(12) United States Patent Dennard et a].

Transcription

1 US (12) United States Patent Dennard et a]. (10) Patent N0.: (45) Date of Patent: US 8,754,672 Jun. 17, 2014 (54) VOLTAGE CONVERSION AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS WITH STACKED VOLTAGE DOMAINS (75) Inventors: Robert H. Dennard, Croton-on-Hudson, NY (U S); Brian L. Ji, Fishkill, NY (US) (73) Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, NY (US) ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. (21) (22) (65) (63) (51) (52) (58) Appl. No.: 13/420,080 Filed: Mar. 14, 2012 Prior Publication Data US 2012/ Jul. 5, 2012 Related US. Application Data Continuation of application No. 12/422,391,?led on Apr. 13, 2009, now Pat. No. 8,174,288. Int. Cl. H03K 19/0175 ( ) US. Cl. USPC /81; 326/83; 326/101; 326/121; 326/63; 327/333; 327/530 Field of Classi?cation Search USPC /62465, 81483, 86487, 112, 115, 326/121; 327/ , 333; 330/277, 330/29(L295 See application?le for complete search history. (56) References Cited 4,752,699 A 5,270,581 A U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 6/1988 Cranford, Jr. et al. 12/1993 Nakamura (Continued) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS CN A 3/2007 CN A 12/2008 JP A 11/1985 WO A2 5/2007 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Charge Pumps: An Overview, [online]; [retrieved on Jan. 29, 2009]; retrieved from the Internet ece1371/chargepumpspdf Louie Pylarinos, Charge Pumps: An Overview, pp. 1-7; Proceedings of the IEEE International Sympo sium on Circuits and Systems; (Continued) Primary Examiner * Alexander H Taningco Assistant Examiner * Christopher Lo (74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiCantor Colbum LLP; VaZken Alexanian (57) ABSTRACT A reversible, switched capacitor voltage conversion appara tus includes a plurality of individual unit cells coupled to one another in stages, With each unit cell comprising multiple sets of inverter devices arranged in a stacked con?guration, such that each set of inverter devices operates in separate voltage domains wherein outputs of inverter devices in adjacent volt age domains are capacitively coupled to one another such that a?rst terminal of a capacitor is coupled to an output of a?rst inverter device in a?rst voltage domain, and a second termi nal of the capacitor is coupled to an output of a second inverter in a second voltage domain; and wherein, for both the?rst and second voltage domains, outputs of at least one of the plural ity of individual unit cells serve as corresponding inputs for at least another one of the plurality of individual unit cells. 6 Claims, 22 Drawing Sheets vz P2 P2 N2 == V1 N2 J: P1 P1,

