Cocoa Cocoa is the native OO API for OS X Built using Objective-C Cocoa apps were created using Project Builder and Interface Builder Tools originally created for the NeXTSTEP system Cocoa is important in that it forces applications to adhere to Apple UI guidelines Project Builder + Interface Builder = Xcode 13

14 Cocoa Touch With the creation of ios, came Cocoa Touch Still Objective-C Still MVC Still Unix-based underneath it all So, Objective-C became the default language for building for ios Until 14

15 Swift Introduced at WWDC 2014 as Objective-C without the C Meant to address memory and type safety issues present in Objective-C Switches the message-passing syntax of Objective-C for the more common dot notation found in Java, etc. Builds in many of the old standard Apple data types (like NSString) 15

16 Swift The language itself looks much more Javalike with many keywords carried over Semicolons not required though In general, shouldn t take too long for a Java programmer to pick up Uses Objective-C runtime, so it can import any Objective-C libraries Swift 2.0 released September 16, 2015 Open sourced on December 3,

17 Where does this leave us? You don t HAVE to develop ios apps using Objective-C or Swift However, that is the way to do native development (yes, you can KINDA do this with some third party tools ) As of now, to build ios apps using Objective-C or Swift, you need to use Xcode To use Xcode, you need a Mac 17

18 Developing with Xcode If you don t own a Mac Mac Minis in Rice 340 Unix logins should work Check to see if you can swipe in Another option is 18

19 Things to cover: Xcode and Swift Simulators vs. Emulators How to hook up to Github Using the Interface Builder to connect code to UI objects 19