2 US 8,754,672 Page 2 (56) 5,581,506 5,631,816 5,867,040 5,897,040 6,075,401 6,147,540 6,204,141 6,304,068 6,600,220 6,600,679 6,617,903 6,646,425 6,657,420 6,744,297 6,838,927 7,051,306 7,095,619 7,116,594 7,129,751 7,190,210 7,230,455 7,257,723 7,315,463 7,342,389 7,348,800 7,358,573 7,518,481 7,551,018 7,564,263 7,581,198 7,609,114 7,750,717 7,768, / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS A A A* A A A B1 B1 B1 B1 * * * 12/1996 5/1997 2/1999 4/1999 6/ /2000 3/ /2001 7/2003 7/2003 9/ / /2003 6/2004 1/2005 5/2006 8/ / /2006 3/2007 6/2007 8/2007 1/2008 3/2008 3/2008 4/2008 4/2009 6/2009 7/2009 8/ /2009 7/2010 8/2010 2/2002 8/2003 6/2005 7/2005 9/2005 9/2005 4/2006 5/2006 6/2006 4/2008 4/2008 4/2008 4/2008 4/2008 4/2008 5/2008 7/ /2008 2/2009 3/2009 4/ /2009 Yamauchi Brakus Fuse et a /101 Ward Inoue et al. Coddington Lou Hui et a1. Barber et al. Tanzawa et al. Kawamura Miftakhutdinov Shacter Huang Oonishi Hoberman et al. Panella et al. Luk et al. Jahan et al. Azrai et a1. Luk Galles Schrom et al. Wu et al. Koto et al. Cecchi et al. Gardner et a1. Hsu et al. Walker et a1. Huynh et al. Hsieh et al. Ali et al. Luich Ovens et al. Miftakhutdinov Fujiwara Luk et al. Azrai et a1. Azrai et a1. Narendra et al. Narendra et al. Heinz et al /333 Lin et al. Lin et al. Lin et al. Lin et al. Lin et al. Lin et al. Lin et al. Titiano et a1. Oraw et al /60 Kanno et al. Luk et al. Luk et al. Urakabe et al / / /2009 Cheng et al. 2010/ /2010 Acharya 2010/ /2010 Dennard et al. 2010/ * 9/2010 Goldfarb et al / / /2011 Oshima et al. OTHER PUBLICATIONS Cockcroft-Walton generator, [online]; [retrieved on Jan. 29, 2009]; retrieved from the Internet Cockcroft-Waltonigenerator. D. Maurath et al; A self-adaptive switched-capacitor voltage con verter with dynamic input load control for energy harvesting; Proc. ESSCIRC; Sep , 2009; pp D. Stepanovic et al.; Gated-diode Sense Ampli?er for Robust Dif ferential sensing in 6T SRAM; Univ. of California, Berkeley; pub lished on-line; May 3, F H Khan et al., A 5 kw Bi-directional Multilevel Modular DC-DC Converter (MMCCC) Featuring Built in Power Management for Fuel Cell and Hybrid Electric Automobiles, Vehicle Power and Propul sion Conference; Sep. 9, 2007, pp , IEEE. Gerhard Schrom, et al., Feasibility of Monolithic and 3D-Stacked DC-DC Converters for Microprocessors in 90nm Technology Gen eration, Copyright 2004 ACM, 6 pages. International Search Report; International Application No. PCT/ EP2010/051288; International Filing Date: Feb. 3, 2010; Date of mailing: Jun. 21, 2010; 5 pages. International Search Report; International Application No. PCT/US/ 10 /26748; International Filing Date: Mar. 10, 2010; Date of mailing: May 3,2010; 7 pages. J. Kwong et al.; A 65 nm Sub-V Sub-t Microcontroller With Inte grated SRAM and Switched Capacitor DC-DC Converter; IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, 1, Jan. 2009; pp U.S.Appl. No. 12/422,391; Notice ofallowance; Date Filed: Apr. 13, 2009; Date Mailed: Jan, 9, 2012, US. Appl. No. 12/392,476; Final Of?ce Action; Date Filed: Feb. 25, 2009; Date Mailed: Feb. 9, 2012; pp U.S. Appl. No. 12/ ; Non-Final Of?ce Action; Date Filed: Feb. 25, 2009; Date Mailed Oct. 25, US. Appl. No. 12/623,462; Non-Final Of?ce Action; Date Filed: Nov. 23, 2009; Date Mailed: Feb. 6, 2012; pp U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,391; Final Of?ce Action; Date Filed: Apr. 13, 2009; Date Mailed: Sep. 7, W. K. Luk et al.; Gated-Diode Ampli?ers; IEEE Transaction on Circuits and SystemsiII: Express Briefs, vol. 52, No. 5; May 2005, pp Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority; Interna tional Application No. PCT/EP2010/051288; International Filing Date: Feb. 3, 2010; Date ofmailing: Jun. 21, 2010; 5 pages. Written Opinion; International Application No. PCT/U S/ 10 /26748; International Filing Date: Mar. 10, 2010; Date of mailing: May 3, 2010; 5 pages. U.S. Appl. No. 13/552,091; Non-Final Of?ce Action; Filing Date: Jul. 18, 2012; Date ofmailing: Oct. 25, 2012; pp * cited by examiner

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